Effects of experimental cochlear thrombosis on oxygenation and auditory function of the inner ear

1997 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Scheibe ◽  
H. Haupt ◽  
H. Baumg�rtl
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Auditory Function

Auditory function in women with autoimmune inner ear diseases and their offspring

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1702-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-qiang Tan ◽  
Wei-da Dong ◽  
Lang Guo ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Deng-yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Ear Diseases

Inner ear cholesteatoma and the preservation of cochlear function

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 945-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Gamoletti ◽  
Mario Sanna ◽  
Carlo Zini ◽  
Abdel-Kader Taibah ◽  
Enrico Pasanisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Hearing Preservation ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Cochlear Function ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Function Preservation

AbstractLabyrinthine destruction by direct cholesteatoma invasion has always been considered a serious threat to the inner ear function.A number of reports in the literature have cited both patients who had preservation of hearing despite widespread erosion of the labyrinth by cholesteatoma and patients who had retained auditory function despite surgical removal of the matrix from the labyrinth. In most cases the vestibular portion of the inner ear was invaded but cases of cochlear involvement have been described as well.Twelve cases with pre-operative auditory function preservation despite extensive labyrinthine destruction treated at our Institution are reported. Seven cases retained cochlear function post-operatively.Possible explanations of this occurrence and implications of related with hearing preservation in the presence of widespread inner ear destruction by chronic inflammatory disease are discussed.

scholarly journals Cisplatin-Induced Stria Vascularis Damage Is Associated with Inflammation and Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Jing Cai ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Wenwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Cell Junction ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Brainstem Response

The stria vascularis (SV) generates the endocochlear potential (EP) in the inner ear and is necessary for proper hair cell (HC) mechanotransduction and hearing. Cell junctions are indispensable for the establishment of compositionally distinct fluid compartments in the inner ear. Ototoxic drug cisplatin can damage SV and cause sensorineural hearing loss; however, the underlying mechanisms behind such injury are unclear. In this study, after the intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (3 mg/kg/day for 7 days) in mice, we determined the auditory function by EP recording and auditory brainstem response (ABR) analysis, observed the ultrastructure of SV by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and examined the expression and distribution of cell junction proteins by western blot, PCR, and immunofluorescence staining. We discovered that the EP was significantly reduced while ABR thresholds were significantly elevated in cisplatin-treated mice; cisplatin induced ultrastructural changes in marginal cells (MCs), endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, etc. We found that cisplatin insulted auditory function not only by reducing the expression of zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) in MCs of the SV but also by decreasing the expression of connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in MCs and basal cells (BCs). More importantly, cisplatin induced activations of perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocytes (PVM/Ms) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) as well as increased expressions of profibrotic proteins such as laminin and collagen IV in SV. Thus, our results firstly showed that cisplatin induced fibrosis, inflammation, and the complex expression change of cell junctions in SV.

scholarly journals Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Mitochondrial Apoptosis of Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Fibroblast Growth Factor 13 Knockout Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulou Yu ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Feng Luan ◽  
Guoqiang Gu ◽  
Ran Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Deafness is known to occur in more than 400 syndromes and accounts for almost 30% of hereditary hearing loss. The molecular mechanisms underlying such syndromic deafness remain unclear. Furthermore, deafness has been a common feature in patients with three main syndromes, the BÖrjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome, Wildervanck syndrome, and Congenital Generalized Hirsutism, all of which are characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the Fgf13 gene. Whether the pathogenesis of deafness in these syndromes is associated with the Fgf13 mutation is not known. To elucidate its role in auditory function, we generated a mouse line with conditional knockout of the Fgf13 gene in the inner ear (Fgf13 cKO). FGF13 is expressed predominantly in the organ of Corti, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), stria vascularis, and the supporting cells. Conditional knockout of the gene in the inner ear led to sensorineural deafness with low amplitude and increased latency of wave I in the auditory brainstem response test but had a normal distortion product otoacoustic emission threshold. Fgf13 deficiency resulted in decreased SGN density from the apical to the basal region without significant morphological changes and those in the number of hair cells. TUNEL and caspase-3 immunocytochemistry assays showed that apoptotic cell death mediated the loss of SGNs. Further detection of apoptotic factors through qRT-PCR suggested the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in SGNs. Together, this study reveals a novel role for Fgf13 in auditory function, and indicates that the gene could be a potential candidate for understanding deafness. These findings may provide new perspectives on the molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets for treatment deafness.

scholarly journals Plastin 1 widens stereocilia by transforming actin filament packing from hexagonal to liquid

2016 ◽  
Vol 215 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn F. Krey ◽  
Evan S. Krystofiak ◽  
Rachel A. Dumont ◽  
Sarath Vijayakumar ◽  
Dongseok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Hexagonal Packing ◽  
Sensory Hair Cells ◽  
Actin Protrusions ◽  
And Function

With their essential role in inner ear function, stereocilia of sensory hair cells demonstrate the importance of cellular actin protrusions. Actin packing in stereocilia is mediated by cross-linkers of the plastin, fascin, and espin families. Although mice lacking espin (ESPN) have no vestibular or auditory function, we found that mice that either lacked plastin 1 (PLS1) or had nonfunctional fascin 2 (FSCN2) had reduced inner ear function, with double-mutant mice most strongly affected. Targeted mass spectrometry indicated that PLS1 was the most abundant cross-linker in vestibular stereocilia and the second most abundant protein overall; ESPN only accounted for ∼15% of the total cross-linkers in bundles. Mouse utricle stereocilia lacking PLS1 were shorter and thinner than wild-type stereocilia. Surprisingly, although wild-type stereocilia had random liquid packing of their actin filaments, stereocilia lacking PLS1 had orderly hexagonal packing. Although all three cross-linkers are required for stereocilia structure and function, PLS1 biases actin toward liquid packing, which allows stereocilia to grow to a greater diameter.

Acoustical repertoires and morphological differences in the ear of two Alsodes species (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2369-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Penna ◽  
S. Contreras ◽  
A. Veloso
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Mate Attraction ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Signal Divergence

Vocalizations, the sound-conducting apparatus, and acoustical receptors of the inner ear in two species of the anuran genus Alsodes are described. Alsodes nodosus emits a mating call and has a complete middle ear. Alsodes tumultuosus has a weak vocalization that is apparently not involved in mate attraction. This species lacks a tympanic ring and columella. Inner ear receptors are similar in their gross morphology in both species. Anatomical differences in sound-conducting structures may determine interspecific differences in auditory function corresponding with signal divergence.

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