Gill morphometrics, vessel dimensions, and vascular resistance in ling cod, Ophiodon elongatus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Gill Filament ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Vascular Casts ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Respiratory Network ◽  
Vascular Geometry ◽  
Ling Cod

The morphology, morphometric relationships, and vascular geometry were established for ling cod gills using fixed tissue and vascular casts. Calculations using Poiseuillian and sheet flow equations permitted predictions of the resistance and the pressure drop in various vessels of the respiratory network in the gill filament. It was found that the afferent lamellar arteriole was the major vascular resistance. Blood transit times through the gills were also calculated and discussed.

Vascular pathways in the gill of ling cod, Ophiodon elongatus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Respiratory Network ◽  
Gill Lamellae ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Ling Cod

Corrosion plastic casts were made of the gill vasculature in ling cod (Ophiodon elongatus) using methyl methacrylate. The vessels afferent and efferent to the gills are described, as well as the microvasculature of the filament. There is a respiratory network and a venolymphatic network. The venolymphatic network is derived from efferent arteries and thus all cardiac output must pass through the gill lamellae.

The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: X. Proximate Analysis of Ling Cod

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-462
Author(s):  
F. D. White
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Ling Cod ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Separate proximate analyses of the flesh and skin of three freshly-caught ling cod (Ophiodon elongatus) from the east coast of Vancouver island are reported. Average percentages of protein in the flesh and skin were 18.1 and 26.9 (moist) or 87.0 and 88.5 (dry); ash, 1.2 and 2.5 (moist); fat, negligible; Calories per 100 g. (moist), 81 and 117.

Observations on Some Pacific Diatoms as the Food of Copepods and Fishes

1937 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Platichthys Stellatus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Parophrys Vetulus ◽  
Ling Cod

An investigation to determine what species of diatoms are used as food by different species of copepods: Calanus tonsus, Euchaeta japonica, Metridia lucens, Harpacticus uniremis, and Diosaccus spinatus. Also to determine the food chains between diatoms, copepods, and the following fish: Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii; chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta; spring salmon, O. tschawytscha; dogfish, Squalus suckleyi; ling cod, Ophiodon elongatus; rockfish, Sebastodes caurinus; starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus; lemon sole, Parophrys vetulus; yellow-finned surffish, Damalichthys vacca; blue perch, Taeniotoca lateralis, and yellow shiner, Cymatogaster aggregatus. Stomach, intestines, and excreta were examined for the presence of diatoms. Almost all the common diatoms were found to be used as food by the copepods. The copepods and herring were found to be important links in the food chains between diatoms and the larger fishes.

Intralamellar blood flow patterns in fish gills

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. R428-R436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell ◽  
S. S. Sobin ◽  
D. J. Randall ◽  
S. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blood Flow Patterns ◽  
Ling Cod

The dimensions of the lamellar vascular sheet in ling cod gills were examined over a range of transmural pressures (delta Plam). The mean vascular sheet thickness (h) increased linearly with delta Plam over the range 30-60 cmH2O, where h = 8.36 + 0.07 delta Plam. The vascular space-to-tissue ratio, however, was unchanged over the pressure range examined. Thus sheet flow equations, formerly derived for the interalveolar wall of the mammalian lungs, can be used to describe blood flow through the lamellae. Predictions were made on the distribution of blood flow within the lamella. When delta Plam and flow are raised, blood flow is redistributed away from the base of the lamella, since regional variations exist in the thickness and the vascular compliance of the lamellar sheet. Variations in the pattern of intralamellar blood flow are likely to affect gas transfer in the gills.

Influence of pulmonary vasoconstriction on lung water and perfusion heterogeneity

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dawson ◽  
T. A. Bronikowski ◽  
J. H. Linehan ◽  
T. S. Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Lower Lung

To determine the influence of pulmonary vasoconstriction on lung tissue perfusion, we examined the effects of hypoxia, sympathetic nerve stimulation, and histamine on vascular resistance, blood, and extravascular volumes, weight, and the distribution of vascular transit times in dog left lower lung lobes perfused in situ. Hypoxia, sympathetic stimulation, and histamine increased pulmonary vascular resistance by 1.96, 1.42, and 2.02 times and increased the relative dispersion of the transit time distributions by 1.49, 1.30, and 1.71 times the control values, respectively. Hypoxia and sympathetic stimulation tended to decrease the blood volume accessible to indocyanine green dye and the lobe weight. On the other hand, histamine infusion, which also decreased the volume accessible to the dye, increased the lobe weight. Despite this increase in weight, histamine infusion resulted in a decrease in the extra-vascular volume accessible to 3HOH. These results indicate that these vasoconstrictor stimuli increased the heterogeneity of transit times through the lung lobe and decreased the flowing blood volume. In addition, histamine decreased the size of the perfused microvascular bed, indicating that pulmonary vasoconstriction can influence the local pattern of microvascular perfusion.

Cerebral Tissue Response in Chronic Electrode Implantation

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
R.F. Dodson ◽  
L.W-F Chu ◽  
N. Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Electrode Implantation ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Micron Diameter ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Electrode Sheath

The extent of damage surrounding an implanted electrode in the cerebral cortex is a question of significant importance with regard to attaining consistency and validity of physiological recordings. In order to determine the extent of such tissue changes, 150 micron diameter platinum electrodes were implanted in the cortex of four adult baboons, and after eight days the animals were sacrificed by whole body perfusion with a 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M phosphate fixative.The calvarium was carefully removed and the electrode tracts were readily discernible in the firm, glutaraldehyde fixed tissue.Careful dissection of the zone of the electrode tract resulted in a small block which was further sectioned into tip, mid-tract and surface areas. Ultrastructurally, damage extended from the electrode sheath to the greatest extent of from 0.2 to 3.5 mm.

A New Human Breast Tumor Cell Line

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
R.E. Nordquist ◽  
R.M. Wasik ◽  
P.J. Riggs ◽  
P.L. Munson ◽  
F.B. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Excised Tissue ◽  
Caucasian Female

An infiltrating ductal cell carcinoma was removed from the breast of a postmenopausal Caucasian female. The excised tissue was divided into three parts; one part for electron microscopy, one part for tissue culture and the remainder frozen for immunological studies.The tissue for culture was minced finely with sterile razor blades and cultured in Falcon flasks containing Eagel's MEM supplemented with 10% heat denatured fetal calf serum. The tissue for electron microscopy was fixed in 6.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M PO4 buffer plus 5% sucrose and postfixed in 1% OsO4 in the same buffer. The fixed tissue was dehydrated in graded ethanol and embedded in Spurr.The tissue which was cultured began to grow out after approximately six weeks and became a continuous epithelial cell line which was designated BOT-2 (Breast Original Tumor). Electron microscopic examination revealed that these cells had epithelial characteristics, i.e. the presence of tonofilaments and well formed desmosomes.

Microvasculature and structure of hemal lymph nodes in the wall of the rabbit bladder: a vascular corrosion casting and EM study

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1074-1075
Author(s):  
F.E. Hossler ◽  
M.I. McKamey ◽  
F.C. Monson
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Infusion Pressure ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Rabbit Bladder ◽  
Lateral Walls ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of the microvasculature of the normal rabbit bladder, revealed unusual "capillary glomeruli" along the lateral walls. Here they are characterized as hemal lymph nodes using light microscopy, SEM, TEM, ink injection, and vascular casting.Bladders were perfused via a cannula placed in the abdominal aorta with either 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) for fixation, 10% India ink in 0.9% saline and 0.1M phosphate (pH 7.4) for vessel tracing, or resin (Mercoximethylmethacrylate: catalyst, 4:1:0.3; Ladd Research Industries) for vascular corrosion casting. Infusion pressure was 100mm Hg. Fixed tissue was sectioned from epon-araldyte resin, and stained with toluidine blue for light microscopy, and lead and uranium for TEM. Ink injected tissue was photographed directly from saline-filled bladders illuminated from below. Resin-filled tissue was macerated in 5% KOH and distilled water. Casts were critical point dried, sputter coated with goldpalladium, and examined by routine SEM at 10 KV.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document