Spatial interrelationships of bivalves and nonbivalve benthos in a small reservoir in New Brunswick, Canada

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Sephton ◽  
C. G. Paterson ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Small Reservoir ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Quantitative Sampling ◽  
Numerical Abundance ◽  
Aggregated Distribution

Quantitative sampling of macrobenthos in Morice Lake, New Brunswick, showed that the numerical abundance of chironomid larvae and other nonbivalve detritivore species was significantly increased in the vicinity of bivalve molluscs. Experimentally, increased bivalve numbers in tanks led to an aggregated distribution of nonbivalve benthos. Numerical abundance near bivalves was increased, probably due to a behavioral response of the detritivores to an increased food source.

The Food of Salmon Fry in Eastern Canada

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. White
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Cumberland County ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Salmon Fry

Stomach analyses were made of young salmon in their first summer, as obtained from West and East Apple rivers, and Reeds and Eatonville creeks, all in Cumberland county, Nova Scotia, and from Digdeguash river in New Brunswick. Chironomid larvae formed the chief food of the newly emerged fry, while ephemerid nymphs constituted the major food taken during the mid-summer growing period. Trichoptera tended to become important toward autumn, but at times formed a considerable proportion of the food even in July and August. Plecoptera, simuliids and tipulids also occurred, and terrestrial forms such as Hymenoptera, Homoptera and Diptera were taken in appreciable quantities in late summer and autumn.

scholarly journals Leaf litter as a possible food source for chironomids (Diptera) in Brazilian and Portuguese headwater streams

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Callisto ◽  
José F. Gonçalves Jr ◽  
Manuel A. S. Graça
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Potential Use

Our objective was to evaluate the potential use of leaf detritus by chironomid larvae. Field and laboratory experiments were performed using leaves and chironomid species collected in Portugal and Brazil. Laboratory experiments under controlled conditions were done using microbial conditioned senescent leaves of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn, Neriumoleander L., Protium heptaphilum (Aubl.) March, Protium brasiliense (Spreng) Engl., Myrcia guyanensis(Aubl.) DC and Miconia chartacea Triana. Laboratory experiments were performed using specimens collected from leaf litter in local streams. Whenever possible, after the experiments, chironomids were allowed to emerge as adults and identified. In Portugal the following taxa were identified: Micropsectra apposita (Walker, 1856), Polypedilum albicorne (Meigen, 1838),Eukiefferiella claripennis Lundbeck (1898), Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) atripes Rempel (1937) and Ablabesmyia Johannsen (1905) (Diptera, Chironomidae). Consumption rates ranged from 0.15 ± 0.10 mg (AFDM) of leaf animal-1 day-1 (Micropsectra apposita feeding on Alnus glutinosa) up to 0.85 ± 0.33 mg (AFDM) of leaf animal-1 day-1 (Polypedilum albicorne feeding on Miconia chartacea). In Brazil, the following taxa were identified from leaves: Phaenopsectra sp., Chironomus spp. and Polypedilum sp. and maximum consumption rates reached 0.47 ± 0.28 (AFDM) of leaf mg.animal-1.day-1 (Chironomus Meigen (1803) feeding on Protium heptaphilum). Feeding experiments with laboratory cultured specimens, revealed that some chironomids were unable to feed on decomposing leaves (e.g., C. xanthus Rempel (1939) on P.brasiliensis and M.guyanensis). Our results suggest that some stream chironomids (not typical shredders) can use leaf litter of riparian vegetation as a complementary food source.

scholarly journals Chironomid larvae inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata in a fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest in Rio de Janeiro State

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
VM. Sodré ◽  
O. Rocha ◽  
MC. Messias
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
First Record ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Numerical Abundance ◽  
The City ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Janeiro City

A study of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) occurring in phytotelmata of Bromeliaceae was carried out in a fragment of the Atlantic Rain Forest in an area of the city of Magé, Pau Grande, one of the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro City, during a period of 13 months between September 2006 and September 2007. Eight samplings were performed at intervals of 1 ½ months and the content of the phytotelmata of the bromeliad species Neoregelia concentrica (Vellozo) L.B. Smith, 1934 and Aechmea nudicaulis (Linnaeus) Grisebach, 1864, were examined. A taxonomical inventory and evaluation of the numerical abundance of Chironomidae larvae were performed in 50 specimens of the bromeliads, being 13 individuals of N. concentrica and 37 of A. nudicaulis. Three taxa of Chironomidae belonging to three distinct subfamilies were recorded: Polypedilum sp., Orthocladiinae genus A and Monopelopia sp. A total of 293 individuals of Chironomidae, were recorded, being 9 Polypedilum sp., 233 Orthocladiinae genus A, and 51 Monopelopia sp., the latter representing the first record of Monopelopia in phytotelmata in Rio de Janeiro State. Considering all samples, a mean density of 3.32 ± 2.62 chironomid larvae per phytotelmata was recorded. There was a positive relationship between the chironomid abundance and both precipitation and the volume of water in the phytotelmata. Apparently there is no preference by the chironomids regarding the colonistion of the bromeliad species.

Baeoctenus bicolor (Diptera: Chironomidae) Parasitic in Unionid Bivalve Molluscs, and Notes on Other Chironomid–Bivalve Associations

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gordon ◽  
B. K. Swan ◽  
C. G. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Parasitic Association

Parasitic association of Baeoctenus bicolor Sæther with the bivalves Anodonta cataracta and A. implicata in Morice Lake, New Brunswick, is described. An intimate relationship was also found between an undescribed genus of orthoclad (near Phycoidella) and A. cataracta but not A. implicata. Neither chironomid species was found in the other two genera of unionids that occur in the lake. Key words: Baeoctenus bicolor, Chironomidae, parasitism, Unionidae, Anodonta cataracta

Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum on survival, grazing and behavioral response of three ecologically important bivalve molluscs

Harmful Algae ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan P. May ◽  
JoAnn M. Burkholder ◽  
Sandra E. Shumway ◽  
Hélène Hégaret ◽  
Gary H. Wikfors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
Alexandrium Monilatum

Phytofaun of Eleven Macrophyte Beds of Differing Trophic Status, Depth, and Composition

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 992-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Lalonde ◽  
John A. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Numerical Abundance ◽  
Surface Correlations ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Macrophyte beds in 11 lakes of differing trophic conditions were sampled intensively to examine the influence of macrophyte abundance and composition, epiphyton biomass, phytoplankton concentration, and water depth on the abundance of phytophilous invertebrates. Numerical abundance and biomass of phytofaunal taxa were only weakly correlated. Phytofauna biomass ranged from 17 to 270 mg dry mass∙g macrophyte dry mass−1(1–29 g dry mass∙m−2) among the macrophyte beds. Multiple regression analysis showed that total phytofaunal biomass was positively correlated with the biomass of the three primary producers in the littoral zone: macrophytes, epiphyton, and phytoplankton. Phytofauna biomasses in deeper macrophyte beds or near the water surface were lower than those found in shallower water or near the sediment surface. Correlations of phytofauna biomass with macrophytes, epiphyton, and depth varied somewhat among phytofaunal taxa. The phytofauna biomass was often dominated by chironomid larvae, but gastropods, water mites, and oligochaetes were also important components of the phytofauna biomass. Small crustaceans such as cladocerans and copepods frequently were numerically dominant but usually composed only a small fraction of the biomass. Preference of various invertebrate taxonomic groups for particular species of aquatic macrophyte was slight.

SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
D.R. Hill ◽  
J.R. McCurry ◽  
L.P. Elliott ◽  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.

Fine structural morphology of immunocytes of some molluscs and insects

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
S.G. Pal ◽  
G. Baur ◽  
B. Ghosh ◽  
S. Palit ◽  
S. Modak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Meretrix Meretrix ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

In recent years some of the blood cells of several molluscs and insects are characterised as immunocytes. Similar cells from a few invertebrates from India have been looked into under conventional TEM to register the ultrastructural features. This type of study is first of its kind in the subcontinent. Immunocytes from bivalve molluscs Meretrix meretrix, Laroellidens marqinalis and two insect species, apterygote Ctenolepism a longicaudata and pterygote Gesonula punctifrons provide a new set of fine structural information which forms a basis of comparison with those studied earlier.Immunocytes have been collected from the fresh live species of bivalve molluscs and insects obtained locally at Calcutta. These were fixed in icecold 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2-7.4) for 1-2 hours at 4-5°C. Subseguently pellets were post-osmicated in 1% OsO4 at room temperature for 1-2 hours. Following dehydration these were embedded in Araldite mixture in plastic capsules and polymerization was effected for 2 days at 60°C. Ultrathin sections were cut in a ultrotome and sections were double stained with Uranyl acetate and lead citrate. These were viewed in a TEM.

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