Effects of environmental pH on the ionic composition of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant A. Fraser ◽  
Harold H. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Plasma Ions ◽  
Acid Tolerant

White sucker (Catostomus commersoni) exposed to soft water ([Ca2+] = 0.207 mequiv./L) below pH 5 showed [Na+] and [Cl−] losses, that were approximately the same in plasma and whole body. At pH 4.5 (6- to 19-day exposure), body and plasma [Na+] were approximately 17% lower than in white sucker held at pH 6.6, and 42% lower in fish at pH 4 (<2 days). Since plasma ions are known to be affected by handling stress, whole-body [Na+] and [Cl−] in fishes may be a more useful indicator of ionoregulation status under field conditions. Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) were clearly more acid tolerant, as indicated by greater survival and reduced ion loss in the same acid environments as white sucker. After 19 days exposure at pH 4.5, body Na+ was reduced by 8%; at pH 4 body Na+ was reduced by 38%. Hence, at pH 4, the net Na+ loss experienced by this acid-tolerant fish was similar to that observed in white sucker; however, the rate of loss in white sucker was 11-fold greater. White sucker in acidified, decarbonated hard water ([Ca2+] = 2.110 mequiv./L) at pH 4 (6 or 19 days), showed a 35% lower whole-body [Na+] than in fish held at pH levels of 4.5, 5, and 6.3; [Cl−] was 39% less. However, at pH 4 the ratio of whole-body Na+:Cl− losses was 1.4:1 in hard water and 1.08:1 in soft water. Total Na+ loss at pH 4 was similar to that in white sucker held at the same pH in soft water; however, the rate of loss in soft water was 15-fold greater.

Hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, plasma steroid hormone concentrations, and liver bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalent concentrations in wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) caged in bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1339-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. van den Heuvel ◽  
D. G. Dixon ◽  
K. R. Munkittrick ◽  
M. R. Servos ◽  
G. J. Van Der Kraak
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Toxic Equivalent ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp

Prespawning male white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), captured near Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior (exposed to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME)), and Mountain Bay (reference) were caged in the BKME receiving area for 2, 4, and 8 d. Initially, the hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was similar in fish from both BKME and reference sites and, upon BKME exposure, increased 20-fold at both sites after 2 d. The H4IIE cell culture bioassay was used to measure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent concentration (TEC) in sucker liver extracts. H4IIE bioassay-derived TECs from Jackfish Bay sucker showed no significant treatment differences; combined TECs for all treatments averaged 51.1 pg∙g−1. Mountain Bay sucker liver TECs were initially significantly less (4.64 pg∙g−1) than the Jackfish Bay TECs but did show a significant, fivefold increase when fish were exposed to effluent. Mountain Bay and Jackfish Bay 8-d BKME-exposed fish showed no uptake of TECs calculated from directly measured polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) during this exposure. The results suggest that PCDDs and PCDFs are not responsible for the mixed function oxidase induction observed. Handling stress caused rapid reduction of the plasma steroids testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, confounding any possible BKME effect.

Sulphate Entry into Soft-Water Fish (Salmo Gairdneri, Catostomus Commersoni) During Low Ambient pH Exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-109
Author(s):  
HELVE HŌBE
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Body Compartments

The physiological responses of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni Lacépede) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson), both reared in natural soft water, to a reduction in ambient pH were compared by simultaneous analyses of ion levels in various body compartments (plasma, muscle, whole fish) and net ion transfer rates. Following 24 h of exposure to acidified (H2SO4) natural soft-water, both species displayed a net influx of protons (or loss of base) and net losses of body Na+, Cl−, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and phosphate. The magnitude of ion loss from plasma was twice as large in the trout as in the sucker. Shifts of fluid from the extracellular to the intracellular fluid occurred in both species. Losses of ions from epaxial white muscle were small relative to intracellular ion losses from the rest of the body in both species. The most notable finding was the entry of sulphate into the body fluids of both species, accumulating primarily in plasma and in the intracellular compartment of sucker and trout, respectively. The possible mechanism(s) and implications of sulphate influx into fish are discussed.

Plasma ionic composition of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in some acidic rivers of Nova Scotia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2254-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles L. Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Hematocrit Level ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Laboratory Models

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts migrating from two acidic rivers (pH 4.9 and 5.2) had high hematocrit levels (> 50%) and low plasma [Cl−] (< 100mequiv. L−1). The hematocrit level was 10% higher and plasma [Na+] was 17% lower in smolts of the more acidic of the two rivers. Salmon parr in rivers of mean pH 5.0, 5.4, and 6.0 over a 7-month period had high hematocrit levels (> 40%) and low plasma [Cl−] (< 125 mequiv. L−1). Plasma [Na+] and [Cl] were both slightly less (~ 5%) and plasma [K+] was higher (> 1.5 times) in parr from the river of pH 5.0 than in those from the other two rivers. Atlantic salmon smolts were more sensitive to low pH (plasma [Na+] 14% less, [Cl] 17% less, and hematocrit level 37% higher) than parr, and parr of the 0+ age-class were more sensitive (plasma [Na+] 9% less) than 1+ parr. Prespawning white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) and alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) migrating in a river at pH 4.9 had high hematocrit levels and low plasma [Cl−], and alewives (hematocrit, 66%; plasma [Cl], 65 mequiv. L−1) were more severely affected than suckers (hematocrit, 42%; plasma [Cl−], 91 mequiv. L−1). Plasma [Ca2+] in females of both species was not greatly elevated relative to males (female/male [Ca2+] = 1.21 in suckers and 1.14 in alewives), suggesting a possible impairment of calcium metabolism associated with ovarian development. The physiological effects observed in fish inhabiting soft waters (external [Ca2+] < 0.10 mequiv. L−1) at pH levels of about 5.0 generally correlated well with the laboratory "models" of acid exposure in soft water.

Distribution of Waterfowl Broods in Sudbury Area Lakes in Relation to Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Water Chemistry

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (S1) ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. McNicol ◽  
M. Wayland
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Fishless Lakes ◽  
Invertebrate Prey ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Invertebrate Assemblages

We studied habitat selection by insectivorous waterfowl in 65 small lakes near Sudbury, Ontario. Data on environmental variables (pH, alkalinity, conductivity, calcium, total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and area), fish, and littoral macroinvertebrates indicated that the distribution of broods was influenced by differences in invertebrate prey assemblages in lakes with differing degrees of acid stress and types offish predation. Lakes ranged in pH from 4.2 to 7.7 (mean = 5.8); 40% were fishless, 43% were dominated by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) or white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) (YP/WS), and the remainder contained only small cyprinids, sticklebacks, or darters (C/S). Fishless lakes were more acid than lakes with fish. Compared with fishless lakes, C/S lakes had higher levels of DOC and YP/WS lakes were larger. Macroinvertebrate composition was strongly related to fish composition and suggested increasing predation along a gradient: fishless < C/S < YP/WS. pH-related variables distinguished lakes with a taxonomically rich benthos from those with a taxonomically poorer fauna. Insectivorous waterfowl selected fishless lakes over lakes with fish and C/S over YP/WS lakes. Lakes with species-rich, acid-sensitive invertebrate assemblages were not selected over those typified by species-poor, acid-tolerant ones.

Responses in a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Lifecycle Test and in Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to a Canadian Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy ◽  
Pierre H. Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Abstract To evaluate currently available bioassays for their use in investigating the causes of pulp and paper mill effluent effects on fish reproduction, the responses of wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected from the receiving environment at the bleached kraft mill at La Tuque, Quebec, were compared with responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to effluent in a laboratory lifecycle test. White sucker collected at effluent exposed sites had increased liver size but none of the reproductive effects that had been documented in earlier field studies at this site. Exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) in the lab led to significantly decreased length, but increased weight and liver size in male fathead minnow. Female length was also decreased and liver size was increased at high effluent exposures. Most effluent concentrations (1 to 30%) significantly increased egg production compared with controls. The fathead minnow lifecycle assay mirrored the effects seen in wild fish captured downstream of the BKME discharge. These results will be used to select short-term fish tests for investigating the causes of and solutions to the effects of mill effluents on fish reproduction.

Survival to hatching of fishes in sulfate-saline waters, Devils Lake, North Dakota

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Koel ◽  
John J. Peterka
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Devils Lake ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Species Survival

Laboratory-based bioassays were conducted to determine concentrations of sodium-sulfate type salinities that limit the hatching success of several fish species. Survival to hatching (SH) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in sodium-sulfate type waters from Devils Lake, North Dakota, of ≥ 2400 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) than in fresh water of 200 mg/L. In waters of 200, 1150, 2400, 4250, and 6350 mg/L TDS, walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) SH was 41, 38, 7, 1, and 0%; northern pike (Esox lucius) SH was 92, 68, 33, 2, and 0%; yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SH was 88, 70, 73, 0, and 0%; white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) SH was 87, 95, 66, 0, and 0%; common carp (Cyprinus carpio) SH was 71, 69, 49, 63, and 25%.

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