scholarly journals Impact of botfly parasitism on Microtus townsendii populations

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1683-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Boonstra ◽  
Charles J. Krebs ◽  
Terry D. Beacham
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Survival Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Adult ◽  
Microtus Townsendii ◽  
Better Than

The impact of botfly (Cuterebra grisea) parasitism on populations of Microtus townsendii was studied on four areas near Vancouver, British Columbia, from 1971 to 1978. Botfly larvae were found in voles during the period from late June to late November, with a peak occurring from mid-August to mid-September. There was a significant negative relationship between vole density and the proportion of the population infested. The percentage of voles infested changed in the following manner in the three weight classes: juveniles (18.5%) > adults (16.5%) > subadults (13.0%), with the sexes showing no differences between them. Overall, noninfested voles always survived better than infested ones did in the three classes. In both adults and juveniles, survival declined as botfly larvae number increased; subadults did not show this relationship. Infested adult male voles survived more poorly at high densities (r = 0.62); adult females did not. Infested large adult males (≥ 55 g) survived better than small adults did (40–54 g), but the two size classes in females showed no survival differences. Infested adult voles had significantly lower rates of reproduction: 8% fewer males were in breeding condition, 10% fewer females were lactating, and 4% fewer females were pregnant. Parasitism significantly depressed growth rates in all weight classes above 40 g. We conclude that botflies had a significant detrimental influence on vole survival, reproduction, and growth.

Globalization, Poverty, Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Analysis of SAARC Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adiqa Kiani ◽  
Ejaz Ullah ◽  
Khair Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of poverty, globalization, and environmental degradation on economic growth in the selected SAARC countries. This study is employed panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique for empirical analysis using selected SAARC regions including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka over the period of 1980 to 2018. Globalization impacts economic growth positively and significantly.  In addition to this the significant negative relationship is found between population and economic growth. The results show that poverty is positively related with environmental degradation. Furthermore, the results indicate that globalization is positively and significantly associated with environmental degradation in the SAARC region. Finally, the results show that urbanization is positive and significantly associated with environmental degradation, which could be the serious concerns for the policy makers to control.

scholarly journals Cost Control and Profitability of Selected Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-33
Author(s):  
Godwin Emmanuel Oyedokun ◽  
Amos Olafusi TOMOMEWO ◽  
Sunday Ajao OWOLABI
Keyword(s):  
Cost Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Profitability in manufacturing companies in Nigeria depends on the ability of the companies to grow their earnings and tame their cost profile through cost control techniques. Many manufacturing companies seem not to understand these costs and the impact they have on profitability. This study examined the effect of cost control on the profitability of selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The population of the study was the 78 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange as at 31st December 2017. A sample frame of 23 companies listed on the consumer goods sector was selected out of which five companies were considered for a period of 10 years (2005 – 2017). The study adopted a judgmental sampling technique. Data were obtained from the audited financial statement, and the accounts have already validated by regulatory authorities. The study took descriptive and inferential (regression) statistics. It was found that there is a significant negative relationship between the cost of raw materials (CoRM) and profit before tax of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study concluded that cost control has a significant positive effect on the profitability of manufacturing companies in Nigeria for the period under review. Therefore, it is recommended adequate management and alternative sourcing of raw materials.

The Impact of Money Demand Motivation on Money Supply Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Arin Jannah Dinonasih ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Precautionary Motive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares Method ◽  
Annual Period

This study aims to investigate the impact of money demand motive on a money supply based on keyness theory. The method used in this study is the ordinary least squares method with an annual period from 2011 to 2020. We find that In Indonesia, the money demand motive has a significant effect on money supply where the transaction motive has a significant negative relationship with the money supply. A precautionary motive has a significant positive correlation with the money supply. The motive of speculation has a significant positive relationship with the money supply.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Experimental Guaranteed Income on Crime and Violence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Calnitsky ◽  
Pilar Gonalons-Pons
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Would unconditional cash payments reduce crime and violence? This paper examines data on crime and violence in the context of an understudied social experiment from the late 1970s called the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment, or Mincome. We combine town-level crime statistics for all medium-sized Canadian Prairie towns with town-level socio-demographic data from the census to study how an experimental guaranteed income affected both violent crime and total crime. We find a significant negative relationship between Mincome and both outcomes. We also decompose total crime and analyze its main components, property crime and “other” crime, and find a significant negative relationship between Mincome and property crime. While the impact on property crime is theoretically straightforward, we close by speculating on the mechanisms that might link the availability of guaranteed annual income payments to a decline in violence, focusing on the mechanisms that shape patterns of inter-partner violence.

scholarly journals Zanzibar's endemic red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii: first systematic and total assessment of population, demography and distribution

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim R.B. Davenport ◽  
Said A. Fakih ◽  
Sylvanos P. Kimiti ◽  
Lydia U. Kleine ◽  
Lara S. Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Population Demography ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Red Colobus ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe present the first systematic assessment of the population, demography and distribution of the Endangered Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii, in Unguja in the Zanzibar archipelago, based on a survey effort of 4,725 hours. We estimate the total population comprises 5,862 individuals in 342 groups (mean group size 17.12); 3.4 times the mean of all previous estimates. We calculated a total area of occupancy of 376 km2, with 4,042 individuals living within protected areas. Mean group sizes were significantly higher within protected areas (20.57) than outside (12.80). The number of adult females was 3,179 (54.21%), with a mean of 9.29 per group, and the number of adult males was 932 (15.89%), with a mean of 2.71 per group, giving a ratio of 3.31 adult females to adult males. This ratio was significantly lower outside protected areas. The total number of infants was 958 (16.34%), with a mean of 2.80 per group, and the number of subadults/juveniles was 793 (13.52%), with a mean of 2.32 per group, giving ratios of 0.30 infants to adult females, and 0.25 subadults/juveniles to adult females. The results indicate that P. kirkii is resilient and thriving far better than assumed. However, recruitment is low and the population may be in decline, with individuals outside protected areas most at risk. We tentatively support the categorization of P. kirkii as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, argue for greater protected area status for southern Uzi, Vundwe and Mchamgamle, and discuss conservation implications for this charismatic flagship species.

Impact of Foreign Ownership on Leverage: A Study of Indian Firms

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092092736
Author(s):  
Surbhi Gupta ◽  
Surendra S. Yadav ◽  
P. K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Continuous Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structure Choice

Capital structure choice is a corporate decision which provides a combination of securities used to finance the investment requirements ( Myers, 2001 ). That the ownership of a firm influences its decision-making process is a well-accepted economic proposition. Due to liberalization and continuous measures initiated by the Indian government to make India more business-friendly, foreign ownership has assumed a prominence in many Indian firms. In this regard, this article aims to examine the impact of foreign ownership on the financing mix, employing the data of non-financial firms constituting the Nifty 200 index, for the period 2007–2018; the data have been extracted from Bloomberg® and Ace Equity®. Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) technique for empirical analysis, the study observes that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between foreign ownership and leverage.

Fund Flow Volatility and Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rakowski
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fund Flows ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fund Flow ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Equity Funds ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper provides a detailed analysis of the impact of daily mutual fund flow volatility on fund performance. I document a significant negative relationship between the volatility of daily fund flows and cross-sectional differences in risk-adjusted performance. This relationship is driven by domestic equity funds, as well as small funds, well-performing funds, and funds that experience inflows over the sample period. My results are consistent with performance differences arising from the transaction costs of nondiscretionary trading driven by daily fund flows, but not with performance differences arising from the suboptimal cash holdings that arise from fund flows.

The impact of ticks on Bufo marinus from native habitats

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lampo ◽  
P. Bayliss
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Native Habitats

SUMMARYWe analysed the patterns of tick distribution on 2274 adult toads from Venezuela and Brazil, to explore whether these ectoparasites have any impact on the survival of Bufo marinus. A maximum-likelihood analysis showed that aggregation levels of ticks decreased significantly with the mean intensity of infection. This decline could be attributed to a density-dependent reduction of ticks within toads, density-dependent tick-induced toad mortality and/or density-dependent tick-induced changes in toad susceptibility. However, the relationship between the rate of change in tick loads and tick burdens from recaptured toads indicated that neither the loss of ticks within toads nor the toad susceptibility to further infection were dependent upon tick burdens. Therefore, we can indirectly infer that density-dependent tick-induced toad mortality is responsible for the observed decline in aggregation levels with tick age and burdens. On the other hand, a significant negative relationship between tick burdens and the size-specific weight of toads suggested that ticks may also have a significant impact on the patterns of weight deposition of adult toads. This evidence suggests that these ectoparasites may play an important role in regulating the densities of B. marinus in native habitats.

scholarly journals Hubungan Stres dan Kesejahteraan (Well-being) dengan Moderasi Kebersyukuran

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Erlis Manita ◽  
Marty Mawarpury ◽  
Maya Khairani ◽  
Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to determine the correlation of stress and well-being with gratitude moderation in early adults in Aceh. The method of this research was carried out using a quantitative approach. This study involved 349 early adults (264 female, 85 male) with age range of 20-40 years (M = 22.20) selected through the nonprobability sampling method with incidental sampling techniques. Individual’s stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, well-being was measured using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and gratitude was measured using the Skala Bersyukur Indonesia. Data were analyzed using moderated regression analysis to test the research hypothesis. The results showed that stress had a significant negative relationship to well-being (β1 = -0.788; p < 0.05), then gratitude was able to moderate the relationship of stress and well-being (β3 = 3.257; p < 0.05). This study showed that there was a correlation between stress and well-being with gratitude moderation. It meant that grateful people focus on things that are grateful for every day, so that the impact on low stress levels and can improve individual well-being.

scholarly journals The Impact of The Government’s COVID-19 Restriction Policies On Human Mobility: Evidence From The United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxun Zhou ◽  
Mafizur Rahman Mohammad ◽  
Khanam Rasheda ◽  
Robert Taylor Brad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Effect Decomposition ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose – In responding to COVID-19, governments around the world have imposed various restrictions with different levels of success. One important aspect of pandemic control is the willingness of individuals to stay home when possible. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of government restrictions on human mobility in the United StatesMethodology/approach – Structural equation modelling is used to explore the issue. First, we use path regression analysis and factor analysis to identify the main factors that influence mobility. Second, we use total effect decomposition to investigate the deeper relationship between government restrictions and human mobility.Finding – Two important findings are revealed First, the economic environment is the fundamental and direct factor affecting human mobility. There is a significant negative relationship between economic environment and human mobility, meaning that where economic conditions are bad mobility is greater. Second, government restrictions and the scale of the pandemic do not directly affect human mobility. Government restriction indirectly influences human mobility through economic environment as a mediating variable. Therefore, the economic environment has a significant mediating effect.Originality/value – Existing literature lacks research on the mediating effect between government restrictions and human mobility. This paper provides new empirical evidence for the research topic by studying the mediating effect between government restrictions and human mobility. This provides policymakers with a more detailed picture of the processes through which policies operate.

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