scholarly journals Activity of moose and white-tailed deer at mineral springs

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1991-2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fraser ◽  
H. Hristienko
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Mineral Springs ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Leaf Flush

Activity of moose (Alces alces) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was studied at two natural mineral springs (licks) in Ontario during the springtime and summer of 1977 to 1980. Most adult moose appeared to use a lick during a single 1- to 5-day period in a year; some returned at intervals during the season; and all seemed drawn principally by the mineral-rich water. Some young moose remained in the lick vicinity for 3 weeks or more, and often wandered in and out of the licks, grazing herbage as well as drinking. This suggested a social as well as a nutritional attraction for young moose. Activity of both moose and deer increased after leaf flush. Adult male moose used licks most heavily in late May and early June, adult females in middle and late June. Use by young animals was more variable, but all moose activity declined in late June when aquatic feeding became common. Deer continued to use licks heavily until mid-July. Evidently the Na hunger that motivates lick use is related to spring phenology and wanes during the summer. Social and other behaviour seen at licks is described.

The behavior of moose at natural mineral springs in Quebec

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Couturier ◽  
Cyrille Barrette
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Mineral Springs ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

The Matane Wildlife Reserve (48°40′ N, 66°55′ W) is the only location in Quebec known to have mineral springs. Their water is rich in sodium (172.5 ± 97.1 ppm, n = 17 vs. 3.6 ± 2.6 ppm, n = 10, in streams flowing nearby) and other minerals. We observed moose (Alces alces) there for a total of 11 months over three summers. Maximal use of the springs occurred in early July. Moose visited springs mostly around sunrise and sunset, spending a mean (± SD) of 24.3 ± 26 min (n = 691) at the springs, 20.7% ± 17% of which was spent drinking, almost always right at the actual spring (about 0.1 m2). Calves started visiting springs in late June, always with their mothers, but rarely drank before September. Moose interacted aggressively, particularly to displace one another from the small springs. Lactating females chased all other moose away when they were accompanied by their calves. Such females spent much less time drinking when their calves were present than when they visited a spring alone. Moose usually urinated at a spring, but almost never on the actual spring itself, and most often close to the end of a visit. Of 360 urinations, 32.2% were hock urinations. Mineral springs seem to be important, although incidental, social gathering places, where the hunger for salt forces moose to have a more intense social life than their otherwise solitary habits allow.

Significance of wounding to female reproductive success in Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) at Laysan Island

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Hiruki ◽  
Ian Stirling ◽  
William G. Gilmartin ◽  
Thea C. Johanos ◽  
Brenda L. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Monachus Schauinslandi ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Pup Survival ◽  
Monk Seals

We studied reproductive rate, length of lactation period, pup survival, and mortality of injured and uninjured female Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) on Laysan Island, northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in 1983 – 1989. The severity and timing of nonfatal injuries were influential in determining their effect on female reproductive success. There was a tendency towards a shorter mean lactation period and lower survival rate of pups for females with major injuries than for uninjured females. Females with minor injuries were similar to uninjured females in terms of reproductive rate, length of lactation, and pup survival. For females injured shortly before the birth of their pup or during lactation, pup survival was lower than for uninjured females, whereas for females injured during the year prior to pupping, measures of reproductive success were not significantly different from those for uninjured females. Immature (aged 4 – 8 years) females entering the reproductive population were injured by adult male seals significantly more often than females aged 0 – 3 years, but at a similar rate to adult females. The major effect of injuries on female reproductive success is an increase in female mortality: 87.5 % of the adult females (n = 16) that died on Laysan Island in 1983 – 1989 sustained injuries from adult male seals.

Sexual dimorphism in Upper Palaeolithic hand stencils

Antiquity ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (308) ◽  
pp. 390-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Roles ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Palaeolithic Art ◽  
Cave Art

Sexual roles in deep prehistory are among the most intriguing puzzles still to solve. Here the author shows how men and women can be distinguished by scientific measurement in the prints and stencils of the human hand that occur widely in Upper Palaeolithic art. Six hand stencils from four French caves are attributed to four adult females, an adult male, and a sub-adult male. Here we take a step closer to showing that both sexes are engaged in cave art and whatever dreams and rituals it implies.

EVALUATING THE THRESHOLD DENSITY HYPOTHESIS FOR MOOSE (ALCES ALCES), WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS), AND PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. McGraw ◽  
Ron A. Moen ◽  
Louis Cornicelli ◽  
Michelle Carstensen ◽  
Véronique St-Louis
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Threshold Density ◽  
Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis

scholarly journals Evidence for the Use of Vocalization to Coordinate the Killing of a White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, by Coyotes, Canis latrans

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich M. Muntz ◽  
Brent R. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
The Social

Among the social canids, howling is largely accepted as playing a role in territory maintenance. However, its role in communication within packs, such as announcing departures from den and rendezvous sites and coordinating reunions or movements, remains largely speculative. We report an observation where a radio-collared adult male Coyote (Canis latrans) and his mate seemed to summon two other Coyotes (presumed to be their offspring) from ~700 m away to join in the successful pursuit of an adult male White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Our observation suggests that Coyotes can use vocalization as an effective means of coordinating social activities such as the hunting of large prey.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Changes in Abundance of White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Moose, Alces alces, and Beaver, Castor canadensis, in Algonquin Park, Ontario, 1860-2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman W. S. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canis Lycaon ◽  
The 1960S

The history of White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Moose, Alces alces, and Beaver, Castor canadensis, in Algonquin Park since the 1860s is reviewed and placed in the context of changes to the forest, weather, and parasitic disease. Deer seem to have been abundant in the late 1800s and early 1900s whereas Moose were also common but less so than deer. Deer declined through the 1920s as Moose probably increased. Deer had recovered by the 1940s when Moose seem to have been scarce. The deer population declined again in the 1960s, suffered major mortality in the early 1970s, and has never recovered; deer are essentially absent from the present day Algonquin landscape in winter. Moose increased steadily following the decline of deer and have numbered around 3500 since the mid-1980s. Beaver were scarce in the Park in the late 1800s but recovered by 1910 and appear to have been abundant through the early 1900s and at high numbers through mid-century. The Beaver population has, however, declined sharply since the mid-1970s. These changes can best be explained by the history of change to the structure and composition of the Park's forests. After extensive fire and logging in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the forest is now in an essentially mature state. Weather and parasitic disease, however, have also played a role. These three species form the prey base of Algonquin's Wolves, Canis lycaon, and the net decline of prey, especially deer, has important implications for the future of wolves in the Park.

Description of a new species of the genus Paraedes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Assam, India

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4691 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
R. NATARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Paraedes jambulingami, is described from Assam, northeastern India. The adult male and female are described in detail and an illustration of the male is provided. This species is easily distinguished from all known species of the genus Paraedes by the presence of broad silvery or golden scales on the paratergite and the outer arm of the basal mesal lobe of the male genitalia bearing a long, flattened blade-like seta. Dichotomous keys are provided for the identification of the adult females and males of the five species of the genus that are known to occur in India. 

Wolf predation risk associated with white-tailed deer movements

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2696-2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Nelson ◽  
L. David Mech
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wolf Predation ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Antipredator Strategy

The survival of 159 yearling and adult deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was monitored by telemetry during 282 spring and 219 fall individual migrations to winter deeryards in northeastern Minnesota. A disproportionate number of deer were killed by wolves (Canis lupus) during fall migration relative to the short time they spent migrating, but not during spring migration. Predation was also significantly greater for male and female yearlings and adult females outside deeryards during winter. Survival of 79 yearlings dispersing from natal ranges was high (1.00). It appears that changing climatic conditions combined with unfamiliar terrain and undetermined factors predispose migratory deer to wolf predation during fall. These findings support an earlier hypothesis that winter yarding is an antipredator strategy.

scholarly journals Carbon-Dioxide Thermo-Saline Springs in the Light of Modern Research

1928 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolf Schott
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Mineral Springs ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Saline Springs ◽  
The Difference

Investigations on the influence of natural Nauheim standing and running effervescent CO2 thermo-saline baths on the subcutaneous CO2 and O2 tension in gas under the skin in rabbits showed a decrease of the CO2 tension in all experiments. The O2 tension increased in 50 per cent. of the experiments, in the others it remained unaffected. The results are interpreted as due to an increase in ventilation and an increase in peripheral blood-flow, the peripheral blood-vessels being dilated. Plain water baths of the same temperature and duration did not show this effect on the peripheral circulation, both CO2 and O2 tension being decreased after the bath. The relations between these researches and other investigations on the effect of natural thermo-saline baths are discussed as well as the difference between the effect of natural and artificial baths. The special curative properties of fresh natural mineral springs are in some way connected with the composition of the salts as complex compounds and their molecular structure. These complex compounds being decomposed by heat, light or access of air, the special activity is lost. The presence of the salts as complex compounds in fresh natural mineral springs is supposed to be due to the special geological conditions under which these compounds are formed.

scholarly journals Intracranial Abscessation as a Natural Mortality Factor for Adult Male White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in Kent County, Maryland, USA

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Karns ◽  
Richard A. Lancia ◽  
Christopher S. DePerno ◽  
Mark C. Conner ◽  
Michael K. Stoskopf
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Kent County
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