Density, movements, and breeding success of female blue grouse in an area of reduced male density

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1556-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Timing Of Breeding ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Male Density ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus

The density of male blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) on a 95-ha area was reduced artificially by approximately 75% in 1982. Density, movements, and breeding success of females on this area in that year were compared with those of females on the same area in 1981 (when density of males was undisturbed) and of females on an unmanipulated control area in 1981 and 1982. A reduction in male density had no apparent effect on the density of either yearling (potential recruits) or adult females, or the daily movements, timing of breeding, and breeding success of females. Home ranges of females were largest when male density was artificially reduced, but not significantly so. The larger home range sizes of females residing in an area with a very low density of males did not seem to result entirely from females searching for males with which to breed. Results of this study suggest that densities of male blue grouse have no apparent effect on densities of females or production of young, and support the hypothesis that densities of females in this species are regulated independently of males.

Renesting in adult and yearling blue grouse

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart G. Sopuck ◽  
Fred C. Zwickel
Keyword(s):  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Second Clutch

Eight of 31 radio-tagged female blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) that had first nests terminated before hatch produced second clutches. Significantly more adult than yearling hens renested. All yearling hens that produced a second clutch had first nests terminated during laying or early incubation; but most yearlings did not renest. Adult females renested independently of the stage of incubation when nests were terminated. Average size of second clutches of adults are likely larger than those of yearlings and average size of second clutches of all females are likely smaller than those of first clutches. Most prenesting home ranges used during second nesting attempts were in the same general areas and of the same sizes as those used during initial nesting attempts.

scholarly journals Home range of the Tropidurid lizard Liolaemus lutzae: sexual and body size differences

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. D. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Janeiro State

The home range of the Tropidurid lizard Liolaemus lutzae, an endemic species of the costal sand dune habitats of Rio de Janeiro State, was studied in the beach habitat of Barra de Maricá restinga, Maricá County. Home ranges were studied using a mark-recapture technique in a delimited area at the beach habitat. I considered for estimates and analysis the home ranges of those lizards with a minimum of four positions. The size of L. lutzae home ranges varied according to the segment of the population. The mean home range size of adult males (x = 59.8 ± 33.7 m²) was significantly larger than that of adult females (x = 22.3 ± 16.1 m²). Juvenile mean home range size was significantly smaller than that of adult males, but did not differ from that of adult females (t = 1.058; p = 0.149). The overlap between male home ranges was usually low (3.6%), being in general only peripheral. Conversely, there was a considerable overlap between home ranges of adult females with those of adult males, the home range areas of two or three females being enclosed in the home range of one adult male. The small overlap between home ranges of adult males suggested mutual exclusion. The observed between-sex differences in the size of L. lutzae home range may be explained by the sexual dimorphism in body size in this species, and by the need of adult males to establish larger areas so as to include many females in their areas, during the reproductive season. The differences in home range along ontogeny probably result from differences in body size of the different segments of the population, due to trophic differences (carnivory and herbivory levels), and the dispersal of young after birth. Because L. lutzae is omnivorous, but primarily herbivorous when adult, and due to its sit-and-wait foraging behavior (mainly on arthropods), it does not need to move around over large areas to find food, which in turn reduces the area necessary for it to live.

Density and home range of feral cats in north-western Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh W. McGregor ◽  
Sarah Legge ◽  
Joanne Potts ◽  
Menna E. Jones ◽  
Christopher N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
North Western

Context Feral cats (Felis catus) pose a significant threat to biodiversity in Australia, and are implicated in current declines of small mammals in the savannas of northern Australia. Basic information on population density and ranging behaviour is essential to understand and manage threats from feral cats. Aims In this study, we provide robust estimates of density and home range of feral cats in the central Kimberley region of north-western Australia, and we test whether population density is affected by livestock grazing, small mammal abundance and other environmental factors. Methods Densities were measured at six transects sampled between 2011 and 2013 using arrays of infrared cameras. Cats were individually identified, and densities estimated using spatially explicit capture–recapture analysis. Home range was measured from GPS tracking of 32 cats. Key results Densities were similar across all transects and deployments, with a mean of 0.18 cats km–2 (range = 0.09–0.34 km–2). We found no evidence that population density was related to livestock grazing or abundance of small mammals. Home ranges of males were, on average, 855 ha (±156 ha (95% CI), n = 25), and those of females were half the size at 397 ha (±275 ha (95% CI), n = 7). There was little overlap in ranges of cats of the same sex. Conclusions Compared with elsewhere in Australia outside of semiarid regions, feral cats occur at low density and have large home ranges in the central Kimberley. However, other evidence shows that despite this low density, cats are contributing to declines of small mammal populations across northern Australia. Implications It will be very difficult to reduce these already-sparse populations by direct control. Instead, land-management practices that reduce the impacts of cats on prey should be investigated.

Managing confined populations: the influence of density on the home range and habitat use of reintroduced burrowing bettongs (Bettongia lesueur)

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme R. Finlayson ◽  
Katherine E. Moseby
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
High Density ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Behavioural Changes

The home range, reproductive condition and warren and habitat use of reintroduced female burrowing bettongs was compared within two enclosures in the Arid Recovery Reserve at estimated densities of 2.75 and 7.5 bettongs km–2. Bettongs at both densities exhibited similar behaviour, with females using an average of 2.7 warrens over six months and home ranges averaging 29 and 35 ha in the low- and high-density enclosure respectively. All five female bettongs studied in the low-density enclosure were carrying pouch young at the beginning and end of the six-month study but only one of the five females in the high-density enclosure was carrying pouch young after six months. Higher food availability may have accounted for the higher reproductive effort and slightly smaller home ranges observed in the low-density enclosure. Female bettongs at both densities favoured dune habitat over chenopod swales and all burrows were in dune habitat. Although some differences in reproductive output were observed, it is likely that densities are not yet high enough to cause significant behavioural changes.

Seasonal changes in spatial patterns and behavior of yearling male blue grouse on the breeding range

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2777-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Breeding Range ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
And Behavior

Changes in spatial patterns and behavior of yearling male blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) equipped with radio transmitters were recorded during spring and summer, 1980 and 1981, on Hardwicke Island, British Columbia. Sizes of home ranges decreased and yearlings appeared to become less dispersed as the season progressed. Most birds moved off their initial home range and onto new areas on the breeding range by late summer although the timing of this movement varied among individuals. Interactions involving yearling males with females and territorial males decreased as the season advanced. Changes in spatial patterns and behavior appear to be related to seasonal changes in levels of hormones in yearling males.

Home-range characteristics of an alpine lizard, Niveoscincus microlepidotus (Scincidae), on Mt Wellington, southern Tasmania

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Melville ◽  
Roy Swain
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Range Overlap

We studied the home ranges of the alpine skink, Niveoscincus microlepidotus, in an alpine transition zone on Mt Wellington, Tasmania, over a 5-month period to examine seasonal patterns in the home-range characteristics of four male, four female and two sub-adult juvenile lizards. Home-range sizes and activity patterns within these were quantified. Adult males had significantly larger home ranges with more activity centres than adult females; most activity centres were clearly synonymous with basking sites and were defended by overt aggressive behaviour. Home ranges of males showed little overlap and no seasonal variation while those of femals were unusual amongst reptiles in showing extensive overlap and seasonal change in size. Ranges were smallest in spring when all females were pregnant and were smallest in summer when only one female was pregnant. Range overlap ensured that all females studied had potential access to at least two males. Juveniles had no defined home ranges and appeared to be transients.

POPULATION ATTRIBUTES OF BLUE GROUSE IN SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Boag
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Breeding Grounds

A population of blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) was studied over a 10-year period in southwestern Alberta. During this time a number of population attributes were documented. Density declined from a maximum of 47 adult males in 1955 to a minimum of 6 in 1964 on the 620-acre study area. Dispersion of adult male blue grouse on the breeding grounds was accomplished by establishing territories which averaged 1.5 ac. Adult females inhabited overlapping home ranges which averaged 43 ac in size. The age distribution among marked birds on the breeding grounds in May and June indicated 75% adult (2 years and older) and 25% subadult (1 year of age). Of the adults, approximately one-half were 2-year-olds with decreasing proportions in older age classes until none remained after they were 9 years old. Juveniles formed 40% of the fall population each year. The average hatch was 5.1 chicks per breeding female. Recruitment to the population has been inadequate to maintain numbers. Excessive mortality or dispersal rates must account for this. Minimum recorded loss of chicks during their first summer averaged 27%. Mortality rate of birds more than 1 year old averaged 56% per annum. Dispersal to other breeding ranges was recorded only in juvenile grouse.

Effect of spring removal experiments on the spacing behavior of female snowshoe hares

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2167-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Breeding Density ◽  
Spacing Behavior ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Removal Experiments

On an area in the southern Yukon, four adult female snowshoe hares were removed in May 1979, 10 days before birth of the first litter. For the next 35 days, movements of the surrounding females were monitored by livetrapping and telemetry, and compared with those of females on a control area. The experiment was repeated in June 1979 by removing six more females. Animals adjacent to the removal areas did not shift their home ranges to cover the vacated area, nor did immigrants come in from further outside. Females did spend significantly more time on that portion of their range nearest the removal areas. Females use their home range in a manner that would be expected to avoid interaction. Spacing behavior following first litter conception did not limit breeding density.

scholarly journals Ain't Nothing Like Family - Brown Bears Share their Home Range with Relatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Olejarz ◽  
Jouni Aspi ◽  
Ilpo Kojola ◽  
Vesa Nivala ◽  
Alina Niskanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Centroid Distance ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Eastern Finland

Sociality in animal populations is a continuum, and interactions between conspecifics are meaningful for all vertebrates. Ignorance of social structures can lead to misunderstanding their ecology and, consequently, to unsuccessful species management. Here, we combined genetic and spatial data on radio-collated brown bears (Ursus arctos) to investigate kin-related home range overlap and kin-related centroid distance within central and eastern Finland. We found that the extent of overlap of home ranges was positively linked with relatedness among adult females. A similar positive correlation could be detected between home range centroid distance and relatedness among adult females. Moreover, there were significant differences between the two studied regions: female brown bears in central Finland were more closely related to each other, and the sizes of their home ranges were larger than those in eastern Finland. The smaller home ranges and lower degree of relatedness among bears in eastern Finland might be a result of the substantially higher hunting pressure in the area, combined with immigration of new unrelated individuals from Russia.

scholarly journals Impact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Andrew Lazarus ◽  
Azlan Che-Amat ◽  
Muhammad Muzammil Abdul Halim Shah ◽  
Azwan Hamdan ◽  
Hasliza Abu Hassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Salt Lick ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Salt Licks

AbstractNatural salt lick (sira) is a strategic localisation for ecological wildlife assemblage to exhibit geophagy which may act as a population dynamic buffer of prey and predators. Undoubtedly, many agree that geophagy at natural licks is linked to nutritional ecology, health and assembly places facilitating social interaction of its users. Overall, natural salt licks not only save energy of obtaining nutrient leading to health maintenance but also forms the basis of population persistence. The Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia (Royal Belum) is a typical tropical rainforest in Malaysia rich in wildlife which are mainly concentrated around the natural salt lick. Since this is one of the most stable fauna ecology forest in Malaysia, it is timely to assess its impact on the Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris) home range dynamics. The three-potential home ranges of the Malayan tiger in this rainforest were selected based on animal trails or foot prints surrounding the salt lick viz (e.g. Sira Kuak and Sira Batu; Sira Rambai and Sira Buluh and Sira Papan) as well as previous sightings of a Malayan tiger in the area, whose movement is dependent on the density and distribution of prey. Camera traps were placed at potential animal trails surrounding the salt lick to capture any encountered wildlife species within the area of the camera placements. Results showed that all home ranges of Malayan tiger were of no significance for large bodied prey availability such as sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), and smaller prey such as muntjacs (Muntiacus muntjac) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Interestingly, all home range harbour the Malayan tiger as the only sole predator. The non-significance of prey availability at each home range is attributed to the decline of the Malayan tiger in the rainforest since tigers are dependant on the movement of its preferred prey surrounding natural salt licks. Thus, the information from this study offers fundamental knowledge on the importance of prey-predator interaction at salt lick which will help in designing strategy in rewilding or rehabilitation programs of the Malayan tiger at the Royal Belum Rainforest.

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