The effects of mebendazole on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2616-2623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Spence ◽  
Kathleen M. B. Malone ◽  
Marie M. A. Novak ◽  
Robin A. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
L1 And L2

Mebendazole inhibits the growth, reproductive capacity, and motility of Caenorhabditis elegans. Maximum reduction of length (50%) and volume (80%) was observed at 6.25 μg/mL mebendazole. At this concentration vulva formation was delayed by 18 h and egg production was reduced from 8 eggs/worm per hour to less than 1. The critical period for the effect of mebendazole on length was from 40 to 50 h after hatching. The drug did not affect the viability of eggs, larvae, or adults. L1 and L2 larvae were motile in the presence of mebendazole (6.25 μg/mL); paralysis became apparent during the L3 and was complete in L4 and adult stages. Paralysed worms coiled into a ring and moved feebly and spasmodically. The first two moults occurred at the same time in control and treated worms, the L3/L4 and L4/adult moults were delayed by less than 1 h in the presence of the drug. Evidence is presented that these observed effects are caused by mebendazole and were not the consequence of partial starvation resulting from paralysis.

scholarly journals Effects of sugars and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Wang ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Wenli Wang ◽  
Sihan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
High Stearic Acid ◽  
Excessive Intake

AbstractExcessive intake of carbohydrates and fats causes over-nutrition, leading to a variety of diseases and complications. Here, we characterized the effects of different types of sugar and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans. We measured the lifespan, reproductive capacity, and length of nematodes after sugars and lipids treatment alone and co-treatment of sugars and lipids. Furthermore, by using transcriptome sequencing technology, we studied the mechanisms underlying the damaged caused by high-sucrose and high-stearic acid on C. elegans. The results showed that a certain concentration of sugar and lipid promoted the growth and development of nematodes. However, excessive sugars and lipids shortened the lifespan and length of nematodes and destroyed their reproductive capacity. Based on the results of the orthogonal test, we selected 400 mmol/L sucrose and 500 μg/mL stearic acid to model a high-sugar and high-lipid diet for C. elegans. High-sugar and high-lipid intake altered the expression of genes involved in biofilm synthesis, genes that catalyze the synthesis and degradation of endogenous substances, and genes involved in innate immunity, resulting in physiological damage.

The Benefits of Biotreatment for Reducing the Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents on Fish Reproduction in Laboratory Tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Martel ◽  
Tibor Kovacs ◽  
Virginie Bérubé
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Gonad Size

Abstract Pulp and paper mill effluents have been reported to cause changes in reproductive indicators of fish in laboratory and field studies. These changes include reduced egg production and gonad size, and altered hormone levels and expression of secondary sex characteristics. We examined the performance of biotreatment plants for their potential in abating effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on fish reproduction under laboratory conditions. A bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) treated in an aerated lagoon and a thermomechanical pulp mill effluent (TMPE) treated by aerobic sludge in a sequential batch reactor were selected for study. Mature fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to effluents before and after biotreatment under continuous renewal conditions for 21 days. Egg production was monitored daily, while morphometric parameters (length, weight, gonad size), secondary sexual characteristics, and steroid hormone and vitellogenin levels were measured at the end of the effluent exposure. The effluent from both mills before biotreatment impaired the reproductive capacity of minnows (egg production) at concentrations of 10 and 20% vol/vol, but not at 2% vol/vol. Exposure to biotreated effluents from both mills at concentrations of 2, 10, 20, and 40% vol/vol caused no significant differences in overall reproductive capacity of minnows as compared with controls. These results indicate that biotreatment can significantly improve the quality of a BKME and an effluent from a TMP mill with respect to the reproductive capacity of fish as determined in laboratory tests.

scholarly journals The role of Caenorhabditis elegans sex-determination homologs, Mi-sdc-1 and Mi-tra-1 in Meloidogyne incognita

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Baniya ◽  
Soumi Joseph ◽  
Larry Duncan ◽  
William Crow ◽  
Tesfamariam Mengistu
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractSex determination is a key developmental event in all organisms. The pathway that regulates sexual fate has been well characterized at the molecular level in the model free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This study aims to gain a preliminary understanding of sex-determining pathways in a plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and the extent to which the roles of the sex determination genes are conserved in a hermaphrodite species, C. elegans, and plant-parasitic nematode species, M. incognita. In this study, we targeted two sex-determining orthologues, sdc-1 and tra-1 from M. incognita using RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi was performed by soaking second-stage juveniles of M. incognita in a solution containing dsRNA of either Mi-tra-1or Mi-sdc-1 or both. To determine the effect of RNAi of the target genes, the juveniles treated with the dsRNA were inoculated onto a susceptible cultivar of cowpea grown in a nutrient pouch at 28 °C for 5 weeks. The development of the nematodes was analyzed at different time points during the growth period and compared to untreated controls. Our results showed that neither Mi-sdc-1 nor Mi-tra-1 have a significant role in regulating sexual fate in M. incognita. However, the silencing of Mi-sdc-1 significantly delayed maturity to adult females but did not affect egg production in mature females. In contrast, the downregulation of Mi-tra-1 transcript resulted in a significant reduction in egg production in both single and combinatorial RNAi-treated nematodes. Our results indicate that M. incognita may have adopted a divergent function for Mi-sdc-1 and Mi-tra-1distinct from Caenorhabditis spp. However, Mi-tra-1 might have an essential role in female fecundity in M. incognita and is a promising dsRNA target for root-knot nematode (RKN) management using host-delivered RNAi.

scholarly journals Effects of excess sugars and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Wang ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Wenli Wang ◽  
Sihan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Growth And Development

Sex-manipulated Ascaris suum infections in pigs: implications for reproduction

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. JUNGERSEN ◽  
L. ERIKSEN ◽  
P. NANSEN ◽  
H.-P. FAGERHOLM
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Way

In spite of the vast distribution and considerable impact on human and animal health of Ascaris suum and A. lumbricoides, little is known of the sexual biology and reproductive capacity of these intestinal nematodes. By oral transfer of adult female worms to previously parasite-naive pigs we show that in the absence of males the egg production ceases after 2–3 weeks. Such females readily resume egg production a few days after oral transfer of male worms. These observations throw light on an important aspect of Ascaris biology, but also pave the way for possible experimental interbreeding between the human and pig Ascaris species.

Comparison of reproductive capacity among univoltine, semivoltine, and re-emerged parent spruce beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matthew Hansen ◽  
Barbara J. Bentz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Parent Groups ◽  
Spruce Mortality

AbstractNew spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), adults of univoltine and semivoltine life cycles, as well as re-emerged parent beetles, were laboratory-tested for differences in reproductive capacity and brood characteristics. Parameters measured from the three groups include dry weight, lipid content, and egg production. Brood characteristics measured include egg length, development rates, and survival densities. Although there were some differences in dry weight and lipid content, females from the univoltine, semivoltine, and re-emerged parent groups did not greatly differ in egg production. Egg length was slightly smaller for eggs from univoltine parents, but other measured brood characteristics did not differ among the three parent groups, including the density of the surviving brood. In a field study, re-emerged parent beetles were determined to be flight capable. These findings imply that populations with univoltine broods will have higher growth rates than semivoltine populations. Consequently, the presence of univoltine broods, which is weather dependent, increases the risk of a beetle outbreak or can accelerate the rate of spruce mortality in an established outbreak. These results also indicate that re-emerged parent beetles can contribute substantially to brood production. Suppression strategies can be more effective if managers consider the ecological consequences of brood production from the three parent groups.

scholarly journals A novel sphingolipid-TORC1 pathway critically promotes postembryonic development in Caenorhabditis elegans

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhu Zhu ◽  
Huali Shen ◽  
Aileen K Sewell ◽  
Marina Kniazeva ◽  
Min Han
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Branched Chain

Regulation of animal development in response to nutritional cues is an intensely studied problem related to disease and aging. While extensive studies indicated roles of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) in sensing certain nutrients for controlling growth and metabolism, the roles of fatty acids and lipids in TOR-involved nutrient/food responses are obscure. Caenorhabditis elegans halts postembryonic growth and development shortly after hatching in response to monomethyl branched-chain fatty acid (mmBCFA) deficiency. Here, we report that an mmBCFA-derived sphingolipid, d17iso-glucosylceramide, is a critical metabolite in regulating growth and development. Further analysis indicated that this lipid function is mediated by TORC1 and antagonized by the NPRL-2/3 complex in the intestine. Strikingly, the essential lipid function is bypassed by activating TORC1 or inhibiting NPRL-2/3. Our findings uncover a novel lipid-TORC1 signaling pathway that coordinates nutrient and metabolic status with growth and development, advancing our understanding of the physiological roles of mmBCFAs, ceramides, and TOR.

scholarly journals Changes in the Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Gonadal Axis Across Three Differentially Selected Strains of Laying Hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Hanlon ◽  
Kayo Takeshima ◽  
Grégoy Y. Bédécarrats
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Early Maturation

Genetic selection for earlier sexual maturation and extended production cycles in laying hens has significantly improved reproductive efficiency. While limited emphasis has been placed on the underlying physiological changes, we hypothesize that modifications in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis have occurred. Thus, three strains of White leghorn derivatives were followed from hatch to 100 weeks of age (woa), including Lohmann LSL-lite (n = 120) as current commercial hens, heritage Shaver White leghorns (n = 100) as 2000s commercial equivalents, and Smoky Joe hens (n = 68) as 1960s commercial equivalents. Body weight (BW) and egg production were monitored, and blood samples were collected throughout to monitor estradiol (E2) concentrations. Tissue samples were collected at 12, 17, 20, 25, 45, 60, 75, and 100 woa to capture changes in mRNA levels of key genes involved in the HPG axis and monitor ovarian follicular pools. All hens, regardless of strain, age or photoperiod laid their first egg within a 64-gram BW window and, as E2 levels increased prior to photostimulation (PS) in Lohmann and Shaver hens, a metabolic trigger likely induced sexual maturation. However, increased levels of Opsin 5 (OPN5) were observed during the maturation period. Although an elevation in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone I (GnRH-I) mRNA levels was associated with early maturation, no changes in gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) mRNA levels were observed. Nonetheless, a significant shift in pituitary sensitivity to GnRH was associated with maturation. Throughout the trial, Lohmann, Shaver, and Smoky Joe hens laid 515, 417, and 257 eggs, respectively (p < 0.0001). Results show that the extended laying persistency in Lohmann hens was supported by sustained pituitary sensitivity to GnRH-I, recurrent elevations in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) mRNA levels, and five cyclical elevations in E2 levels. This was also associated with a consistently higher pool of small white ovarian follicles. In summary, our results demonstrate first that, regardless of photoperiodic cues, meeting a specific narrow body weight threshold is sufficient to initiate sexual maturation in Leghorn chicken derivatives. Furthermore, recurrent increases in E2 and FSH may be the key to sustain extended laying period, allowing modern layers to double their reproductive capacity compared to their 1960s-counterparts.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic features of protein metabolism in hens of eggs production direc-tion

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
B. Kyryliv
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Gastrointestinal Mucosa ◽  
Amine Nitrogen ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme

We have studied the dynamics of growth and development of chicken egg production of line cross “Hayseks brown” from day age to the age of peak performance. During the experiment, the study of the intensity of metabolic processes in the body of 6, 35, 90, 120, and 150 day-olds, i.e., in critical periods when there is intense growth of feathers and juvenile molten (30–60 days), the beginning of the oviposition (120 days) and the beginning of an intensive oviposition (150 days). In these age periods, the level of soluble proteins, amine nitrogen, and the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were determined in liver tissues, cuticles of the muscular stomach, gastrointestinal mucosa, gastrointestinal mucosa, duodenum and pancreas. As a result of the research, it was found that the intensity of the growth of chickens is different from the recommendation for the “Hayseks Brown” cross. Only at the age of 119–126 days growing the body weight of the reared chickens coincides with the recommended technology for hens of the cross “Hayseks Brown”. The results of biochemical studies are related to changes in the physiological state and magnitude of gains. During the growth of repair young poultry, in the critical periods of growth and development, it is necessary to deliberately affect the processes of protein metabolism by enhancing the processes of digestion and assimilation of nutrients and biologically active substances of fodder and the sufficient introduction of free amino acids by the use of exogenous enzyme preparations.

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