The allometric relationship between nucleus and cytoplasm in the salivary glands of Bradysia hygida

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1316
Author(s):  
Heid Sueli Leme dos Santos ◽  
André Ricciardi Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Allometric Relations ◽  
Fourth Larval Stage ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Allometric Relation ◽  
Dna Puffs ◽  
Bradysia Hygida

The volumetric relationship between nucleus and cytoplasm of the Bradysia hygida salivary gland cells was studied during development using an allometric relation. This relationship during the fourth larval stage is defined by a simple allometric relation. Cell growth, differentiation, and maturation during the fourth larval stage takes place in two distinct steps separated by an interphase occurring between the 6th and 8th day after the third moult. This interphase marks a critical time of development and coincides with the occurrence of DNA puffs on the polytene chromosomes of the glandular cells. Although the allometric coefficient does not change over two distinct developmental steps (k = 1), our observations support the hypothesis that the interphase observed in the allometric relations is subject to the appearance of DNA puffs and is related to functional changes in the gland.

scholarly journals Adolescent ethanol exposure decreases cholinergic markers, blunts behaviorally-evoked acetylcholine and increases in apical dendritic branching within the orbital frontal cortex.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T Kipp ◽  
Polliana T Nunes ◽  
Ewa Galaj ◽  
Brandon Hitchcock ◽  
Tanya Nasra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Spatial Memory Task ◽  
Cholinergic Projections

During adolescence, heavy binge-like ethanol consumption can lead to frontocortical structural and functional impairments. These impairments are likely driven by adolescence being a critical time point for maturation of brain regions associated with higher-order cognitive functioning. Rodent models of heavy binge-like ethanol exposure show consistent disruptions to the typical development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). All deep cortical layers receive cholinergic projections that originate from the Nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM) complex. These cholinergic projections are highly involved in learning, memory, and attention. Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure (AIE) induces cholinergic dysfunction as a result of an epigenetic suppression of the genes that drive the cholinergic phenotype. The current study used a model of AIE to assess structural and functional changes to the frontal cortex and NbM following binge-like ethanol exposure in adolescence. Western blot analysis revealed long-term disruptions of the cholinergic circuit following AIE: choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was suppressed in the NbM and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) was suppressed in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In vivo microdialysis for acetylcholine efflux during a spatial memory task determined changes in cholinergic modulation within the PFC following AIE. However, AIE spared performance on the spatial memory task and on an operant reversal task. In a second study, Golgi-Cox staining determined that AIE increased apical dendritic complexity in the OFC, with sex influencing whether the increase in branching occurred near or away from the soma. Spine density or maturity was not affected, likely compensating for a disruption in neurotransmitter function following AIE.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characteristics of the Dombrovska pit lake (Ukraine) formed in an opencast potassium salt mine and the genome response of Chironomus salinarius Kieffer (Chironomidae, Diptera) to these conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 446-458
Author(s):  
Paraskeva Michailova ◽  
Ewa Szarek-Gwiazda ◽  
Andrzej Kownacki
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Pit Lake ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Chironomus Salinarius

AbstractThis study focuses on the Dombrovska pit lake, near the city of Kalush in Ukraine, which is a former potassium salt mine filled with brine and freshwater. The water level is still increasing and as a result the salinity is decreasing. We analyzed the benthic fauna communities and the genome instability by assessing the rearrangements in the polytene chromosomes of Chironomus salinarius and the physicochemical parameters of the near-bottom water (pH, conductivity, mineralization, major ions, NO3−, NH4+, metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, and Fe) and sediment (pH, organic matter and metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe) at four sites. The water mineralization ranged from 17.3 to 26.2 g dm−3 which are classified as mesohaline and polyhaline waters, respectively. The biodiversity of the benthic fauna was low, and the dominant species was C. salinarius. The density of C. salinarius varied spatially and changed from 637 ind./m2 at a depth of 5 m to 8167 ind./m2 at a depth of 2.5 m. The genome instability was analyzed by examining the structural and functional changes in the salivary gland chromosomes of C. salinarius. The exposure of C. salinarius damaged the chromosomes and the activities of key structures, such as the Balbiani ring and nucleolar organizer, were partially or completely suppressed.

Indirect immune detection of ecdysone receptor (EcR) during the formation of DNA puffs in Bradysia hygida (Diptera, Sciaridae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Aparecida Candido-Silva ◽  
Daniela Palermo de Carvalho ◽  
Graciana Rodrigues Coelho ◽  
Jorge Cury de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Ecdysone Receptor ◽  
Dna Puffs ◽  
Immune Detection ◽  
Bradysia Hygida

scholarly journals Three-dimensional organization of Drosophila melanogaster interphase nuclei. II. Chromosome spatial organization and gene regulation.

1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1471-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hochstrasser ◽  
J W Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Specific Subset

In the preceding article we compared the general organization of polytene chromosomes in four different Drosophila melanogaster cell types. Here we describe experiments aimed at testing for a potential role of three-dimensional chromosome folding and positioning in modulating gene expression and examining specific chromosome interactions with different nuclear structures. By charting the configurations of salivary gland chromosomes as the cells undergo functional changes, it is shown that loci are not repositioned within the nucleus when the pattern of transcription changes. Heterologous loci show no evidence of specific physical interactions with one another in any of the cell types. However, a specific subset of chromosomal loci is attached to the nuclear envelope, and this subset is extremely similar in at least two tissues. In contrast, no specific interactions between any locus and the nucleolus are found, but the base of the X chromosome, containing the nucleolar organizer, is closely linked to this organelle. These results are used to evaluate models of gene regulation that involve the specific intranuclear positioning of gene sequences. Finally, data are presented on an unusual class of nuclear envelope structures, filled with large, electron-dense particles, that are usually associated with chromosomes.

Inhibition of Ostertagia ostertagi at the Early Fourth Larval Stage

1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Armour ◽  
F.W. Jennings ◽  
G.M. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Fourth Larval Stage

Development of DNA puffs and patterns of polypeptide synthesis in the salivary glands of Bradysia hygida

Chromosoma ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo M. Laicine ◽  
Maurílio A. R. Alves ◽  
Jorge C. de Almeida ◽  
Elizete Rizzo ◽  
Wander C. Albernaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Polypeptide Synthesis ◽  
Dna Puffs ◽  
Bradysia Hygida

scholarly journals Effect of lead on polytenic chromosomes from salivary glands of Chironomus Plumosus L. and Glyptotendipes Glaucus Mg. (Diptera, Chironomidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Belonogova ◽  
Natalia A. Durnova ◽  
Anna S. Sheremetyeva
Keyword(s):  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Activity Factor ◽  
Genetic Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Glyptotendipes Glaucus

Background. Experimental conditions allow to determine the structural and functional changes of polytene chromosomes under the influence of free ions of an individual metal. Materials and methods. C. plumosus (L.) and G. glaucus (Mg) larvae were placed in solutions of lead nitrate: 0.01, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/l. Exposure 12 h. Analysis of preparations of polytene chromosomes was carried out using the Carl Zeiss PrimoStar microscope. The functional activity factor of the nucleolus organizer (NOR), the coefficient of genetic activity of the Balbiani ring (BRR) was calculated. Results. Equations of the dependence of the change in the coefficients: NOR = 5,1870,01 lnC for C. plumosus and NOR = 2,110,03 lnC for G. glaucus; BRR = 1,5040,04 lnC for C. plumosus and BRR = 2,018 + 0,03 lnC for G. glaucus. Conclusion. With an increase in the concentration of lead in both C. plumosus and G. glaucus decreases NOR, which implies a decrease in the intensity of protein biosynthesis processes. BRR decreases in C. plumosus and increases in G. glaucus. The different genome reactions of the two species indicate the existence of different mechanisms of adaptation to lead ions

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