Seasonal food habits of marten in south-central Alaska

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 944-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Buskirk ◽  
Stephen O. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
South Central ◽  
Microtine Rodents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Habitat Niche ◽  
Local Densities ◽  
Clethrionomys Rutilus

Studies of the diet of marten (Martes americana) and the abundance and habitat associations of small mammals were conducted in south-central Alaska for 2 years. Marten were found to eat primarily arvicolid (= microtine) rodents. Other important food items were sciurid rodents, fruits, and birds. Strong seasonal variation in the importance of arvicolid rodents was associated with changes in their density as indicated by trapline capture success. Northern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys rutilus) dominated the diet of marten when they and other arvicolids were generally scarce, whereas tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) were the primary prey when arvicolids were abundant. Arvicolid species exhibited strong differences in habitat associations and habitat niche breadth. Red-backed voles were found in a wide range of habitat types, but tundra voles and meadow voles were limited to herbaceous and low shrub meadow habitats, where they attained high local densities. Similarities in patterns of prey preference by marten among several North American sites are described. The effects of patterns of habitat use by arvicolid rodents on the food habits of marten are discussed.

scholarly journals Interaction between dietary and habitat niche breadth influences cetacean vulnerability to environmental disturbance

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl S. Cloyed ◽  
Brian C. Balmer ◽  
Lori H. Schwacke ◽  
Randall S. Wells ◽  
Elizabeth J. Berens McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Environmental Disturbance ◽  
Habitat Niche

Paleoecological implications of Late Pleistocene and Holocene microtine rodents from the Bluefish Caves, northern Yukon Territory

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Morlan
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Microtine Rodents ◽  
Clethrionomys Rutilus ◽  
Tundra Vole ◽  
Dicrostonyx Torquatus

Bluefish Caves 1, 2, and 3 have produced tens of thousands of vertebrate remains among which at least nine species of microtine rodents are represented: red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rutilus; collared lemming, Dicrostonyx torquatus; brown lemming, Lemmus sibiricus; singing vole, Microtus miurus; tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus; meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus; yellow-cheeked or taiga vole, Microtus xanthognathus; muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus; and northern bog lemming, Synaptomys borealis. Late Pleistocene and Holocene components are clearly distinguishable from one another in each of the three caves, and each component can be subdivided within cave 1. This paper discusses (i) variations in taxonomic abundance through time and between site areas, (ii) contrasts in microhabitat between north-facing cave 1 and south-facing cave 2, and (iii) decreases in tooth size that may reflect a reduction in the length of the growing season. A general decrease in diversity is shown to involve increased dominance and decreased species richness and evenness. These changes are attributed to postglacial zonation of habitat.

Habitat use and abundance of deer mice: interactions with meadow voles and red-backed voles

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1870-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Galindo ◽  
Charles J. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Field Season ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clethrionomys Rutilus

In this study we investigated the influence of competitive interactions on the use of habitats and relative abundance of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). If interspecific competition is influencing the habitat use and relative abundance of deer mice, then removal or introduction of potential competitors will change habitat use and abundance of this species. During the first field season we removed meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) to look at the effect on the contiguous population of deer mouse. The removal of one species had no effect on the other species' distribution or demography. In the second field season, meadow voles declined to very low numbers and we used their natural fluctuation as a removal experiment. Deer mouse populations were not affected even when the natural decline of meadow voles was more effective in maintaining the sedge meadow free of voles than the previous removal manipulation was. During the 3rd year, meadow voles colonized two areas of forest where deer mice had been alone the previous two field seasons. Red-backed voles (Clethrionomys rutilus), in turn, increased from very low numbers in four grids. Neither meadow voles nor red-backed voles affected the spatial distribution or abundance of deer mice. The results of this study indicate that competitive interactions have no influence on the use of habitats and relative abundance of the common species of small mammals in the southwestern Yukon.

Empirical Prediction of Crustacean Zooplankton Biomass in Nutrient-Poor Canadian Shield Lakes

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
South Central ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shield Lakes

A comparison of the predictive power of nine existing empirical zooplankton biomass models indicated that lake water phosphorus concentration may be a better predictor of zooplankton biomass in Canadian Shield lakes than phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll a, midsummer epilimnetic temperature, mean surface water temperature, mean depth, and Carlson's trophic state index. To develop models specifically applicable to nutrient-poor Canadian Shield lakes, a variety of morphometric, chemical, and planktonic parameters were assessed for three consecutive years from 16 Canadian Shield lakes in south-central Ontario. Total nitrogen was the best univariate predictor of zooplankton biomass for data averaged over single ice-free seasons, but total phosphorus was the best predictor when data were averaged over the entire study period. Consideration of pH and maximum depth improved certain models. Total phosphorus is clearly a good predictor of (long-term) average zooplankton biomass in nutrient-poor lakes as it is in lakes exhibiting a wide range in trophic state.

Urban Native Food in Johannesburg

Africa ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Hellmann
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Free Play ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The One

There are two factors affecting the diet of urban Natives: on the one hand there is the expansive influence of assimilation to and adoption of European food habits, and on the other hand there is active a restrictive influence in the shape of poverty. The urban Native, through his close contact with European culture which residence in an urban environment inevitably entails, has been introduced to an extraordinarily wide range of new foodstuffs and new ways of preparing food. Consequently the range of his food desires has been much increased. But his desires are not allowed free play among this new and wide selection. The factor which narrows down his choice and curbs his desire is his poverty. The urban Native eats according to the capacity of his pocket and his food is usually the first item of expenditure which is marked out for especial economy.

scholarly journals Winter food habits of the Golden Jackal Canis aureus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in Patna Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 10656
Author(s):  
Khursid A. Khan ◽  
Jamal A. Khan ◽  
Narendra Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Golden Jackal ◽  
Scat Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Winter Food ◽  
Palm Civet ◽  
Vegetative Matter

Golden Jackal (Canis aurius indicus) survives in a wide range of environment. Its foraging adaptation varies according to quality and abundance of food sources. The food habits also fluctuate according to season and habitat. This study investigated the diet composition of Golden Jackal using scat analysis method collected between November 2012 and April 2013 from Patna Bird Sanctuary (PBS), Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 83 scats of Golden Jackal were collected and analysed. Sixteen food items were identified in Golden Jackal scats. Birds contributed maximum (ca. 38.92%) in Golden Jackal diet followed by rodents (ca. 12.14%), insects (ca. 8.92%), reptile (ca. 8.57%), vegetative matter (ca. 13.56%), rufous-tailed hare (ca. 6.07%), cattle (ca. 2.5%), squirrel (ca.1.42%), nilgai (ca.1.07%) and common palm civet (ca. 0.71 %). However (ca. 6.07 %) of prey items could not identified in Golden Jackal scats. Out of (ca. 38.92%) in bird’s contribution egret alone contributed about (ca.20.35%) in Golden Jackal diet followed by gargeny (ca. 8.93%), greater caucal (ca. 5.71%), babbler (ca.1.07%) and (ca. 2.85%) remains of birds were could not identified as per species level. This study is conducted to find out food habits of Golden Jackal and its impact on bird community structure.     

scholarly journals Analysis of the Values of Enset (Enseteventricosum) in The Socio-Cultural Life of Thegurage of South-Central Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshettu Tesfaye Retta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
South Central ◽  
Wide Range

Enset (Enseteventricosum) is a traditional multi-purpose crop mainly used as a staple/co-staple food crop over 20 million people in Ethiopia. The Gurage are sedentary agricultural people of patrilineal persuasion who speak a Semetic language and inhabit in a sparsely fertile semi-mountainous regionin south-central Ethiopia. Enset, their staple food crop, commonly called the “false banana plant”, is produced in abundance by each Gurage homestead. The objective of this study was to document the socio-cultural values of enset plant among the Gurage. In this study, a qualitative methodological approach is employed in extracting information from different sources on the subject in question. The study relied mainly on primary and secondary sources.According to findings, three types of food, viz, Kocho(fermented product from scraped pseudo stem grafted corm), Bulla(dehydrated juice), and Amicho (boiled corm) can be prepared from enset. As a food crop, it has useful attributes such as foods can be stored for long time, grow in wide range of environments, produces high yield per unit area and tolerates drought. It has irreplaceable role as a feed for animals. Enset starch is found to have higher and widely used as a tablet binder and dis-integrant and also in pharmaceutical gelling, drug loading and release processes. Moreover, enset shows high genetic diversity within a population which in turn renders resilience and food security against the ever-changing environmental factors and land use dynamics.Enset is totally involved in every aspects of the daily social and ritual life of the Gurage, who, with other several tribes in southwest Ethiopia, form what has been termed “the EnsetCulture Complex Area”. From birth, when the umbilicus is tied off with a fiber drawn from enset fronds, the life of the Gurage is enmeshed with various uses of enset, not the least of which is nutritional.

scholarly journals Integrating citizen science data with expert surveys increases accuracy and spatial extent of species distribution models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.J. Robinson ◽  
V. Ruiz-Gutierrez ◽  
M.D. Reynolds ◽  
G.H. Golet ◽  
M. Strimas-Mackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractInformation on species’ habitat associations and distributions, across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, are a fundamental source of ecological knowledge. However, collecting biological information at relevant scales if often cost prohibitive, although it is essential for framing the broader context of more focused research and conservation efforts. Citizen-science data has been signaled as an increasingly important source of biological information needed to fill in data gaps needed to make more comprehensive and robust inferences on species distributions. However, there are perceived trade-offs of combining highly structured, scientific survey data with largely unstructured, citizen-science data. As a result, the focus of most methodological advances to combine these sources of information has been on treating these sources as independent. The degree to which each source of information is allowed to directly inform a common underlying process (e.g. species distribution) depends on the perceived quality of the data. In this paper, we explore these trade-offs by applying a simplified approach of filtering citizen-science data to resemble structured survey data, and analyze both sources of data under a common framework. To accomplish this, we explored ways of integrating high-resolution survey data on shorebirds in the northern Central Valley of California with observations in eBird for the entire region that were filtered to improve their quality. The integration of survey data with the filtered citizen-science data in eBird resulted in improved inference and predictive ability, and increased the extent and accuracy of inferences on shorebirds for the Central Valley. The structured surveys were found to improve the overall accuracy of ecological inference based only on citizen-science data, by increasing the representation of data collected from high quality habitats for shorebirds (e.g. rice fields). The practical approach we have shown for data integration can be also be used to improve the efficiency of designing biological surveys in the context of larger, citizen-science monitoring efforts, ultimately reducing the financial and time expenditures typically required of monitoring programs and focused research. The simple processing and filtering method we present can be used to integrate other types of data (e.g. camera traps) with more localized efforts (e.g. research projects), ultimately improving our ecological knowledge on the distribution and habitat associations of species of conservation concern worldwide.

scholarly journals Multiscale cosmic web detachments, connectivity, and preprocessing in the supercluster SCl A2142 cocoon

2020 ◽  
Vol 641 ◽  
pp. A172
Author(s):  
Maret Einasto ◽  
Boris Deshev ◽  
Peeter Tenjes ◽  
Pekka Heinämäki ◽  
Elmo Tempel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Densities ◽  
The Universe

Context. Superclusters of galaxies and their surrounding low-density regions (cocoons) represent dynamically evolving environments in which galaxies and their systems form and evolve. While evolutionary processes of galaxies in dense environments are extensively studied at present, galaxy evolution in low-density regions has received less attention. Aims. We study the properties, connectivity, and galaxy content of groups and filaments in the A2142 supercluster (SCl A2142) cocoon to understand the evolution of the supercluster with its surrounding structures and the galaxies within them. Methods. We calculated the luminosity-density field of SDSS galaxies and traced the SCl A2142 cocoon boundaries by the lowest luminosity-density regions that separate SCl A2142 from other superclusters. We determined galaxy filaments and groups in the cocoon and analysed the connectivity of groups, the high density core (HDC) of the supercluster, and the whole of the supercluster. We compared the distribution and properties of galaxies with different star-formation properties in the supercluster and in the cocoon. Results. The supercluster A2142 and the long filament that is connected to it forms the longest straight structure in the Universe detected so far, with a length of approximately 75 h−1 Mpc. The connectivity of the cluster A2142 and the whole supercluster is C = 6 − 7; poor groups exhibit C = 1 − 2. Long filaments around the supercluster’s main body are detached from it at the turnaround region. Among various local and global environmental trends with regard to the properties of galaxies and groups, we find that galaxies with very old stellar populations lie in systems across a wide range of richness from the richest cluster to poorest groups and single galaxies. They lie even at local densities as low as D1 <  1 in the cocoon and up to D1 >  800 in the supercluster. Recently quenched galaxies lie in the cocoon mainly in one region and their properties are different in the cocoon and in the supercluster. The star-formation properties of single galaxies are similar across all environments. Conclusions. The collapsing main body of SCl A2142 with the detached long filaments near it are evidence of an important epoch in the supercluster evolution. There is a need for further studies to explore possible reasons behind the similarities between galaxies with very old stellar populations in extremely different environments, as well as mechanisms for galaxy quenching at very low densities. The presence of long, straight structures in the cosmic web may serve as a test for cosmological models.

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