Infestations of the nematode Skrjabingylus nasicola (Leukart 1842) in Mustela frenata (Lichtenstein) and M. erminea (L.) and some evidence of a paratenic host in the life cycle of this nematode

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lloyd Gamble ◽  
R. R. Riewe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Paratenic Host ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Parasite Invasion ◽  
Mustela Erminea ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Condylobasal Length ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Paratenic Hosts

Examination of 153 Mustela frenata and 16 Mustela erminea from Manitoba revealed 100% parasitism of both hosts by Skrjabingylus nasicola. Cranial damage was significantly less in M. frenata than in M. erminea. In M. frenata, cranial damage was less in adult females than males and greater in adults than in subadults. Adult males and females had a greater degree of damage than subadult males and females. Percentage infestation and damage was related to diet. Data suggest that rodents, particularly the myomorphs, shrew, amphibians, and reptiles are paratenic hosts for S. nasicola. The condylobasal length of the skull of M. frenata apparently is not affected by parasite invasion, though the interorbital breadth is affected and becomes unreliable as a taxonomic measurement. Cranial damage was frequently asymmetrical. Despite repeated invasions, the definitive host is still active and therefore must tolerate the damage.

scholarly journals Multispecies Transcriptomics Data Set of Brugia malayi, Its Wolbachia Endosymbiont wBm, and Aedes aegypti across the B. malayi Life Cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chung ◽  
Laura Teigen ◽  
Silvia Libro ◽  
Robin E. Bromley ◽  
Nikhil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Wolbachia Endosymbiont ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Stage 1

Here, we present a comprehensive transcriptomics data set of Brugia malayi, its Wolbachia endosymbiont wBm, and its vector host. This study samples from 16 stages across the entire B. malayi life cycle, including stage 1 through 4 larvae, adult males and females, embryos, immature microfilariae, and mature microfilariae.

scholarly journals The genital and anal papillae of Compsura heterura (Characidae: Cheirodontinae): morphological structure and possible role in insemination

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Queiroz Lezama ◽  
Luiz R. Malabarba
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Genital Papilla ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anal Papillae ◽  
Anal Organ ◽  
Tubular Shape ◽  
Female Genital

ABSTRACT The function of the genital and anal papillae for insemination in Compsura heterura is discussed based on the description of their morphologies at different stages of the life cycle and during copulation and spawning. In males and females both the genital and anal papillae are involved in copulation in C. heterura. A pre-anal organ, anterior to the anus and stretched posteriorly, is present in adult males. The openings of the urinary channel and oviduct are separate in females. During copulation, there is an approximation between the female genital and anal papillae which become temporarily juxtaposed, forming a chamber enclosing the opening of the oviduct, which may also function in sperm capture. During spawning, the lateral edges of the female genital papilla are projected anteriorly, acquiring a tubular shape for oviposition.

A taxonomic review of the Margarodoid genus Stigmacoccus Hempel  (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Stigmacoccidae), with some details on their biology

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1507 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS HODGSON ◽  
HEATHER GAMPER ◽  
AMAURI BOGO ◽  
GILLIAN WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Family

Stigmacoccus is an unusual scale insect genus from Central and South America that has been little studied. It belongs to the family Stigmacoccidae within the archaeococcoid group of genera which used to comprise the family Margarodidae (Morrison, 1927) but which are now considered to represent at least 9 families. The present paper describes or redescribes the adult females, adult males, cyst stages and crawlers of the three known species (S. asper, S. garmilleri, and S. paranaensis), plus the prepupa of S. garmilleri and S. paranaensis, and (briefly), the pupa of S. paranaensis. It is considered that the female has two cyst stage instars; the number in the male is uncertain. Adult female S. asper and S. paranaensis appear to have groups of loculate pores on the walls of the vagina. A lectotype for S. asper is designated. In addition, cyst stages of three further undescribed species are described (but not formally named) and illustrated. Some observations on the biology and life cycle are also included. The honeydew of Stigmacoccus species has been shown to be an important energy source for overwintering passerine birds which defend this resource. A summary of our present knowledge is presented, including how the honedew is eliminated (through a long anal tube) and details are given with regard to rates of honeydew flow, sugar concentration, cyst densities and annual timing of peak flows. The annual life cycle, as far as it is known, is discussed. It is concluded that this honeydew could be economically important as a source of sugar for honey production but this would need to be carefully managed to maintain an ecological balance.

scholarly journals Natural history of Ctenus medius Keyserling, 1891 (Araneae, Ctenidae) I: observations on habitats and the development of chromatic patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. ALMEIDA ◽  
E. F. RAMOS ◽  
E. GOUVÊA ◽  
M. do CARMO-SILVA ◽  
J. COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural History ◽  
National Park ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Phoneutria Nigriventer

Ctenus medius Keyserling, 1891 is a common species in several spots of Mata Atlântica, however there is a great lack of studies in all aspects of its natural history. This work aims to elucidate aspects of ecotope preference compared to large spiders, and to provide data on the development of chromatic patterns during its life cycle. The observations on the behavior of C. medius were done in the campus of Centro Universitário de Barra Mansa (UBM) by means of observations and nocturnal collections using cap lamps. For observations on the development of chromatic patterns, spiderlings raised in laboratory, hatched from an oviposition of a female from campus of UBM, and others spiderlings collected in field were used. The field observations indicate that: C. medius seems to prefer ecotopes characterized by dense shrub vegetation or herbal undergrowth; Lycosa erythrognatha and L. nordeskioldii seems to prefer open sites; Phoneutria nigriventer seems to prefer shrub vegetation and anthropogenic ecotopes as rubbish hills; Ancylometes sp. seems to prefer ecotopes near streams. Concerning chromatic patterns, it was observed that males and females show well distinct patterns during the last two instars, allowing distinction by sex without the use of a microscope. Through chromatic patterns it was also possible to draw a distinction between C. medius and C. ornatus longer that 3 mm cephalothorax width. 69 specimens of C. medius (males and females) collected in the campus of UBM did not show a striking polymorphism in chromatic pattern, but one among 7 adult females collected in National Park of Itatiaia, showed a distinct chromatic pattern.

Life cycle and mating behavior of Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) on excised Musa cavendishii roots

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Karakaş
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Final Molt

AbstractThe life cycle and mating behavior of Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) were observed in vitro on excised roots of Musa cavendishii in gnotobiotic culture. Eggs hatched into juveniles whose appearance and structure were similar to those of the adults. Juveniles grew in size and each juvenile stage was terminated by a molt. H. multicinctus had four juvenile stages. The first molt occurred outside the egg shortly after hatching. After the final molt the juveniles differentiated into adult males and females. Mating was required for reproduction. After mating, fertilized females began to lay eggs. The life cycle from second stage juvenile to second stage juvenile was completed in 39 days.

scholarly journals The Diet and Sexual Differences of the Caspian Bent-Toed Gecko,Tenuidactylus caspius(Squamata: Gekkonidae), in Northern Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Hojati ◽  
Reza Babaei Savasari
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Prey Items

The Caspian bent-toed gecko,Tenuidactylus caspius, is one of the most common nocturnal lizards of Iran with widespread distribution especially in the northern provinces. This research was done in order to study the diet and sexual dimorphism of this species in Sari County from 5 May to 20 October. During this research, 40 specimens of them including 20 males and 20 females were studied for diet and 140 specimens including 70 adult males and 70 adult females were studied for sexual dimorphism. Prey items identified were insects that belong to 15 species of 8 families and 6 orders. The most common prey items wereCulex pipiensandMusca domestica. There is no significant difference between diets of males and females. Results show that the adult males in addition of having the apparent femoral and preanal pores are heavier than females and have larger body, head, and tail length.

The effect of non-immune stresses on the development of Strongyloides ratti

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CROOK ◽  
M. E. VINEY
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Living Adult

Strongyloides ratti is a parasitic nematode of rats. The host immune response against S. ratti affects the development of its free-living generation, favouring the development of free-living adult males and females at the expense of directly developing, infective 3rd-stage larvae. However, how the host immune response brings about these developmental effects is not clear. To begin to investigate this, we have determined the effect of non-immune stresses on the development of S. ratti. These non-immune stresses were subcurative doses of the anthelmintic drugs Ivermectin, Dithiazanine iodide and Thiabendazole, and infection of a non-natural host, the mouse. These treatments produced the opposite developmental outcome to that of the host immune response. Thus, in infections treated with subcurative doses of Ivermectin, Dithiazanine iodide and in infections of a non-natural host, the sex ratio of developing larvae became more female-biased and the proportion of female larvae that developed into free-living adult females decreased. This suggests that the mechanism by which the host immune response and these non-immune stresses affect S. ratti development differs.

Home-Range Size and Fidelity of Western Grey Kangaroos (Macropus Fuliginosus) Living in Remnants of Wandoo Woodland and Adjacent Farmland.

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Arnold ◽  
DE Steven ◽  
A Grassia ◽  
J Weeldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
The Core ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Eucalyptus Wandoo ◽  
Older Males

The home ranges were studied from 1977 to 1981 of western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) living in a 300-ha remnant of wandoo [Eucalyptus wandoo] surrounded by farmland at Baker's Hill, Western Australia. The M. fuliginosus population varied from 140 to 200 animals during the study. In 1979, four females (>30 kg) and 2 adult males (31 kg and 47 kg) were fitted with radio-transmitters and their movements recorded. The home ranges of these animals varied from 39 to 70 ha; the average overlap in the area used during the day and that used at night was 16.4%. Many of the kangaroos fed on farmland at night. The night ranges of 51 marked kangaroos were recorded using a spotlight. The animals showed a strong fidelity to their home ranges. Only 3 males (about 5-yr-old) shifted their night ranges; the centres of the ranges moved only 600-800 m. Older males had significantly larger night ranges than younger males and females. Individual females and the younger males showed preferences for using particular access points to get onto farmland; the older males showed no preferences. The core areas of the night ranges of many adult females overlapped closely in 'groups', but there was no evidence of 'mob' home ranges that were socially separated.

scholarly journals Microhabitat preferences of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium jelskii (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jersei N. Silva ◽  
Guilherme de Oliveira ◽  
Sérgio S. da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences ◽  
Lower Depth ◽  
Juvenile Males

ABSTRACT We analyzed the microhabitat preferences of Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) males and females inhabiting an urban water reservoir in Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil. Prawns were collected monthly, from March 2015 to February 2016, in three microhabitats, using a sieve. Each microhabitat was dominated by one macrophyte species: Eleocharis sp. (M1), Cabomba sp. (M2), and Nymphaea sp. (M3). The prawns were measured (carapace length), and categorized as juvenile males, adult males, juvenile females, non-ovigerous adult females and ovigerous adult females. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the number and size of individuals. The sex ratio and frequency of ovigerous females in the three microhabitats were also calculated. The sex ratio was biased towards females in M1 and did not deviate from 1:1 in M2 and M3. When prawns were separated into five categories we observed that non-ovigerous adult females were more abundant in M1, while adult males were the most abundant demographic category in M2 and M3. Juveniles of both sexes and ovigerous females showed no microhabitat preference, although M1 and M2 appeared to be more suitable for the latter. Adult females were the largest individuals in all microhabitats. Food availability, lower depth and lower predation pressure in M1 are the main factors that make M1 more suitable for M. jelskii, particularly non-ovigerous adult females and larger adult males. Intraspecific competition for shelter in M1 might also occur and adult females win this competition due to their larger body size. Therefore, adult males are found in higher abundance in M2 and M3 and the juvenile of both sexes spread evenly across all microhabitats. Our results help to understand the ecological role and the niche used by M. jelskii. Future studies on the habitat choice and predation under laboratory conditions should help to understand the behavior of this species.

scholarly journals Toxicological and biochemical effects of some insecticides on peach fly, Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Mosleh ◽  
L.H. Yousry ◽  
A. Alo-El-Elaa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Males And Females

The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, Diptera: Tephritidae), has been a serious pest in the last decade attacking a wide range of fruits in Egypt. The toxicity of Malathion, Diazinon, Methoxyfenozide and Lufenuron to adult males and females of B. zonata was studied under laboratory conditions. The results showed that Diazinon was the most toxic among the tested compounds followed by Malathion, Lufenuron and Methoxyfenozide. LC<sub>50</sub> values for adult males and females were 0.20 ppm, 0.09 ppm and 0.02 ppm (for males), 0.91 ppm, 0.14 ppm and 0,01 ppm (for females), respectively. The results showed that the level of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) of treated adult males and females in 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post treatment increased compared to untreated adults. The highest activities of GOT in treated adult males in 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h were 92.11&micro;M, 101.99&micro;M and 112.21&micro;M pyruvate released &times; 10<sup>3</sup>/min/g FW (fresh weight), respectively, for Methoxyfenozide LC<sub>10</sub>, and in treated adult females after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h they were 84.24&micro;M, 94.33&micro;M, and 111.12&micro;M pyruvate released &times; 10<sup>3</sup>/min/g FW, respectively, for Diazinon LC<sub>25</sub>. The activities of acetylcholine esterase of treated adults decreased compared to untreated adults. The highest activities of acid phosphatase in adult males after 24 h and 48 h were 249.43 &micro;g and 270.52 &micro;g AchI hydrolysed/min/g FW, respectively, for Methoxyfenozide LC<sub>25</sub>. The highest activities of alkaline phosphatase in adult males were 139.04 &micro;g, 175.67 &micro;g, and 199.29 &micro;g phenol &times; 10<sup>3</sup>/min/g FW for Malathion LC<sub>10</sub> and in adult females they were 123.31 &micro;g, 162.10 &micro;g and 199.59 &micro;g phenol.10<sup>3</sup>/min/g FW, respectively, for Lufenuron LC<sub>25</sub> in 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document