scholarly journals The Diet and Sexual Differences of the Caspian Bent-Toed Gecko,Tenuidactylus caspius(Squamata: Gekkonidae), in Northern Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Hojati ◽  
Reza Babaei Savasari
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Prey Items

The Caspian bent-toed gecko,Tenuidactylus caspius, is one of the most common nocturnal lizards of Iran with widespread distribution especially in the northern provinces. This research was done in order to study the diet and sexual dimorphism of this species in Sari County from 5 May to 20 October. During this research, 40 specimens of them including 20 males and 20 females were studied for diet and 140 specimens including 70 adult males and 70 adult females were studied for sexual dimorphism. Prey items identified were insects that belong to 15 species of 8 families and 6 orders. The most common prey items wereCulex pipiensandMusca domestica. There is no significant difference between diets of males and females. Results show that the adult males in addition of having the apparent femoral and preanal pores are heavier than females and have larger body, head, and tail length.

scholarly journals Morphological variation of Philodryas patagoniensis (Girard, 1858) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from Brazil, based on the study of pholidosis, coloration and morphometric features

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella Vallim Gouveia ◽  
Iara Alves Novelli ◽  
Fabiano Matos Vieira ◽  
Bernadete Maria de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The current study aimed to verify the relationship between the patterns of coloration, the morphometrical features and pholidosis of specimens of Philodryas patagoniensis from Brazil, with the sexual dimorphism of this species. We studied specimens of P. patagoniensis deposited in several herpetological collections from Brazil. A total of 355 specimens were analyzed, of these 145 were males (87 adults and 58 juveniles) and 210 were females (134 adults and 76 juveniles). Adult specimens exhibit sexual dimorphism in snout-vent length, tail length, head length, number of ventral shields, and number of subcaudal shields. The analysis of variance showed that the adult females are significantly longer than adult males, both at snout-vent length and tail length. Females have a greater number of ventral shields (138-210) than males (151-200). The specimens studied also exhibit two distinct patterns of coloration unrelated to geographical or sexual variations.

Sexual dimorphism in the Neotropical lizard, Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata, Tropiduridae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Wiederhecker ◽  
Adriana Pinto ◽  
Guarino Colli
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractWe describe the sexual dimorphism in coloration, body shape, and body size in Tropidurus torquatus, a widely distributed lizard species in central Brazil. Adult males have colored patches varying from yellow to yellow-and-black, and black on the abdomen, ventral aspect of the thighs, and pre-cloacal flap. Adult females lack ventral colored patches. During ontogeny, there is a gradual darkening of the patches, but no modification either in patch size or color is associated with the reproductive cycle. Adult males have wider heads and thinner bodies than females of the same body size. Males and females grow at the same rate prior to sexual maturity, but males take longer to reach sexual maturity, maturing at a larger body size than females.

Cimetidine-induced prolactin release in rats The effect of sex and gonadal steroids

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Watanobe ◽  
Kazuo Takebe
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Plasma Prl ◽  
A Minor

Abstract. The cimetidine-induced plasma Prl response was examined in rats of both sexes. First, 10 week old intact adult males and females (dioestrous) were compared. There was no significant difference in the Prl response to cimetidine between the two groups, despite the fact that in adult females the anterior pituitary Prl content was 4 times greater than in males. Second, the effect of gonadal state in adult age on the Prl response to cimetidine was examined in both sexes. In male rats, gonadectomy at the age of 6 weeks significantly reduced the plasma Prl response as well as the pituitary Prl content, both of which were sufficiently restored by testosterone replacement. However, in females, neither gonadectomy at the age of 6 weeks nor subsequent oestradiol replacement affected the Prl response to cimetidine, despite the fact that gonadectomy significantly reduced and oestradiol treatment significantly enhanced the pituitary Prl content. Third, possible permanent effects of the postnatal gonadal milieu on the cimetidine-induced Prl response and the pituitary Prl content were examined in both sexes by castration at varying postnatal ages. The ratio of plasma Prl response to pituitary Prl content was similar in all castrated males. In females, however, the ratio decreased with increasing castration age. In conclusion, the mechanism of cimetidine-induced Prl release is less sex-dependent than are the mechanisms of Prl release by other Prl secretagogues. First, this may be due to a minor role of oestrogen in females in determining the Prl response to cimetidine. Second, the postnatal ovarian secretions may exert a permanent inhibition of the development of the cimetidine-mobilized anterior pituitary Prl pool.

An Evaluation of the Hypothesis that Females Are More Susceptible than Males to Lead-induced Haematological Alterations

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
R. Ken ◽  
E.J. Calabrese ◽  
R.W. Tuthill
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Lead Poisoning Prevention ◽  
Poisoning Prevention

1 A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted to assess the hypothesis that sex differences exist with respect to selected lead-induced red blood cell parameters. The study utilized data previously collected in the Boston Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program. 2 This study revealed no statistically significant difference between males and females ( n = 1548) aged 1-6 years for blood FEP levels when blood lead levels were similar. 3 These findings are in contrast with previously published research with human adults, which has suggested that adult females display significantly greater FEP values at identical blood level values as similarly aged men.

scholarly journals Are there sex differences in the body size of the Eurasian red squirrel in Slovakia?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Čanády ◽  
Ladislav Mošanský ◽  
Peter Krišovský
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Sexual dimorphism of the Eurasian red squirrel on five somatic variables (head-and-body length, tail length, hind foot length, ear length and body weight) was evaluated on 55 squirrels. The overlap of values of the measured traits among sexes was high, but in all traits (with exception of the tail length) males seem to exhibit slightly higher mean values than females. However, these differences were non-significant, with the exception of a small significant difference in the tail length and tail-to-head-and-body ratio. Similarly, the results of discriminant function analysis show no differences between the sexes. Positive correlation analyses, together with PCA values, confirmed that tail length and hind foot length are traits that play a significant role in overall variability. We suggest that this relationship could explain their mutual importance in locomotion, where the feet are essential for movement in the trees. By contrast, the tail maintains balance on thin branches, or during jumps from one crown to another. Longer tails also demonstrate differential selection on males and females for a locomotor trait. Similarly, we discuss whether variations in tail length were connected to female reproductive success. Our results suggest that the non-significant results regarding SSD provide the benefit of the same size for both sexes in the protection of territory as well as inter- and intra-sexual interaction.

The Diet of the Common Toad (Bufo bufo) around a Pond in Mid-Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Gittins
Keyword(s):  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Common Toad ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Toad Bufo Bufo

AbstractThere was no significant difference between the number of food items obtained by stomach-flushing toads caught in pitfall traps and from the dissection of corpses found on nearby roads. The frequencies of the different food categories were similar using the two methods. 97 % of the toads entering the pond in the spring had not recently fed, whereas 25% of toads leaving the pond had started to feed. Sloughed skin was found in 7% of stomachs. Vegetable matter was found in 15% of stomachs and inorganic matter in 6% of stomachs. The diet of the toad was found to be very varied, and the main food items were beetles, collembolans, millipedes, harvestmen and spiders. The diets of males, females and young toads were very similar, and only slight changes in diet were observed throughout the year. The size of food items ranged from 1 mm to 40 mm with most around 7 mm. There was no significant relationship between the size of the food item and the size of the toad for adult males and females, but there was for juveniles.

Social Facilitation and Digging Behavior in the Beetle Odontotaenius floridanus Schuster (Coleoptera: Passalidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Punzo
Keyword(s):  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Egg Carrying ◽  
Digging Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Walking Speeds

Laboratory studies assessed the effect of group size on egg-carrying behavior and walking speed of adults of the subsocial beetle, Odontotaenius floridanus Schuster (Coleoptera: Passalidae). Adult males tested solo carried significantly fewer eggs per individual when compared with males tested in groups of 4 and 8 individuals. Similarly, adult males and females in groups of 4 and 8 individuals exhibited significantly faster walking speeds when tested in a linear runway as compared with adults tested alone. There was no significant difference in the number of eggs carried or walking speed between beetles tested in groups of 4 or 8 individuals. This represents the first demonstration of social facilitation in passalid beetles. The adaptive significance of social facilitation in insects is discussed.

The effect of non-immune stresses on the development of Strongyloides ratti

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CROOK ◽  
M. E. VINEY
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Living Adult

Strongyloides ratti is a parasitic nematode of rats. The host immune response against S. ratti affects the development of its free-living generation, favouring the development of free-living adult males and females at the expense of directly developing, infective 3rd-stage larvae. However, how the host immune response brings about these developmental effects is not clear. To begin to investigate this, we have determined the effect of non-immune stresses on the development of S. ratti. These non-immune stresses were subcurative doses of the anthelmintic drugs Ivermectin, Dithiazanine iodide and Thiabendazole, and infection of a non-natural host, the mouse. These treatments produced the opposite developmental outcome to that of the host immune response. Thus, in infections treated with subcurative doses of Ivermectin, Dithiazanine iodide and in infections of a non-natural host, the sex ratio of developing larvae became more female-biased and the proportion of female larvae that developed into free-living adult females decreased. This suggests that the mechanism by which the host immune response and these non-immune stresses affect S. ratti development differs.

Radiological observations on the olfactory fossa and ethmoid roof

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (12) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Elwany ◽  
A Medanni ◽  
M Eid ◽  
A Aly ◽  
A El-Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Operative Evaluation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjective:To establish normative dimensions for the depth of the olfactory fossa, the length and angulation of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate, and the height of the ethmoid roof, in adult males and females.Design:The study assessed 300 high resolution, multislice computed tomography scans of the paranasal sinuses, which were evaluated using Merge Efilm software (version 2.0.0, build 37).Results:According to the original Keros classification, the type II olfactory fossa was the commonest type in men (66.7 per cent), while the type I fossa was commonest in women (53 per cent). A difference of 3 mm or more between the depths of the right and left olfactory fossae was present in 11 per cent of men and 2 per cent of women. The lateral lamella of the cribriform plate was significantly shorter and less oblique in men than in women. The length of the lateral lamella was greater anteriorly than posteriorly in both sexes. There was a statistically significant difference between the angle of the lateral lamellae, comparing right and left sides. The ethmoid roof was lower in women than men.Conclusion:The observed differences between men and women and between the right and left sides are of surgical importance, and should alert surgeons to the need for thorough, systematic pre-operative evaluation of computed tomography scans.

scholarly journals Rheotaxis Response Based on Sexual Dimorphism in the Green Swordtail Fish, Xiphophorus hellerii

Biota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irsyad Abiyusfi Ghafari ◽  
Vita Fitrianti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Swordtail Fish ◽  
Xiphophorus Hellerii ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
The Individual

Morphological distinctions between males and females of a species are referred to by sexual dimorphism. It may result from various selection pressures affecting either sex or both and may occur in any dioecious species, including Green Swordtail fish, which are sexually reproductive. This study examined the different rheotaxis responses of Xiphophorus hellerii based on different sexes and morphological features. We analyzed ten adult males, ten gravid females, and ten non-gravid females of Xiphophorus helleri collected down the river and transferred into the column. We counted the number of the individual that performed positive rheotaxis (+), negative rheotaxis (-), and indifference response (0). The result showed different rheotaxis responses shown by male, non-gravid female, and gravid female X. hellerii. The highest percentage of positive rheotaxis response (movement against the current) was shown by non-gravid female X. hellerii, reaching up to 89%. Morphological differences between male, non-gravid female, and gravid female X. hellerii appear to affect the orientation and ability of X. hellerii in giving response against current and certainly has an impact on their survival in nature.

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