Correlations between body temperature and environmental factors and their variations with activity in garter snakes (Thamnophis)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2244-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Garter Snakes ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Explained Variation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Activity Groups ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which several environmental variables were associated with body temperatures of three species of garter snakes (Thamnophis) on Vancouver Island, and whether or not these associations changed with different activities of snakes. Perhaps because the data set was quite heterogeneous, no differences were observed between body temperatures of different species or sexes. In all activity groups, environmental temperatures were the variables most highly correlated with body temperatures; factors such as visible light intensity and cloud cover also were correlated with body temperature in some cases, but added little to the "explained" variation of body temperature. There was little evidence of seasonal or diel fluctuation in body temperature, but more careful data collection may be required to detect these. The correlation between body and environmental temperatures was highest for snakes under cover and lowest for moving snakes. Basking snakes in general were intermediate between these two groups, but snakes basking in the sun under sunny skies showed low correlation between body and environmental temperatures. Snakes, therefore, had body temperatures relatively independent of environmental temperatures under certain circumstances, but conclusions about thermoregulation could not be drawn from these data.

Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in the bat (Myotis myotis Borkh.) during arousal from hibernation

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Mejsnar ◽  
Ladislav Janský
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Myotis Myotis ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Nonshivering thermogenesis exists in the bat (Myotis myotis Borkh.) arousing from hibernation at environmental temperatures of 4–6 °C. Nonshivering thermogenesis is essential for the start of the arousal, and it is stimulated by noradrenaline since hexamethonium prevents the increase in metabolism and body temperature. Injection of noradrenaline abolishes this inhibition by hexamethonium by inducing nonshivering thermogenesis. After simultaneous administration of hexamethonium and alderlin no calorigenic effect of noradrenaline occurs. Shivering heat production during arousal appears at body temperatures between 10 and 17 °C predominantly. In normothermic bats the calorigenic effect of noradrenaline was observed, which indicates that nonshivering thermogenesis might also be present in awake animals. During arousal at 25 °C a great increase in intensity of shivering was observed. Elimination of nonshivering thermogenesis by hexamethonium does not prevent the attainment of the homoiothermic level of body temperature, and administration of noradrenaline does not speed up the process of arousal. As is evident from the metabolic capacity of the brown fat, the heat derived from this organ could maximally participate in total metabolism by 25% at the beginning and at the late period of arousal. In the middle range of body temperatures its significance for total metabolism is only about 10–13%.

Effects of gap-based silviculture on thermal biology of a terrestrial reptile

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Agha ◽  
Brian D. Todd ◽  
Ben Augustine ◽  
John M. Lhotka ◽  
Leo J. Fleckenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Silvicultural Practices ◽  
Box Turtles ◽  
Box Turtle ◽  
Eastern Box Turtles ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Context Terrestrial reptiles require varied thermal environments to promote optimal physiological performance, growth, reproduction, and survival. Aims Our study was designed to determine whether gap-based silvicultural practices offer suitable thermal environments for eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina) by examining environmental temperature variation and body temperature of eastern box turtles in, and adjacent to, canopy gaps. Methods We recorded box turtle body temperature from 20 radio-tracked turtles and environmental temperatures (canopy gaps and undisturbed habitat) using temperature loggers from June to September 2014 in a managed forest after canopy gaps (0.28–1.13 ha gap–1) were created via gap-based silviculture. Key results Over the four-month study period, gap temperatures were generally higher than adjacent undisturbed microhabitats. Box turtle body temperatures were closely correlated with environmental temperatures in undisturbed habitat in June and July. Turtle body temperatures were, however, closely correlated with environmental temperatures in canopy gaps in August and September. In addition, box turtles in our study had activity areas that overlapped canopy gaps from 0 to 65%, depending on the individual. As percentage overlap of canopy gaps increased, turtle body temperatures were increasingly correlated with canopy gap temperatures. Furthermore, as percentage overlap of canopy gaps increased, daily mean body temperature records consistently stayed within the preferred box turtle body temperature range (20.2–26.2°C). Conclusions Our study suggests that gap-based silviculture can create thermally compatible environments for box turtles depending on the time of day and year, and that box turtles use these microhabitats to thermoregulate. Implications The application of relatively small-scale silvicultural practices (≤1 ha gap–1) that provide heterogeneity in forest structure, composition, and function may be a useful alternative to clearcutting and other intensive harvesting methods that are associated with declines in terrestrial reptile populations.

Temperature Diurne d'Activité des Males et des Femelles de Lacerta vivipara

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Heulin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lacerta Vivipara ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

AbstractMean body temperature (TC) of Lacerta vivpara ranges from 26°8 to 32° at Paimpont (France). There is a highly significant correlation between environmental temperatures (TS) and body temperatures (TC). The mean body temperature of pregnant females is lower than that of males and non-pregnant females. Also, the regression line TC = f(TS) calculated for pregnant females is different from those calculated for males and non-pregnant females. The possible relations between pregnancy and body temperature are discussed.

EXERCISE AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN LEMMINGS AND RABBITS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart ◽  
O. Heroux
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Oxygen consumption and body temperatures were determined in lemmings at environmental temperatures from 20 °C. to −10 °C. and in rabbits from 20 °C. to −50 °C. Body insulation indices were estimated as the ratio [Formula: see text]. In both species, increase in activity and decrease in temperature led to increases in oxygen consumption that were additive over the temperature range. Oxygen increments of work were independent of environmental temperature in the absence of progressive hypothermia. Work led to increases in body temperature at the upper environmental temperatures and to decreases in body temperature at the lower temperatures. In extreme cold, rabbits became progressively hypothermic during work and there was a decline in oxygen consumption. Body temperatures started to fall at environmental temperatures 18 °C. higher in working than in resting rabbits. Insulation was lower in working than in resting animals. During exercise there appears to be a readjustment of body temperature, insulation, and heat loss until thermal equilibrium is established. The regulation of heat production, within limits, seems to be independent of body-temperature changes during exercise.

Detection of silent oestrus in dairy cows by milk temperature measurement

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Gil ◽  
J. Szarek ◽  
J. Kural
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractMilk temperature was measured automatically during milking with a view to detecting silent oestrus in dairy cows. A total of 38 silent oestrous periods were studied, based mainly on ovulation and milk progesterone levels together with visual observation.In 78·9% of silent oestrous periods, a significant increase in milk temperature amounting to a mean of 0·6 (s.e. 0·07)°C was found, and this was highly correlated (r = 0·90) with an increased body temperature. In most silent oestrous periods increases in milk and body temperatures and ovulation with milk progesterone levels below 2 μg/l were found, the oestrous cycles being characterized by typical progesterone profiles. In some cows increases in milk and body temperatures and ovulation during a silent oestrous period were associated with non-typical progesterone profiles although most of these occurred shortly after parturition.

Minimal overwintering temperatures of red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis): a possible cue for emergence?

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah I. Lutterschmidt ◽  
Michael P. LeMaster ◽  
Robert T. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Garter Snakes ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis Parietalis ◽  
Spring Emergence ◽  
Insight Into

Red-sided garter snakes ( Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis (Say in James, 1823)) in Manitoba, Canada, undergo 8 months of continuous winter dormancy prior to spring emergence. As in other ectothermic species, increases in ground temperature may be the cue for emergence from winter dormancy in these populations. To test this hypothesis, we measured body temperatures during winter dormancy by surgically implanting small temperature loggers into 32 female red-sided garter snakes before they entered their native hibernaculum. The following spring, we recaptured seven of the snakes implanted with temperature loggers. Body temperature declined gradually from mid-September (14.7 ± 0.24 °C, mean  ± SE) to early April (1.1 ± 0.16 °C, mean ± SE) during winter dormancy, reaching minimal values approximately 1 month prior to spring emergence. Body temperatures of emerging snakes ranged from 0.5 °C during early spring to 6.3 °C during late spring (3.4 ± 0.84 °C, mean ± SE). These results do not support the hypothesis that an increase in ground temperature (and hence body temperature) is necessary for emergence from winter dormancy. We suggest that critically low temperatures (i.e., 0.5–1 °C) are a Zeitgeber entraining an endogenous circannual cycle that regulates snake emergence. These results offer new insight into the mechanisms regulating seasonal emergence from winter dormancy.

Thermal niche overlap in garter snakes (Thamnophis) on Vancouver Island

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Gregory ◽  
A. G. Duncan McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Garter Snakes ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature

Although the three species of garter snakes (Thamnophis) on Vancouver Island have generally different diets, they overlap in food habits to some extent. Consequently, additional separation along other niche dimensions is expected. In this study, differences in thermal niches were examined in the field. Two of the three species had similar body temperatures and both were significantly different from the third. The linear relationship between body and substrate temperatures was not statistically different among species, however, allowing body temperatures to be directly related to habitat and (or) activity period differences. Extremes of habitat selection, rather than differences in diel activity periods, probably account for most of the interspecific variation in body temperature. On the other hand, the three species do coexist in some habitats and the observed differences in mean body temperature are small. Body temperature also varied slightly according to sex and reproductive condition, gravid females generally being warmer than other snakes.

Thermoregulation of the lizard Barisia imbricata at altitudinal extremes

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
Natalia Fierro-Estrada ◽  
Yasmin Guadalupe González González ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Margarita Martínez Gómez ◽  
Andrés García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Ambient temperature is a primary factor affecting the physiology and activity of reptiles. Thermoregulation involves a series of mechanisms to maintain an organism’s body temperature within a narrow range. The study of thermal ecology of lizards is relevant for understanding their distribution, life history, ecology and thermal requirements. Moreover, determining how species are able to attain physiologically active body temperatures in challenging environments is necessary for assessing the risk of extinction due to climate change, especially for threatened endemic species. We evaluated and compared the thermal ecology of two populations of the viviparous lizard Barisia imbricata, at contrasting elevations (2200 and 3700 m). We obtained variation in thermal data from winter through autumn for multiple years. We determined thermal efficiency indices based on field active body temperatures, preferred temperatures (in a thermal gradient), and operative environmental temperatures (according to null models). We also recorded substrate and air temperatures at the time of capture. Mean body temperature of both populations showed a positive correlation with environmental temperatures. We found significant seasonal differences in body temperature in both populations, and between body temperatures of the two populations. Our results suggest that B. imbricata is an eurythermic species and can thermoregulate actively at any given time. However, when environmental temperatures are within the range of preferred temperatures, the species does not engage in thermoregulatory behavior. This information expands knowledge on the range of possible thermal responses to environmental variation within a species.

EXERCISE AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN LEMMINGS AND RABBITS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart ◽  
O. Heroux
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Oxygen consumption and body temperatures were determined in lemmings at environmental temperatures from 20 °C. to −10 °C. and in rabbits from 20 °C. to −50 °C. Body insulation indices were estimated as the ratio [Formula: see text]. In both species, increase in activity and decrease in temperature led to increases in oxygen consumption that were additive over the temperature range. Oxygen increments of work were independent of environmental temperature in the absence of progressive hypothermia. Work led to increases in body temperature at the upper environmental temperatures and to decreases in body temperature at the lower temperatures. In extreme cold, rabbits became progressively hypothermic during work and there was a decline in oxygen consumption. Body temperatures started to fall at environmental temperatures 18 °C. higher in working than in resting rabbits. Insulation was lower in working than in resting animals. During exercise there appears to be a readjustment of body temperature, insulation, and heat loss until thermal equilibrium is established. The regulation of heat production, within limits, seems to be independent of body-temperature changes during exercise.

Exploring fake news identification using word and sentence embeddings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
V.T Priyanga ◽  
J.P Sanjanasri ◽  
Vijay Krishna Menon ◽  
E.A Gopalakrishnan ◽  
K.P Soman
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Liar

The widespread use of social media like Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp, etc. has changed the way News is created and published; accessing news has become easy and inexpensive. However, the scale of usage and inability to moderate the content has made social media, a breeding ground for the circulation of fake news. Fake news is deliberately created either to increase the readership or disrupt the order in the society for political and commercial benefits. It is of paramount importance to identify and filter out fake news especially in democratic societies. Most existing methods for detecting fake news involve traditional supervised machine learning which has been quite ineffective. In this paper, we are analyzing word embedding features that can tell apart fake news from true news. We use the LIAR and ISOT data set. We churn out highly correlated news data from the entire data set by using cosine similarity and other such metrices, in order to distinguish their domains based on central topics. We then employ auto-encoders to detect and differentiate between true and fake news while also exploring their separability through network analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document