Vascular pathways in the gill of ling cod, Ophiodon elongatus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Respiratory Network ◽  
Gill Lamellae ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Ling Cod

Corrosion plastic casts were made of the gill vasculature in ling cod (Ophiodon elongatus) using methyl methacrylate. The vessels afferent and efferent to the gills are described, as well as the microvasculature of the filament. There is a respiratory network and a venolymphatic network. The venolymphatic network is derived from efferent arteries and thus all cardiac output must pass through the gill lamellae.

Gill morphometrics, vessel dimensions, and vascular resistance in ling cod, Ophiodon elongatus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Gill Filament ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Vascular Casts ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Respiratory Network ◽  
Vascular Geometry ◽  
Ling Cod

The morphology, morphometric relationships, and vascular geometry were established for ling cod gills using fixed tissue and vascular casts. Calculations using Poiseuillian and sheet flow equations permitted predictions of the resistance and the pressure drop in various vessels of the respiratory network in the gill filament. It was found that the afferent lamellar arteriole was the major vascular resistance. Blood transit times through the gills were also calculated and discussed.

Biplane ventriculography in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. H131-H136
Author(s):  
J. L. Heckman ◽  
L. Garvin ◽  
T. Brown ◽  
W. Stevenson-Smith ◽  
W. P. Santamore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume

Biplane ventriculography was performed on nine intact anesthetized rats. Images of the left ventricle large enough for analysis were obtained by placing the rats close to the radiographic tubes (direct enlargement). Sampling rates, adequate for heart rates of 500 beats/min, were obtained by filming at 500 frames/s. From the digitized silhouettes of the left ventricle the following information was obtained (means +/- SE): end-diastolic volume 0.60 +/- 0.03 ml, end-systolic volume 0.22 +/- 0.02 ml, stroke volume 0.38 +/- 0.02 ml, ejection fraction 0.63 +/- 0.02, cardiac output 118 +/- 7 ml/min, diastolic septolateral dimension 0.41 +/- 0.01 mm, diastolic anteroposterior dimension 0.40 +/- 0.01 mm, diastolic base-to-apex dimension 1.58 +/- 0.04 mm. To determine the accuracy with which the volume of the ventricle could be measured, 11 methyl methacrylate casts of the left ventricle were made. The correlation was high (r = 0.99 +/- 0.02 ml E) between the cast volumes determined by water displacement and by use of two monoplane methods (Simpson's rule of integration and the area-length method applied to the analysis of the anteroposterior films) and a biplane method (area-length). These results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain accurate dimensions and volumes of the rat left ventricle by use of high-speed ventriculography.

The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: X. Proximate Analysis of Ling Cod

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-462
Author(s):  
F. D. White
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Ling Cod ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Separate proximate analyses of the flesh and skin of three freshly-caught ling cod (Ophiodon elongatus) from the east coast of Vancouver island are reported. Average percentages of protein in the flesh and skin were 18.1 and 26.9 (moist) or 87.0 and 88.5 (dry); ash, 1.2 and 2.5 (moist); fat, negligible; Calories per 100 g. (moist), 81 and 117.

Cardiovascular changes in the unanaesthetized lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) during short-term, progressive hypoxia and spontaneous activity

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Progressive Hypoxia ◽  
Conductance Changes

Cardiac output [Formula: see text] and arterial blood pressures in the ventral and dorsal aortae (PVAnd PDA) were measured directly and simultaneously in the lingcod. The branchial and systemic conductances to blood flow (Gg and Gs) were calculated. During progressive hypoxia [Formula: see text], Gg, Gs, PVA, and PDA were all reduced when the water [Formula: see text] decreased below 45 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). Spontaneous activity was characterized by an initial bradycardia and concurrent reduction in [Formula: see text], Gg, Gs, PVA, and PDA. Longer periods of activity were subsequently followed by a period of restitution where [Formula: see text], Gg, Gs, PVA, and PDA were all elevated.The beat by beat oscillations in flow were usually synchronized with, and in the same direction as, those in vascular conductance during both activity and hypoxia. This synchrony was most apparent between Gs and [Formula: see text] during the rapid cardiovascular adjustments occurring with activity. It is suggested that the observed relationship between flow and conductance changes was a result of passive changes in conductance when flow was altered, plus an active component which involved reflex vasoactivity.

Observations on Some Pacific Diatoms as the Food of Copepods and Fishes

1937 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Platichthys Stellatus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Parophrys Vetulus ◽  
Ling Cod

An investigation to determine what species of diatoms are used as food by different species of copepods: Calanus tonsus, Euchaeta japonica, Metridia lucens, Harpacticus uniremis, and Diosaccus spinatus. Also to determine the food chains between diatoms, copepods, and the following fish: Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii; chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta; spring salmon, O. tschawytscha; dogfish, Squalus suckleyi; ling cod, Ophiodon elongatus; rockfish, Sebastodes caurinus; starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus; lemon sole, Parophrys vetulus; yellow-finned surffish, Damalichthys vacca; blue perch, Taeniotoca lateralis, and yellow shiner, Cymatogaster aggregatus. Stomach, intestines, and excreta were examined for the presence of diatoms. Almost all the common diatoms were found to be used as food by the copepods. The copepods and herring were found to be important links in the food chains between diatoms and the larger fishes.

scholarly journals The flow of blood to lymph nodes and its relation to lymphocyte traffic and the immune response.

1977 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Hay ◽  
B B Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

The blood flow to individual lymph nodes of sheep and rabbits has been determined with 85Sr-labeled microspheres. A popliteal node of the sheep received 0.014% of the cardiac output and a comparable node in the rabbit 0.011%. A sheep lymph node weighing 1 g received an average of 24 ml/h of blood. It was calculated that there was a highly selective removal of lymphocytes by the node and that an equivalent to one in every four lymphocytes that entered a normal lymph node migrated out of the blood, through the substance of the node, and into the efferent lymph. During the immune response to either allogeneic lymphocytes or tuberculin, the blood flow to sheep lymph nodes, even without considering the increase in node weight, increased an average of fourfold. During the primary immune response in the rabbit to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, the blood flow increased threefold. The increase in blood flow preceded the antigen-induced increase in lymphocyte traffic recorded in the efferent lymph. The early phase of increased blood flow was considered to be due to hyperemia, whereas the latter phase had a significant angiogenesis component. It was calculated that an equivalent to 60% of the entire mobilizable pool of lymphocytes could pass through an average lymph node in the blood during an immune response lasting 5 days.

The attachment of the ancyrocephalid monogenean Haliotrema balisticus to the gills of the trigger fish, Balistes capriscus (= carolinensis)

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Kearn
Keyword(s):  
Gill Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Advantage ◽  
Balistes Capriscus ◽  
Free Region ◽  
The Face ◽  
Gill Lamellae ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Subsidiary Roles ◽  
Extrinsic Muscles

Haliotrema balisticus attaches itself between the secondary gill lamellae of its host, Balistes caprisctis (= carolinensis), by means of a pair of ventral hamuli, which point ventrolaterally, and a pair of dorsal hamuli which point in a dorsal direction. The ventral hamuli, each of which pivots at the end of a ventral connecting bar, are operated by a pair of extrinsic muscles. The tendinous regions of these muscles pass through fibrous loops attached to the ventral hamuli and then join each other in the mid-line. Such an arrangement has a high mechanical advantage which may reduce the expenditure of energy required to maintain the hamuli in position in the gill tissue in the face of a strong gillventilating current and may also preserve the mobility of the free region of the body.The dorsal hamuli are not operated by the muscles and tendons associated with the ventral hamuli.Marginal hooklets and glands play subsidiary roles in attachment.I wish to express my thanks to Commander J. Parreira, Director of the Aquario Vasco da Gama in Lisbon, and to the Staff of the Aquario, in particular to Mr A. Ferreira, for their kind assistance and hospitality. I am also grateful to Dr Maria Monteiro and to Dr Maria Baptista. I am indebted to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation for a grant which made my visit to Portugal possible.

Cardiovascular Changes in the Lingcod (Ophiodon Elongatus) Following Adrenergic and Cholinergic Drug Infusions

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-305
Author(s):  
A. P. FARRELL
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cholinergic Agonists ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Flow Profiles ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Ventral Aorta ◽  
Cholinergic Drug

Adrenergic and cholinergic agonists were infused into the ventral aorta to evoke gill vasoactivity in the lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus. Arterial blood pressures were changed, and cardiac output and stroke volume were increased. As a consequence both the pressure and flow profiles across the gill were altered, and these changes should alter the pattern of lamellar perfusion. The changes in cardiac function were apparently reflexly mediated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document