Microstructural growth patterns in the otoliths of larval and juvenile starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Campana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Increment Width ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Platichthys Stellatus

Microstructural growth patterns were examined and interpreted in the otoliths of both wild and laboratory-reared starry flounders, Platichthys stellatus. Growth increments were not formed with a daily periodicity in laboratory-reared larvae. However, increment counts increased with the degree of sample preparation, suggesting that increments near the resolving limit of light microscopy were not being observed. Increments in wild flounder sagittae were more clearly defined under both light and electron microscopy; in addition, larval and juvenile growth patterns could be easily differentiated. A transition zone between the growth regions corresponded to the size and age at metamorphosis. An increase of increment width with larval age resulted from a curvilinear relationship between otolith diameter and fish size. Larval growth rates of wild fish remained relatively constant at 0.25 mm/day until metamorphosis; juvenile growth rates were substantially higher. Metamorphosis was characterized by a sudden but temporary decline in growth rate.

Daily Growth Rates as Indicated by Valve Ridges in Postlarval Giant Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) (Bivalvia: Pectinidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jay Parsons ◽  
Shawn M. C. Robinson ◽  
John C. Roff ◽  
Michael J. Dadswell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Growth Increments

Postlarval giant scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) were examined for daily growth ridges and growth rates by marking the dissoconch shell with Alizarin red dye. The surface of the left valve of postlarvae was composed of concentric ridges, each consisting of a series of irregularly shaped raised nodules. Ridges were clear and distinct in newly settled scallop between ≈0.25 and 2.0 mm shell height. The shell of postlarvae >2 mm was pigmented and ribbed and ridges were no longer distinguishable. Estimated age was significantly correlated with actual age, suggesting that growth ridges were produced daily, under the environmental conditions of Passamaquoddy Bay. Mean growth rate ranged from 32 to 57 μm∙d−1 and was proportional to size and age, but growth of individual scallop showed no coherence in their daily growth patterns. The short-term growth ridges in postlarval giant scallop can be used to determine age and can be applied to comparative growth, mortality, and recruitment studies of newly settled individuals <2.0 mm (≈40 d old postsettlement). The high accuracy and precision of age determination for postlarval scallop differs from studies of short-term internal growth increments of bivalve shells and larval fish otoliths.

scholarly journals Enamel formation and growth in non-mammalian cynodonts

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 172293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel N. O'Meara ◽  
Wendy Dirks ◽  
Agustín G. Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Tooth Replacement ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Adult Growth ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals ◽  
Additional Explanation ◽  
Incremental Lines

The early evolution of mammals is associated with the linked evolutionary origin of diphyodont tooth replacement, rapid juvenile growth and determinate adult growth. However, specific relationships among these characters during non-mammalian cynodont evolution require further exploration. Here, polarized light microscopy revealed incremental lines, resembling daily laminations of extant mammals, in histological sections of enamel in eight non-mammalian cynodont species. In the more basal non-probainognathian group, enamel extends extremely rapidly from cusp to cervix. By contrast, the enamel of mammaliamorphs is gradually accreted, with slow rates of crown extension, more typical of the majority of non-hypsodont crown mammals. These results are consistent with the reduction in dental replacement rate across the non-mammalian cynodont lineage, with greater rates of crown extension required in most non-probainognathians, and slower crown extension rates permitted in mammaliamorphs, which have reduced patterns of dental replacement in comparison with many non-probainognathians. The evolution of mammal-like growth patterns, with faster juvenile growth and more abruptly terminating adult growth, is linked with this reduction in dental replacement rates and may provide an additional explanation for the observed pattern in enamel growth rates. It is possible that the reduction in enamel extension rates in mammaliamorphs reflects an underlying reduction in skeletal growth rates at the time of postcanine formation, due to a more abruptly terminating pattern of adult growth in these more mammal-like, crownward species.

The role of measurement error on the interpretation of otolith increment width in the study of growth in larval fish

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2204-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Pepin ◽  
J F Dower ◽  
H P Benoît
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Serial Correlation ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Increment Width ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Otolith Increment ◽  
Clear Increase

Patterns in increment widths and the associated measurement error were studied in the otoliths of radiated shanny (Ulvaria subbifurcata) larvae sampled from the field. Mean increment widths increased with larval age, whereas the relative measurement error decreased. Furthermore, the level of serial correlation in increment widths showed a clear increase with age. When measurement error was taken into consideration, the pattern of serial correlation indicates that an individual's growth increments did not show the effect of changes in local environmental conditions for at least 3 days, independent of age. Only after that period can we hope to detect the effect of environmental influences on increment widths (and by inference growth rates). The patterns of measurement error and serial correlation will have direct impacts on our ability to find the influence of environmental conditions on growth rates of individual larvae and determine patterns of selective loss in a population of larval fish.

Early Growth of Magpie Geese, Anseranas-Semipalmata - Sex-Differences and Influence of Egg Size

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Whitehead ◽  
WJ Freeland ◽  
K Tschirner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Seasonal Wetlands ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Wing Growth ◽  
Juvenile Males ◽  
Polygynous Mating System

The magpie goose, Anseranas semipalmata, is the most conspicuous and among the most numerous of waterfowl inhabiting the seasonal wetlands of tropical northern Australia. Modelling of juvenile growth rates of captive birds with the logistic equation showed that magpie geese grow at rates similar to the fast-growing anserine geese. High juvenile growth rates permit exploitation of seasonally favourable environments that, although highly productive, may deteriorate rapidly and unpredictably. Sex differences in juvenile growth patterns are consistent with pronounced sexual dimorphism in adult body size (larger males), which is associated with an unusual polygynous mating system. Although smaller, females grow relatively faster than males, so that at a given age they have completed a greater proportion of the pre-fledging growth phase; wing growth is particularly advanced and females fly earlier. Slower development may increase mortality among juvenile males when family groups are forced to abandon drying swamps, and contribute to skewing of the sex ratio towards females. Larger hatchlings from large eggs tend to maintain a size advantage, at least until fledging.

Larval Behavior and Protective Implications for Sea Scallops and Surf Clams within the Middle Atlantic Bight: Part Two, Variability of Physical Environment and Larval Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Larval Behavior ◽  
Larval Release ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Sea Scallops

Larval growth and settlement rates are important larval behaviors for larval protections. The variability of larval growthsettlement rates and physical conditions for 2006-2012 and in the future with potential climate changes was studied using the coupling ROMS-IMBs, and new temperature and current indexes. Forty-four experimental cases were conducted for larval growth patterns and release mechanisms, showing the spatial, seasonal, annual, and climatic variations of larval growthsettlement rates and physical conditions, demonstrating that the slight different larval temperature-adaption and larval release strategies made difference in larval growth-settlement rates, and displaying that larval growth and settlement rates highly depended upon physical conditions and were vulnerable to climate changes.

The missing links: larval and post-larval development of the ascoglossan opisthobranch Elysia viridis

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia D. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Algal Diet ◽  
Better Than

The stenophagous ascoglossan (=sacoglossan) opisthobranch Elysia viridis has long been a model organism for the study of endosymbiosis or kleptoplasty as well as one of the few herbivores to consume the introduced green macroalga Codium fragile on European shores. Larval and post-larval dynamics of the ascoglossan were investigated. Planktotrophic larvae of E. viridis grew at 5–10 μm d−1 (shell length) at 15°C on a unicellular algal diet (the cryptophyte Rhodomonas baltica); larvae became competent one month post-hatching. Effective feeding and chloroplast acquisition typically started within 2–3 d of metamorphosis. Slugs grew about 8 mm in the first month of post-larval life. During this period, juveniles held in the light did not grow faster or survive better than conspecifics held in the dark; thus, functional kleptoplasty did not occur during first three weeks of benthic life. While larval growth rates and the nature of metamorphic cues are consistent with those of many other opisthobranch species with planktotrophic larvae, measures of post-larval growth—particularly as it pertains to kleptoplasty—is a new contribution to opisthobranch biology.

scholarly journals 3D enamel profilometry reveals faster growth but similar stress severity in Neanderthal versus Homo sapiens teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate McGrath ◽  
Laura Sophia Limmer ◽  
Annabelle-Louise Lockey ◽  
Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg ◽  
Donald J. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Anterior Teeth

AbstractEarly life stress disrupts growth and creates horizontal grooves on the tooth surface in humans and other mammals, yet there is no consensus for their quantitative analysis. Linear defects are considered to be nonspecific stress indicators, but evidence suggests that intermittent, severe stressors create deeper defects than chronic, low-level stressors. However, species-specific growth patterns also influence defect morphology, with faster-growing teeth having shallower defects at the population level. Here we describe a method to measure the depth of linear enamel defects and normal growth increments (i.e., perikymata) from high-resolution 3D topographies using confocal profilometry and apply it to a diverse sample of Homo neanderthalensis and H. sapiens anterior teeth. Debate surrounds whether Neanderthals exhibited modern human-like growth patterns in their teeth and other systems, with some researchers suggesting that they experienced more severe childhood stress. Our results suggest that Neanderthals have shallower features than H. sapiens from the Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic, and medieval eras, mirroring the faster growth rates in Neanderthal anterior teeth. However, when defect depth is scaled by perikymata depth to assess their severity, Neolithic humans have less severe defects, while Neanderthals and the other H. sapiens groups show evidence of more severe early life growth disruptions.

scholarly journals Erratum: Corrigendum: Dinosaurian growth patterns and rapid avian growth rates

Nature ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 531 (7595) ◽  
pp. 538-538
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Erickson ◽  
Kristina Curry Rogers ◽  
Scott A. Yerby
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Patterns

scholarly journals Growth and body weight of free-range reindeer in western Alaska

Rangifer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg L. Finstad ◽  
Alexander K. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Average Body

Total body weight of 9749 reindeer calves and 4798 adult reindeer were measured from 1984 to 1999 on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska, USA. Growth rates of male and female calves, and annual growth patterns of adults were determined. Male calves grew faster than female calves. Reproductive females were lighter than non-reproductive females during summer but there was no effect of reproduction on average body weights the following winter. Adult males age 3-5 were heavier during summer than winter. Castrated males weighed the same as uncastrated males in summer, but were significantly heavier in winter, and did not display the large annual fluctuations in weight typical of reproductive males and females. Growth rates were higher and body weights greater in this herd than many other cir-cumpolar reindeer populations. We suggest these kinds of physiological indices should be used to monitor the possible effects of spatial and temporal variation in population density and to evaluate changes in herding practices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document