Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in the bat (Myotis myotis Borkh.) during arousal from hibernation

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Mejsnar ◽  
Ladislav Janský
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Myotis Myotis ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Nonshivering thermogenesis exists in the bat (Myotis myotis Borkh.) arousing from hibernation at environmental temperatures of 4–6 °C. Nonshivering thermogenesis is essential for the start of the arousal, and it is stimulated by noradrenaline since hexamethonium prevents the increase in metabolism and body temperature. Injection of noradrenaline abolishes this inhibition by hexamethonium by inducing nonshivering thermogenesis. After simultaneous administration of hexamethonium and alderlin no calorigenic effect of noradrenaline occurs. Shivering heat production during arousal appears at body temperatures between 10 and 17 °C predominantly. In normothermic bats the calorigenic effect of noradrenaline was observed, which indicates that nonshivering thermogenesis might also be present in awake animals. During arousal at 25 °C a great increase in intensity of shivering was observed. Elimination of nonshivering thermogenesis by hexamethonium does not prevent the attainment of the homoiothermic level of body temperature, and administration of noradrenaline does not speed up the process of arousal. As is evident from the metabolic capacity of the brown fat, the heat derived from this organ could maximally participate in total metabolism by 25% at the beginning and at the late period of arousal. In the middle range of body temperatures its significance for total metabolism is only about 10–13%.

Effects of gap-based silviculture on thermal biology of a terrestrial reptile

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Agha ◽  
Brian D. Todd ◽  
Ben Augustine ◽  
John M. Lhotka ◽  
Leo J. Fleckenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Silvicultural Practices ◽  
Box Turtles ◽  
Box Turtle ◽  
Eastern Box Turtles ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Context Terrestrial reptiles require varied thermal environments to promote optimal physiological performance, growth, reproduction, and survival. Aims Our study was designed to determine whether gap-based silvicultural practices offer suitable thermal environments for eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina) by examining environmental temperature variation and body temperature of eastern box turtles in, and adjacent to, canopy gaps. Methods We recorded box turtle body temperature from 20 radio-tracked turtles and environmental temperatures (canopy gaps and undisturbed habitat) using temperature loggers from June to September 2014 in a managed forest after canopy gaps (0.28–1.13 ha gap–1) were created via gap-based silviculture. Key results Over the four-month study period, gap temperatures were generally higher than adjacent undisturbed microhabitats. Box turtle body temperatures were closely correlated with environmental temperatures in undisturbed habitat in June and July. Turtle body temperatures were, however, closely correlated with environmental temperatures in canopy gaps in August and September. In addition, box turtles in our study had activity areas that overlapped canopy gaps from 0 to 65%, depending on the individual. As percentage overlap of canopy gaps increased, turtle body temperatures were increasingly correlated with canopy gap temperatures. Furthermore, as percentage overlap of canopy gaps increased, daily mean body temperature records consistently stayed within the preferred box turtle body temperature range (20.2–26.2°C). Conclusions Our study suggests that gap-based silviculture can create thermally compatible environments for box turtles depending on the time of day and year, and that box turtles use these microhabitats to thermoregulate. Implications The application of relatively small-scale silvicultural practices (≤1 ha gap–1) that provide heterogeneity in forest structure, composition, and function may be a useful alternative to clearcutting and other intensive harvesting methods that are associated with declines in terrestrial reptile populations.

Temperature Diurne d'Activité des Males et des Femelles de Lacerta vivipara

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Heulin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lacerta Vivipara ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

AbstractMean body temperature (TC) of Lacerta vivpara ranges from 26°8 to 32° at Paimpont (France). There is a highly significant correlation between environmental temperatures (TS) and body temperatures (TC). The mean body temperature of pregnant females is lower than that of males and non-pregnant females. Also, the regression line TC = f(TS) calculated for pregnant females is different from those calculated for males and non-pregnant females. The possible relations between pregnancy and body temperature are discussed.

Correlations between body temperature and environmental factors and their variations with activity in garter snakes (Thamnophis)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2244-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Garter Snakes ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Explained Variation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Activity Groups ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which several environmental variables were associated with body temperatures of three species of garter snakes (Thamnophis) on Vancouver Island, and whether or not these associations changed with different activities of snakes. Perhaps because the data set was quite heterogeneous, no differences were observed between body temperatures of different species or sexes. In all activity groups, environmental temperatures were the variables most highly correlated with body temperatures; factors such as visible light intensity and cloud cover also were correlated with body temperature in some cases, but added little to the "explained" variation of body temperature. There was little evidence of seasonal or diel fluctuation in body temperature, but more careful data collection may be required to detect these. The correlation between body and environmental temperatures was highest for snakes under cover and lowest for moving snakes. Basking snakes in general were intermediate between these two groups, but snakes basking in the sun under sunny skies showed low correlation between body and environmental temperatures. Snakes, therefore, had body temperatures relatively independent of environmental temperatures under certain circumstances, but conclusions about thermoregulation could not be drawn from these data.

EXERCISE AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN LEMMINGS AND RABBITS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart ◽  
O. Heroux
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Oxygen consumption and body temperatures were determined in lemmings at environmental temperatures from 20 °C. to −10 °C. and in rabbits from 20 °C. to −50 °C. Body insulation indices were estimated as the ratio [Formula: see text]. In both species, increase in activity and decrease in temperature led to increases in oxygen consumption that were additive over the temperature range. Oxygen increments of work were independent of environmental temperature in the absence of progressive hypothermia. Work led to increases in body temperature at the upper environmental temperatures and to decreases in body temperature at the lower temperatures. In extreme cold, rabbits became progressively hypothermic during work and there was a decline in oxygen consumption. Body temperatures started to fall at environmental temperatures 18 °C. higher in working than in resting rabbits. Insulation was lower in working than in resting animals. During exercise there appears to be a readjustment of body temperature, insulation, and heat loss until thermal equilibrium is established. The regulation of heat production, within limits, seems to be independent of body-temperature changes during exercise.

Thermoregulation of the lizard Barisia imbricata at altitudinal extremes

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
Natalia Fierro-Estrada ◽  
Yasmin Guadalupe González González ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Margarita Martínez Gómez ◽  
Andrés García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Ambient temperature is a primary factor affecting the physiology and activity of reptiles. Thermoregulation involves a series of mechanisms to maintain an organism’s body temperature within a narrow range. The study of thermal ecology of lizards is relevant for understanding their distribution, life history, ecology and thermal requirements. Moreover, determining how species are able to attain physiologically active body temperatures in challenging environments is necessary for assessing the risk of extinction due to climate change, especially for threatened endemic species. We evaluated and compared the thermal ecology of two populations of the viviparous lizard Barisia imbricata, at contrasting elevations (2200 and 3700 m). We obtained variation in thermal data from winter through autumn for multiple years. We determined thermal efficiency indices based on field active body temperatures, preferred temperatures (in a thermal gradient), and operative environmental temperatures (according to null models). We also recorded substrate and air temperatures at the time of capture. Mean body temperature of both populations showed a positive correlation with environmental temperatures. We found significant seasonal differences in body temperature in both populations, and between body temperatures of the two populations. Our results suggest that B. imbricata is an eurythermic species and can thermoregulate actively at any given time. However, when environmental temperatures are within the range of preferred temperatures, the species does not engage in thermoregulatory behavior. This information expands knowledge on the range of possible thermal responses to environmental variation within a species.

EXERCISE AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN LEMMINGS AND RABBITS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart ◽  
O. Heroux
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Oxygen consumption and body temperatures were determined in lemmings at environmental temperatures from 20 °C. to −10 °C. and in rabbits from 20 °C. to −50 °C. Body insulation indices were estimated as the ratio [Formula: see text]. In both species, increase in activity and decrease in temperature led to increases in oxygen consumption that were additive over the temperature range. Oxygen increments of work were independent of environmental temperature in the absence of progressive hypothermia. Work led to increases in body temperature at the upper environmental temperatures and to decreases in body temperature at the lower temperatures. In extreme cold, rabbits became progressively hypothermic during work and there was a decline in oxygen consumption. Body temperatures started to fall at environmental temperatures 18 °C. higher in working than in resting rabbits. Insulation was lower in working than in resting animals. During exercise there appears to be a readjustment of body temperature, insulation, and heat loss until thermal equilibrium is established. The regulation of heat production, within limits, seems to be independent of body-temperature changes during exercise.

scholarly journals A refined method to monitor arousal from hibernation in the European hamster

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik A. F. Markussen ◽  
Vebjørn J. Melum ◽  
Béatrice Bothorel ◽  
David G. Hazlerigg ◽  
Valérie Simonneaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Behavioural Adaptation ◽  
Ventilation Frequency ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Warming Rate ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Abstract Background Hibernation is a physiological and behavioural adaptation that permits survival during periods of reduced food availability and extreme environmental temperatures. This is achieved through cycles of metabolic depression and reduced body temperature (torpor) and rewarming (arousal). Rewarming from torpor is achieved through the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) associated with a rapid increase in ventilation frequency. Here, we studied the rate of rewarming in the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus) by measuring both BAT temperature, core body temperature and ventilation frequency. Results Temperature was monitored in parallel in the BAT (IPTT tags) and peritoneal cavity (iButtons) during hibernation torpor-arousal cycling. We found that increases in brown fat temperature preceded core body temperature rises by approximately 48 min, with a maximum re-warming rate of 20.9℃*h-1. Re-warming was accompanied by a significant increase in ventilation frequency. The rate of rewarming was slowed by the presence of a spontaneous thoracic mass in one of our animals. Core body temperature re-warming was reduced by 6.2℃*h-1 and BAT rewarming by 12℃*h-1. Ventilation frequency was increased by 77% during re-warming in the affected animal compared to a healthy animal. Inspection of the position and size of the mass indicated it was obstructing the lungs and heart. Conclusions We have used a minimally invasive method to monitor BAT temperature during arousal from hibernation illustrating BAT re-warming significantly precedes core body temperature re-warming, informing future study design on arousal from hibernation. We also showed compromised re-warming from hibernation in an animal with a mass obstructing the lungs and heart, likely leading to inefficient ventilation and circulation.

Body temperature regulation and oxygen consumption in young chicks fed thyroid hormone

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1842-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. Snyder ◽  
Joseph R. Coelho ◽  
Dalan R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Young Chicks

In chicks the ability to regulate body temperature to adult levels develops during the first 2 weeks of life. We examined whether the ability of young chicks to regulate body temperature is increased by elevated levels of the thyroid hormone 3,3′5-triiodothyronine. By 13 days following hatch, body temperatures of chicks were not significantly different from those expected for adult birds. Furthermore, at an ambient temperature of 10 °C, 13-day-old control chicks were able to maintain body temperature, and elevated serum thyroid hormone levels did not increase rates of oxygen consumption or body temperature above control values. Six-day-old chicks had body temperatures that were significantly lower than those of the 13-day-old chicks and were not able to regulate body temperature when exposed to an ambient temperature of 10 °C. On the other hand, 6-day-old chicks with elevated serum thyroid hormone had significantly higher rates of oxygen consumption than 6-day-old control chicks, and were able to maintain constant body temperatures during cold exposure. The increased oxygen consumption rates and improved ability to regulate body temperature during cold exposure were correlated with increased citrate synthase activity in skeletal muscle. Our results support the argument that thyroid hormones play an important role in the development of thermoregulatory ability in neonate birds by stimulating enzyme activities associated with aerobic metabolism.

Rancang Bangun Pengukur Suhu Tubuh Dengan Multi Sensor Untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Helmy Yudhistira Putra ◽  
Utomo Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Heat Measurement ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Door Lock ◽  
Body Heat

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of preventive equipment such as masks and hand sanitizers has increased significantly. Likewise, thermometers are experiencing an increase and scarcity, this tool is also sought after by many companies for screening employees and guests before entering the building to detect body temperatures that are suspected of being positive for COVID-19. The use of a thermometer operated by humans is very risky because dealing directly with people who could be ODP (People Under Monitoring/Suscpected ) or even positive for COVID-19, therefore we need tools for automatic body temperature screening and do not involve humans for the examination. This research uses the MLX-90614 body temperature sensor equipped with an ultrasonic support sensor to detect movement and measure the distance between the forehead and the temperature sensor so that the body heat measurement works optimally, and a 16x2 LCD to display the temperature measurement results. If the measured body temperature is more than 37.5 ° C degrees Celsius then the buzzer will turn on and the selenoid door lock will not open and will send a notification to the Telegram messaging application. The final result obtained is the formation of a prototype device for measuring body temperature automatically without the need to involve humans in measuring body temperature to control people who want to enter the building so as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission

scholarly journals Thermal ecology and activity patterns of the lizard community of the Restinga of Jurubatiba, Macaé, RJ

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. HATANO ◽  
D. VRCIBRADIC ◽  
C. A. B. GALDINO ◽  
M. CUNHA-BARROS ◽  
C. F. D. ROCHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Hemidactylus Mabouia ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

We analyzed the thermal ecology and activity patterns of the lizard community from the Restinga of Jurubatiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The broadest activity was that of Tropidurus torquatus, a sit-and-wait forager, while the active foraging teiid Cnemidophorus littoralis had the shortest activity. The nocturnal gekkonid Hemidactylus mabouia was found active during the day only during early morning and late afternoon, when environmental temperatures are low. Body temperature was highest for Cnemidophorus littoralis and lowest for the two Mabuya species. The patterns found here are discussed and compared to those of congeneric species in other habitats in Brazil.

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