Environmental heterogeneity and life history variability in the freshwater clams, Pisidium variabile (Prime) and Pisidium compressum (Prime) (Bivalvia: Pisidiidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2841-2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Way ◽  
Thomas E. Wissing
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Age At First Reproduction ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Life History Characteristics ◽  
Freshwater Clams

The pisidiid clams, Pisidium variabile (Prime) and Pisidium compressum (Prime), from permanent ponds in southwestern Ohio are iteroparous, bivoltine, and have approximate longevities of 1 year. Intrapopulation differences in life history characteristics are discussed in relation to environmental heterogeneity. For the P. variabile population, only age at first reproduction (110 and 226 days for the spring and fall generations, respectively) is different for both annual generations. This is due to differences in environmental variables (temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, food availability) which set physiological limits on growth, reproduction, and maintenance functions. The spring and fall generations of P. compressum show differences in several life history characteristics: age at first reproductive (122 and 270 days, respectively), net reproductive rate (8.7 and 3.7, respectively), r (0.005 and 0.003, respectively), and the number of broods per year (2 and 1, respectively). The results of this study tend to question the validity of using current theories (e.g, r- and K-selection, bet-hedging) which attempt to predict the set of demographic characteristics that should be found in populations under varying environmental circumstances.

Inferring Biological Control Potential of Adult Predatory Coccinellids Using Life History Traits and Putative Habitat Preference

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2116-2120
Author(s):  
M Amin Jalali ◽  
M Reza Mehrnejad ◽  
Peter C Ellsworth
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Hippodamia Variegata

Abstract Aspects of the nutritional ecology and life histories of five predatory coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)—two arboreal predator species, Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Menetries) and Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus), and three herbaceous dwelling predator species, Coccinella undecimpunctata aegyptica (Reiche), Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson), and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)—were compared when fed either Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), the key psylla pest of pistachio trees, or Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a common aphid on herbaceous plants in pistachio orchards. The putative habitat preferences of four of the five coccinellids studied were consistent with their performance on the major herbivore present in those two habitats in terms of net reproductive rate. Oenopia conglobata contaminata and Ad. bipunctata showed higher net reproductive rates when fed on pistachio psylla prey, whereas C. undecimpunctata aegyptiaca and E. nigripennis had better reproductive output on aphid prey. Moreover, E. nigripennis was the most specialized of these generalist predators, eating more and reproducing better when fed aphids. Hippodamia variegata was relatively unaffected by the diet offered, suggesting greater ability to switch among herbivore prey and perhaps better potential as a biocontrol agent with abilities to exploit Ag. pistaciae without large life history tradeoffs.

Effects of vertebrate and invertebrate predators on the life history of Daphnia similis and Moina macrocopa (Crustacea: Cladocera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme Magalhães Santangelo ◽  
Bruno Nascimento Soares ◽  
Thecia Paes ◽  
Paulina Maia-Barbosa ◽  
Ralph Tollrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Tropical Lakes ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Moina Macrocopa ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Daphnia Similis ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproductive Rates

Cladocerans serve as prey for several aquatic predators like fish and Chaoborus larvae. However, because different predators consume different sized prey, cladocerans may display differing life-history responses depending on predator type. Although most studies use the genus Daphnia to evaluate phenotypic plasticity in cladocerans, other genera might also respond to predator infochemicals. In this study, we compared life-history responses of Daphnia similis and Moina macrocopa to infochemicals released by a vertebrate (fish) and an invertebrate (Chaoborus) predator. As expected, some life-history parameters were altered depending on the type of predator. Overall, fish infochemicals increased the size at primipara, clutch size, net reproductive rate and longevity in both cladocerans. We argue that increased body lengths in the presence of fish promote bigger clutch sizes. Conversely, responses to Chaoborus were weaker, affecting only the net reproductive rates and longevity. Non-daphniid cladocerans may display similar responses to Daphnia when exposed to predators. However, as Daphnia is usually underrepresented in tropical lakes, studying other genera might offer new insights into predator-prey relationships and food webs in lake ecosystems.

Relations Among Net Reproductive Rate and Life History Parameters for Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Immature Fish

An equation is derived that relates net reproductive rate to six life history parameters; the equation is applied to determine changes in the net reproductive rate of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) that result from variation in these life history parameters. Changes in age at maturity and survival of immature fish are the only parameters that have a large effect on the net reproductive rate. Age at maturity occurs near the inflection of the growth curve, and this implies a relationship between age at maturity, length at maturity, the growth coefficient, and asymptotic length.

Effect of warming with temperature oscillations on a low-latitude aphid,Aphis craccivora

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Yu Chen ◽  
Ming-Chih Chiu ◽  
Mei-Hwa Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Temperature Oscillations

AbstractTo estimate the net effect of climate change on natural populations, we must take into account the positive and negative effects of temperature oscillations and climate variability. Warming because of climate change will likely exceed the physiological optima of tropical insects, which currently live very close to their thermal optima. Tropical insects will be negatively affected if their optima are exceeded otherwise warming may affect them positively. We evaluate the demographic responses of the cowpea aphid,Aphis craccivora, to summer warming in subtropical and tropical Taiwan, and examine the effects of diel temperature oscillation on these responses. Aphids were reared at four temperatures (current summer mean, +1.4, +3.9 and +6.4 °C), the latter three simulating different levels of warming. At each average temperature, aphids experienced constant or oscillating (from −2.9 to +3.6 °C of each mean temperature) regimes. As the simulated summer temperatures increased, so did the negative effects on life-history traits and demographic parameters. Compared with aphids reared in constant temperatures, aphids reared in oscillating temperatures developed more slowly and had a longer mean generation time, but their net reproductive rate was higher. These findings demonstrate that climate warming will affect demographic parameters and life-history traits differentially. Studies that use constant temperatures are unlikely to accurately predict biotic responses to climate change.

scholarly journals Life History Evaluation of Ooencyrtus lucidus, a Newly Described Egg Parasitoid of Bagrada hilaris

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Thomas M. Perring
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference

Ooencyrtus lucidus Triapitsyn & Ganjisaffar (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was recently recovered from fresh sentinel eggs of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in California. In the present study, life history traits of O. lucidus were studied at 26 ± 0 . 5 ∘ C, 40 ± 10 % RH, and a photoperiod of 14 L: 10 D hours. Results showed that 95.2% of the parasitized eggs yielded successful emergence of adults. The total immature developmental time was 14.27 and 13.95 days for females and males, respectively. The sex ratio of O. lucidus was 0.5 (females/offspring). Mated females laid on average 6.0 eggs per day and 222.7 eggs during their mean ovipositional period of 37.3 days. There was no significant difference in reproduction parameters between mated and non-mated females. The net reproductive rate ( R 0 ) was 103.8 females/female/generation, the intrinsic rate of increase ( r m ) was 0.171 females/female/day, the finite rate of increase ( λ ) was 1.187 population multiplication/day, the mean generation time (T) was 27.1 days, and the doubling time (DT) was 4.0 days. The highest longevity was observed in mated and non-mated females fed with honey, and they lived for 70.8 and 70.1 days, respectively. Providing females with host eggs in addition to honey, reduced their longevity by 24% in mated and 28% in non-mated individuals. Non-mated females and males deprived of honey only lived for 3.5 and 2.5 days after emergence, respectively. Our results indicate that O. lucidus has sufficient life history traits to make it a promising egg parasitoid for the biological control of B. hilaris.

scholarly journals Effects of Five Host Plant Species on the Life History and Population Growth Parameters of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Hong ◽  
Hong-Liang Han ◽  
Po Pu ◽  
Dong Wei ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important agricultural pest with a wide range of host plants. To study effects of host species on the life history traits of M. persicae, aphids were individually reared on five host plants: Brassica campestris L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), Capsicum annuum L. (Tubiflorae: Solanaceae), Nicotiana tabacum L. (Tubiflorae: Solanaceae), Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), and Vicia faba L. (Rosales: Leguminosae). TWOSEX-MSchart software was used for the statistical analysis according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that the shortest preadult stage and adult/total prereproductive period of M. persicae were 6.48, 0.19, and 6.67 d on V. faba, respectively. While the adult and total longevity of M. persicae on R. sativus (25.00 and 31.62 d) and N. tabacum (24.40 and 30.56 d) were significantly longer than that on the other three hosts, as was the reproductive period. The fecundity of M. persicae on R. sativus (80.83 nymphs per female), N. tabacum (71.72 nymphs per female), and V. faba (70.39 nymphs per female) was also greater than that on B. campestris and C. annuum. It was demonstrated that V. faba, R. sativus, and N. tabacum were more suitable plants for the growth of M. persicae exhibiting a shorter preadult stage, longer longevity, and greater fecundity than the remaining two species, as confirmed by the higher intrinsic rate of increase and net reproductive rate.

Origin of relation between K and Linf and synthesis of relations among life history parameters

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Parameter ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Asymptotic Size

Four patterns occur in growth and mortality parameters across species of fish. Three of these relations, Mxm = 1.65, M = 1.50K, and L(xm) = 0.66Linf where M is natural mortality, xm is age at maturity, L(xm) is length at maturity, and Linf is asymptotic length, were previously shown to result from optimization of the age at maturity. In this study the fourth relation, that between asymptotic size and the growth coefficient, Linf = CK-h, was obtained from a bioenergetic growth equation. A numerical value of h = 0.33 was predicted, and this agrees with the observed value. The relation between the growth coefficient K and size Linf results from the limited amount of assimilated food that must be used both for growth and body functions, and the body functions are a function of body size. The four Beverton and Holt invariants, together with the net reproductive rate, relate many life history parameters to a metabolic parameter and mortality.

Bionomics of Glycyphagus domesticus (de Geer) (Acarina: Glycyphagidae), a pest of stored grain

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Tyrophagus Putrescentiae ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Reproductive Rates

The life history and reproductive rates of Glycyphagus domesticus (de Geer) were examined at different temperatures and two humidities. Most rapid development of the eggs occurred at 24.4 °C; the optimum temperature for the post-embryonic stages was 22.2 °C. A higher percentage of hypopi were formed at 70 to 75% than at 95 to 100% relative humidity. G. domesticus has a net reproductive rate of over 20, which was intermediate between those of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) and Aëroglyphus robustus (Banks).

scholarly journals PARAMETER KEHIDUPAN DAN DEMOGRAFI KEPIK, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) PADA DUA VARIETAS LADA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
I WAYAN LABA ◽  
AUNU RAUF ◽  
UTOMO KARTOSUWONDO ◽  
M. SOEHARDJAN M. SOEHARDJAN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
Lace Bug

ABSTRAK<br />Kepik renda lada (KRL), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera:<br />Tingidae) adalah salah satu hama pada pertanaman lada di Indonesia.<br />Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan berbagai parameter kehidupan<br />dan demografi KRL pada dua varietas lada. Pengaruh varietas lada<br />terhadap parameter kehidupan dan demografi KRL diteliti di rumah kasa<br />dan pertanaman lada di Pulau Bangka, sejak Oktober 2003 hingga Februari<br />2004. Penelitian mencakup pengaruh varietas Chunuk dan LDL terhadap<br />masa perkembangan telur dan nimfa, lama hidup imago jantan dan betina,<br />serta keperidian. Selain itu juga diteliti pengaruh fase bunga, pucuk daun,<br />dan buah muda terhadap lama hidup imago. Pengaruh varietas terhadap<br />berbagai parameter demografi KRL dipelajari dengan memelihara kepik<br />dari sejak telur hingga imago yang muncul meletakkan telur kembali.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan varietas mempengaruhi<br />berbagai parameter kehidupan KRL. Lama perkembangan nimfa 17,3 dan<br />13,0 hari, lama hidup imago jantan 10,2 dan 18,8 hari, lama hidup imago<br />betina 13,6 dan 16,9 hari, keperidian 13,9 dan 24,5 butir, berturut-turut<br />pada varietas Chunuk dan LDL. Imago KRL hidup lebih lama pada bunga<br />fase-3 dibandingkan pada bunga fase-1 atau-2. Laju pertambahan intrinsik<br />(r) 0,0741 dan 0,0827; laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) 6,98 dan 8,52, masa<br />generasi (T) 26,21 dan 25,91; laju pertambahan terbatas (λ) 1,0769 dan<br />1,0862 berturut-turut pada varietas Chunuk dan LDL. Secara keseluruhan,<br />varietas LDL lebih mendukung kehidupan dan perkembangan populasi D.<br />hewetti. Jika tidak tersedia bunga lada KRL mampu bertahan hidup dengan<br />mengisap pucuk daun dan buah muda. Lama hidup imago 12,1 hari dan<br />23,5 hari pada buah muda. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah<br />informasi dasar dalam penelitian untuk pengendalian KRL.<br />Kata kunci: Lada, Piper nigrum L., hama, kepik renda lada, Diconocoris<br />hewetti, parameter kehidupan, demografi, Propinsi Bangka<br />Belitung<br />ABSTRACT<br />Life parameters and demographic of bug peper lace<br />Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on two<br />pepper varieties<br />Pepper lace bug (PLB), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera:<br />Tingidae), is one of the insect pests attacking pepper in Indonesia.<br />Research was conducted with the objective to compare various life history<br />and demographic parameters of PLB on two pepper varieties. The effect<br />of two pepper varieties on various life parameters and demographic of<br />PLB was conducted in green house and farmer field on Bangka Island,<br />since October 2003 to February 2004. The experiment covered the effect<br />of LDL and Chunuk varieties on eggs and nymphal development, male<br />and female adults longivity and fecundity. Besides the effect of<br />development stage on inflorescence, shoots and young berries to adults<br />longivity were observed. The effect of varieties to demographic parameters<br />of PLB was studied by rearing the bugs since egg to adult laid eggs. The<br />result revealed that difference variety was influenced life history and<br />demographic parameters of PLB. Nymphal development time of PLB were<br />17.3 and 13.0 days, male adult longivity 10.2 and 18.8 days, female adult<br />longivity 13.6 and 16.9 days, fecundity 13.9 and 24.5 eggs per female,<br />respectively on Chunuk and LDL. The life history of PLB adult was longer<br />on stage-3 inflorescences than stage-1 or stage-2. The intrinsic rates of<br />increase (r) were 0.0741 and 0.0827, net reproductive rate (Ro) 6.98 and<br />8.52, mean generation time (T) 26.21 and 25.91 days, finite rate of<br />increase  (λ)  1.0769  and  1.0862  on  Chunuk  and  LDL<br />respectively.Generally, variety LDL was much better food source for the<br />development of D. hewetti. If there were no inflorescences available, the<br />PLB was able to survive by feeding on shoots or young berries. Adult<br />longivity was 12.1 days on shoots and 23.5 days on young berries. The<br />implication of this research is as the basic information in the next research<br />for PLB control.<br />Key words : Pepper, Piper nigrum L., pest, lace bug, Diconocoris hewetti,<br />life parameters, demographic, Bangka Belitung Province

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