Survival and delayed breeding in male blue grouse

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1881-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Lewis ◽  
Fred C. Zwickels
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Survival Patterns

We present an analysis of survival of male blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) using known-aged individuals and examine the results in terms of the evolution of delayed breeding. Males had low rates of mortality and, among 2-year-olds, mortality rates of territorial and nonterritorial birds were the same. Up to 6 years of age, males had life expectancies of at least 2 years. Males that postponed breeding and survived had a 40–45% chance of eventually obtaining a high-quality site for a territory. If males had not delayed breeding they likely would have had to settle on areas where opportunities for breeding appear to be low. Thus, survival patterns of males are consistent with the hypothesis that it is advantageous for some males to delay breeding if high-quality sites cannot be obtained.

Comparative demography of increasing and stable populations of blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Redfield
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Comparative Demography ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Stable Populations

The demographic characteristics of an increasing population of blue grouse were studied from 1968 to 1971. Increasing populations of grouse had high reproductive rates and slightly higher than average mortality rates among females as compared to stable populations.

Evidence-based practice

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blánaid Daly ◽  
Paul Batchelor ◽  
Elizabeth Treasure ◽  
Richard Watt
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Care Community ◽  
Medical Opinion ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Quality Health

In the last 40 years, the needs of and demands for health care both in the UK and worldwide have increased dramatically. These increases are related to the population ageing, the development of new technologies and knowledge, rising patient expectations, and associated increases in professional expectations about the possibilities and potential of health care (Muir Gray 1997 ). In this period, the key policy concerns of the international health care community have been about containing costs and enabling equitable access to high quality health care, while also ensuring greater accountability, patient satisfaction, and improved public health (Lohr et al. 1998). Health care resources are finite and must be shared equitably on the basis of need, capacity to benefit, and effectiveness. The use of high quality research evidence and guidelines to inform individual patient care and population health care have become central to this process. In the mid-1970s, various writers began to question the effectiveness of medicine and the increasingly wider influence exerted by the medical profession on society. For example, McKeown (1976) mapped mortality rates for the main killer airborne diseases (tuberculosis, whooping cough, scarlet fever, diptheria, and smallpox) against contemporary advances in medicine from the mid-19th century to the early 1970s. He found that the declines in the incidence and prevalence of communicable diseases had occurred before their microbial cause had been identified and before an effective clinical intervention had been developed. McKeown concluded that the declines in mortality rates were not attributable to immunization and therapy and suggested the declines could more reasonably be attributed to better nutrition and improved housing conditions which had occurred over the period. Allied to McKeown’s historical analysis was the work of Archie Cochrane who evaluated contemporary clinical practice in the 1970s. In his seminal work Effectiveness and Efficiency , Cochrane (1972) showed that many medical treatments provided in the NHS were ineffective, inefficient, and founded on medical opinion rather than on a rigorous assessment of efficacy and effectiveness. Box 7.1 defines the terms efficacy, effective, and efficiency.

Mortality reduction after thrombectomy for acute intracranial large vessel occlusion: meta-analysis of randomized trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A Yaeger ◽  
Michael L Martini ◽  
Trevor Hardigan ◽  
Travis Ladner ◽  
Qing Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Severe Disability ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Reduced Risk

BackgroundThrombectomy for patients with emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) is currently recognized as the standard of care for appropriately selected patients. As proven in several randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses, treatment with thrombectomy lowers rates of poor functional outcomes after ELVO, compared with standard medical management. However, combined mortality rates of the most recent, high-quality clinical trials have not been collectively assessed.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to assess the combined mortality rates of patients with ELVO following thrombectomy using data from the most recent, high-quality clinical trials.MethodsMeta-analysis was performed in clinical trials comparing thrombectomy and medical management for patients with anterior circulation ELVO. Cumulative rates of mortality (mRS 6) as well as mortality or severe disability (mRS 5-6) were calculated.ResultsTen clinical trials fit the inclusion criteria, including PISTE, REVASCAT, DAWN, THRACE, SWIFT PRIME, ESCAPE, DEFUSE 3, THERAPY, EXTEND-IA, and MR CLEAN, with 2233 patients assessed for mortality alone and 2229 for mortality or severe disability. There was a significantly reduced risk of death with thrombectomy compared with standard medical care (14.9% vs 18.3%, P=0.03; RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.98), as well as a reduced risk of mortality or severe disability (mRS 5–6) in ELVO patients treated with thrombectomy (21.1% vs 30.5%, P<0.0001; RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.80).ConclusionsOverall, these results suggest a lower risk of death, as well as death or severe disability, in patients with ELVO treated with thrombectomy compared with medical management alone.

Aggressiveness, incidence of singing, and territory quality of male blue grouse

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1426-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Prior Experience ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Territory Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus

The relative aggressiveness and proportion of time spent singing (incidence of singing) were assessed for male blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) occupying high- and low-quality territorial sites. Playback experiments were used to assess the relative aggressiveness of males; no support was obtained for the hypothesis that males on high-quality sites are more aggressive than those on low-quality sites. Prior experience with an area may be more important than aggressiveness in determining the quality of territorial site that is obtained. In 1 of 2 years, males on high-quality sites were observed hooting (singing) a greater proportion of the time than were males on poorer sites. A greater incidence of hooting by males on high-quality sites may be one factor that results in more females being observed near these males than near males on less suitable areas, as was found in a previous study.

Does grandparental care select for a longer lifespan in non-human mammals?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Péron ◽  
Christophe Bonenfant ◽  
Jean-François Lemaitre ◽  
Victor Ronget ◽  
Morgane Tidiere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Baseline Mortality ◽  
Grandmother Hypothesis ◽  
Survival Patterns ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Several non-human mammalian species provide grandparental care but remain fertile until death, unlike our species. This might call into question the ‘grandmother hypothesis’ that the ability to provide grandparental care, associated with an increase in the cost of breeding with age, promote the early cessation of reproduction. Here, we analyse individual longevity records from non-human mammals to determine whether the few species with grandparental care also stand out among mammals in terms of age-specific survival patterns. Indeed, females of species with grandparental care lived on average 43% longer than males (range: 24–61%), compared with 12% in other polygynous species (95% quantile: −8 to 30%), because of low baseline mortality rates and delayed onset of actuarial senescence. We discuss this finding with respect to the ‘stopping early’ vs. ‘living longer’ debate. We review the role of the environmental context and of the decrease in offspring performance with maternal age (Lansing effect). We formalize the idea of a continuum of parental–grandparental allocation instead of a discrete switch to grandparental care only. Lastly, we suggest that the evolution of menopause has been driven by different forces in different species.

scholarly journals Let’s talk about thal: How communication can improve quality of life

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurice M. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Improved Technology

In many parts of the world, research, improved technology, and better medicine have enabled people with thalassemia to live longer. It is tragic that due to global disparity in healthcare, in areas of the world where thalassemia is most prevalent, the mortality rates are high, and often, patients do not survive past adolescence. Each stage of life holds different challenges for people with thalassemia, and if patients are fortunate enough to reach adulthood, then they are faced with a new set of challenges uncommon to pediatric patients. Providers who have dedicated their careers to improving care now must work toward helping patients achieve a high quality of adult life by addressing such struggles. However, there is one topic that affects patients and providers universally at every stage of life—implementation of the concept can be easy, and it is free: that is COMMUNICATION!

Firm Mortality and Natal Financial Care

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utpal Bhattacharya ◽  
Alexander Borisov ◽  
Xiaoyun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Financial Intermediaries ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Mortality Table ◽  
Public Offering

AbstractWe construct a mortality table for U.S. public companies during 1985–2006. We find that the age-specific mortality rates of firms initially increase, peaking at age three, and then decrease with age, implying that the first 3 years of public life are critical. Financial intermediaries involved around the “public birth” of a firm (e.g., venture capitalists (VCs) and high-quality underwriters) are associated with lower firm mortality rates, sometimes for up to 7 years after the initial public offering (IPO). VCs reduce mortality rates more through natal financial care than through selection, whereas high-quality underwriters affect firm mortality more through selection.

scholarly journals Precommitment, Cash Transfers, and Timely Arrival for Birth: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Nairobi Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Cohen ◽  
Katherine Lofgren ◽  
Margaret McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Delivery Facility

Maternal and neonatal mortality rates in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya are among the highest in the world. Mounting evidence suggests that delivering in a facility is not enough to ensure mortality reductions: women must deliver in high-quality facilities and arrive early enough for appropriate care if complications arise. We designed an RCT combining labeled cash transfers and pre-commitment incentives to encourage earlier and more effective delivery facility choice and to promote earlier facility arrival. We find that the intervention improves planning, increases delivery at the desired facility, and encourages more timely arrival at delivery facilities.

Some problems of objective-prism spectra classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
E. K. Kharadze ◽  
R. A. Bartaya
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Objective Prism

The unique 70-cm meniscus-type telescope of the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory supplied with two objective prisms and the seeing conditions characteristic at Mount Kanobili (Abastumani) permit us to obtain stellar spectra of a high quality. No additional design to improve the “climate” immediately around the telescope itself is being applied. The dispersions and photographic magnitude limits are 160 and 660Å/mm, and 12–13, respectively. The short-wave end of spectra reaches 3500–3400Å.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

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