Acoustical repertoires and morphological differences in the ear of two Alsodes species (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2369-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Penna ◽  
S. Contreras ◽  
A. Veloso
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Mate Attraction ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Signal Divergence

Vocalizations, the sound-conducting apparatus, and acoustical receptors of the inner ear in two species of the anuran genus Alsodes are described. Alsodes nodosus emits a mating call and has a complete middle ear. Alsodes tumultuosus has a weak vocalization that is apparently not involved in mate attraction. This species lacks a tympanic ring and columella. Inner ear receptors are similar in their gross morphology in both species. Anatomical differences in sound-conducting structures may determine interspecific differences in auditory function corresponding with signal divergence.

Morphologic Changes in the Inner Ear of Chinchilla Laniger after Middle Ear Administration of Gentamicin in a Sustained-Release Vehicle

1999 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Hoffer ◽  
Ben J. Balough ◽  
Richard D. Kopke ◽  
Jenifer Henderson ◽  
Michael Decicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Morphologic Changes

Effects of Platelet Activating Factor on the Tubotympanic Mucosa and Inner Ear in the Guinea Pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Ohno ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohashi ◽  
Hideki Okamoto ◽  
Yoshikazu Sugiura ◽  
Yoshiaki Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

The effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) was studied to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss. The PAF alone did not induce a reduction of ciliary activity of the cultured middle ear mucosa. However, a dose-dependent decrease in ciliary activity was observed in the presence of the medium containing both PAF and macrophages. Intravenous injection of PAF did not induce dysfunction of the mucociliary system or morphologic changes of epithelium in the tubotympanum, but cytoplasmic vacuolization and ballooning were observed in the inner ear within 1 hour after injection of PAF. In contrast, intratympanic injection of PAF induced mucociliary dysfunction and some pathologic changes in the tubotympanum. Intratympanic inoculation of PAF induced no pathologic findings in the inner ear. These results suggest that PAF is at least partially involved in the pathogenesis of certain middle ear diseases such as otitis media with effusion. Additionally, PAF might be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss.

Common drugs used in ENT

2009 ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
Rogan Corbridge ◽  
Nicholas Steventon
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Membrane Perforation

Drugs used in the ear 348 Drugs used in the nose 349 Drugs used in the treatment of acid reflux 350 This group of drugs is widely used for the treatment of otitis externa. Otitis externa 2 drops tds for 10 days Presence of grommet or tympanic membrane perforation due to aminoglycoside ototoxicity in the inner ear. Risk thought to be low in the presence of active infection where the middle-ear mucosa is swollen and the antibiotic is unlikely to reach the inner ear via the round window...

Comparative aspects of auditory function in Australian anurans

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Loftus-Hills
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Threshold ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Sensitivity Peak ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

The auditory sensitivity of 17 species of Australian anurans was measured by recording responses of groups of midbrain auditory neurones to sound stimuli of different frequencies. In 14 species there are two peaks of maximal auditory sensitivity and in three species there are three peaks. In all species the sensitivity peak which occurred at the higher frequency corresponded to the frequency of the mating call. There is a significant correlation between the auditory threshold at this higher sensitivity peak and both head width and tympanum width.

scholarly journals Study on the Prosthesis Structural Design and Vibration Characteristics Based on the Conduction Effect of Human Middle Ear

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wu Ren ◽  
Huijuan Yan ◽  
Yi Yu ◽  
Jinghong Ren ◽  
Jinlong Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Sound Signal ◽  
Sound Perception ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Middle Ear Prosthesis

As a bridge from the sound signal in the air to the sound perception of the inner ear auditory receptor, the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of the middle ear transform the sound signal in the outer ear through two gas-solid and solid-liquid conversions. In addition, through the lever principle formed by three auditory ossicle structure, the sound was concentrated and amplified to the inner ear. However, the sound transmission function of the middle ear will be decreased by disease, genetic, or trauma. Hence, using middle ear prosthesis to replace the damaged ossicles can restore the conduction function. The function realization of middle ear prosthesis depends on the vibration response of the prosthesis from the tympanic membrane to the stapes plate on the human auditory perception frequency, which is affected by the way the prosthesis combined with the tympanic membrane, the material, and the geometric shape. In this study, reasonable prosthetic structures had been designed for different types of ossicular chain injuries, and the frequency response characteristics were analyzed by the finite element method then. Moreover, in order to achieve better vibration frequency response, a ball structure was designed in the prosthesis to simulate its amplification function. The results showed that the middle ear prostheses constructed by different injury types can effectively transfer vibration energy. In particular, the first- and second-order resonant frequencies and response amplitudes are close to each other when ball structure models of different materials are added. Instead, the resonance frequency of the third stage formed by aluminum alloy ball materials is larger than that of the other two, which showed good response features.

scholarly journals Influence of Middle Ear Immune Response on the Immunological State and Function of the Inner Ear

1992 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 177???181 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gloddek ◽  
Kerstin Lamm ◽  
K. Haslov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
And Function
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