Population sizes of metazoan parasites of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a small Newfoundland lake

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Cone ◽  
P. M. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Almost All

The metazoan parasite community of fishes (Salvelinus fontinalis, Salmo salar, Gasterosteus aculeatus) in a small lake in central Newfoundland, Canada, was studied. It consisted of three components: parasites of salmonids (Salmincola spp., Discocotyle sagittata, Apophallus imperator, Diplostomum sp., Tetracotyle sp. 1, Cystidicoloides tenuissima, Eubothrium salvelini, Diphyllobothrium sp., glochidia), parasites of sticklebacks (Gyrodactylus avalonia, Tetracotyle sp. 2, Shistocephalus solidus), and parasites shared by salmonids and sticklebacks (Ergasilus sp., Metechinorhynchus lateralis, Crepidostomum farionis). Population estimates were made of the salmonid fishes by the Schnabel mark–recapture method. By multiplying infection prevalence × intensity × number of fish, population estimates were obtained for each species of salmonid parasite. This information revealed that S. fontinalis carries almost all of the salmonid parasite populations and that the seaward migration of S. salar at 2–5 years of age is an insignificant loss to the parasite community. It also revealed that the majority of the population of C. tenuissima, M. lateralis, and Ergasilus sp. is carried by the more abundant small fishes, while the majority of the population of D. sagittata, A. imperator, Tetracotyle sp. 1, and S. edwardsii is carried by the less abundant large hosts. Possible reasons for these two distributions are discussed.

Parasites of Freshwater and Anadromous Fishes from Matamek River System, Quebec

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hanek ◽  
Kalman Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
River System ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Pungitius Pungitius ◽  
Apeltes Quadracus ◽  
Catostomus Catostomus

In 224 fish of nine species from Matamek River system 38 genera of parasites were recovered (12 Protozoa, 3 Monogenea, 6 Digenea, 6 Cestoda, 6 Nematoda, 2 Acanthocephala, 3 Copepoda). Six genera of parasites were noted in Salmo salar, Salvelinus fontinalis harbored 17 genera, S. alpinus 5 genera, Osmerus mordax 4 genera, Anguilla rostrata 9 genera, Catostomus catostomus 8 genera, Apeltes quadracus 1 genus, Gasterosteus aculeatus 12 genera, and Pungitius pungitius 9 genera.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat overlap with wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in natural streams: do habitat and landscape factors override competitive interactions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1949-1959
Author(s):  
Scott D. Roloson ◽  
Kyle M. Knysh ◽  
Michael R.S. Coffin ◽  
Karen L. Gormley ◽  
Christina C. Pater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Habitat Overlap ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Natural Streams

The purpose of this study was to update rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) invasion status, delineate factors that increase the invasion probability, and quantify habitat overlap between invasive rainbow trout and native Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Analysis of landscape-level variables in 26 watersheds (14 with and 12 without rainbow trout) demonstrated that watershed slope, percent agricultural land use, and distance to the nearest rainbow trout population significantly increased the probability of rainbow trout establishment. Two independent reach-level fish community surveys were conducted by electrofishing in combination with habitat surveys. Reaches with rainbow trout had higher stream slope, Atlantic salmon were found in wider reaches with larger substrate, and brook trout were typically dominant in headwater reaches with finer substrate. Findings at multiple ecological scales illustrated that rainbow trout invasion success is positively influenced by the presence of high-slope habitat. Habitat separation of the three salmonid species indicates that competition with introduced rainbow trout may not be the most significant threat to native salmonid populations.

Adjuvant-Dependent Immunity and the Agglutinin Response of Fishes Against Aeromonas salmonicida, Cause of Furunculosis

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1290-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco C. Cipriano ◽  
Stephen W. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Extracellular Product ◽  
Experimental Challenge

Adjuvant-dependent immunity resulted in agglutinin activity against Aeromonas salmonicida in sera of convalescent fishes. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), brown trout (Salmo salar), and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) that had recovered from natural furunculosis produced serum agglutinin antibodies predominately against a specific chromatographic fraction (EcF1) of the bacterium's extracellular product. EcF1 was resolved by ion-exchange chromatography from DEAE SephadexA-25. When EcF1 was emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant and injected intraperitoneally, brook trout were protected against experimental challenge; brook trout vaccinated with EcF1 only were not protected against furunculosis. EcF1, examined by immunodiffusion tests, SDS – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blot immunoassays, shared certain properties with bacterial endotoxin. EcF1 and endotoxin preparations both contained immunoreactive lipopolysaccharides which indicated that adjuvant-dependent immunity to A. salmonicida is related to endotoxin.

Effects of Two Insecticides on the Vulnerability of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Parr to Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Predation

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Hatfield ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

The experiments were conducted in large outdoor concrete pools in which the salmon had access to a safe haven. After exposure for 24 hr to 1.0 ppm of the organophosphate insecticide, Sumithion, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were more vulnerable than unexposed fish to prédation by large brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Sumithion at 0.1 ppm, and DDT at 0.07 ppm, had no noticeable effect. The results, particularly for Sumithion, correlate well with previous laboratory work on the effect of insecticides on the learning ability of salmon.

Comparative Ecology and Behavior of Domestic, Hybrid, and Wild Strains of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, after Stocking

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lachance ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sexually Mature

Two years after planting in six small oligotrophic lakes, domestic, hybrid and wild strains of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, used space and food resources in the same way as native trout. Although trout living with or without white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, were similarly spatially distributed, they had different diets, suggesting a feeding niche shift of trout in the presence of sucker; we concluded that this shift is under phenotypic control because each planted strain came from similar genetic backgrounds. Sexual maturity was related to the size of individuals, regardless of the strain, and males matured before females. Almost all males and females were sexually mature in the first fall after stocking except wild females (3.0 and 75% matured during the first and second fall, respectively). Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of domestic and hybrid females were similar during the first fall, but the GSI of domestic females was significantly higher than that of hybrid and wild strains in the second fail. Mean egg diameters were similar among the three strains during the two falls, but fecundity of domestic females, after correction for size differences, was significantly higher than that of hybrid females which, in turn, was significantly higher than that of wild ones.

Interactions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis and Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Vermont tributaries of the Connecticut River

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Raffenberg ◽  
Donna L Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Competitive interactions among stream salmonids in resource-limited environments have been linked to reduced success for many species. Few studies have focused on interactions at scales larger than individual fish or stream reach. We chose to focus our study on these larger scales to provide information for managing species that have complex life histories transcending multiple scales. Our objective was to explore age-0 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth and survival in relation to trout abundance (introduced rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and native brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout) and prey resources at 24 stream reaches across two Vermont watersheds that flow into the Connecticut River. Simple linear and multilinear regressions were conducted on response and predictor variables related to fish and invertebrate prey. Age-0 Atlantic salmon survival was greatest at the site with highest trout abundance; however, no linear relationships to trout abundance were detected possibly because Atlantic salmon growth and survival were highly variable across sites. In contrast, a positive significant multivariate relationship was identified among age-0 Atlantic salmon survival, the abundance of age-1+ brook trout (i.e., 100–130 mm), and benthic prey abundance. These results suggest that stocking streams based on trout abundance may not increase Atlantic salmon growth and survival during the first summer of life.

Fyke Net Catches as Indices of the Abundance of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Fyke Nets

The catch per unit effort (CPUE) data of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in fyke nets set in two small lakes in central Newfoundland were compared with population densities estimated with Schnabel multiple mark–recapture experiments each spring and fall from 1978 to 1982. The catchability of brook trout did not differ significantly between lakes or seasons, and CPUE was an index of the relative abundance of trout within and between lakes. In contrast, the catchability of Atlantic salmon differed greatly between lakes and varied seasonally, being greater in the spring but less in the fall than the catchability of brook trout. Comparisons of relative salmon abundance between lakes or of the relative abundance of brook trout to Atlantic salmon within or between lakes require a correction for seasonal differences in the catchability of salmon.

Differences Between Two Populations of Landlocked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Newfoundland

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1585-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Leggett ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Oligotrophic Lake ◽  
Forage Fish ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Invertebrate Population ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Sexually Mature

Differences in growth rates, longevity, fecundity, and time of spawning between two populations of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Newfoundland were attributed to food quality and quantity. Salmon in Flatwater Pond, an oligotrophic lake with a poor invertebrate population and no forage fish, grew slowly (145 mm at age 2+, 245 mm at age 5+), suffered high mortality (approximately 60% in males after age 2+ and in females after age 3+), had very low fecundity (an average of 153 eggs per female), and were sexually mature by late August. Salmon in Gambo Pond, an oligotrophic lake with a good invertebrate population and an ample forage fish population in the form of Gasterosteus aculeatus, grew more rapidly reaching 157 mm at age 2+, 367 mm by age 5+, and 437 mm by age 8+. Longevity of the Gambo Pond stock was greater than that of Flatwater Pond (39.6% of the Gambo sample were older than 4+ years compared with 3.2% for Flatwater Pond). Gambo Pond salmon are not sexually mature until October.Salmon in both lakes exhibited seasonal movement into deeper water when the surface warmed above 14 C. At Flatwater Pond this movement contributed to an early end to the growing season.Scale reading was found to be an unreliable method for determining past spawning activity. Spawning marks were found on only 1 of 17 females known to have spawned previously.

Seasonal Depth Distributions of Landlocked Atlantic Salmon, Brook Trout, Landlocked Alewives, and American Smelt in a Small Lake

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1656-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Lackey
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Depth Distributions

Seasonal depth distributions of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), landlocked alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), and American smelt (Osmerus mordax) were determined monthly in Echo Lake, Maine, using vertical and horizontal gillnets.Salmon were wide-ranging fish, but generally not captured in very shallow or very deep water. Brook trout were primarily an inshore species, not often captured in water deeper than 25 ft, and nearly always found close to the lake bottom. The majority of captured alewives were taken from shallow to middepths (0–30 ft) in summer and fall and in deep water during winter and spring. Smelts were widely distributed, but the majority were captured in water deeper than 30 ft every month.No clear temperature or dissolved oxygen preference could be shown for any of the four species.

LA TOXICITÉ DU DDT POUR LE SAUMON DE L'ATLANTIQUE (SALMO SALAR LINNÉ) ET LES ALEVINS DE TRUITE (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS MITCHILL)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The relative sensitivity of brook trout fry, salmon fry, and 1- and 2-year-old parrs to known quantities of DDT was studied in hatchery-trough experiments with larger numbers of specimens than were used by previous workers. In troughs, in which part-time water circulation was achieved and DDT used at the rate of 0.5 lb./acre (0.32 p.p.m.), high mortality rates (93–100%) were recorded for salmon fry, trout fry, and 1-year-old parrs. Moreover, it was shown that group susceptibility decreases in the following manner: salmon fry > 1-year-old parrs > trout fry. In another series of experiments, under identical conditions, it was shown that sensitivity in salmon decreases with age. Using salmon fry, in troughs deprived of water circulation, a study was made of the effects of various concentrations of DDT: 0.33, 0.18, 0.072, and 0.036 p.p.m. corresponding to 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, and 0.05 lb. of DDT/acre, respectively. The average lethal dose (L.D. 50) was found to be 0.072 p.p.m. A comparison between two series of experiments shows how mixing of the DDT with water makes the poison more deadly than when used as a DDT–oil solution on the surface of water.

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