Evidence for permanent population differences in the annual cycle of plasma "antifreeze" levels of winter flounder

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Fletcher ◽  
J. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Plasma Electrolytes ◽  
Nova Scotian ◽  
Two Populations

Seasonal changes in plasma freezing point depression and Cl− concentration in a population of Nova Scotian winter flounder were compared with the seasonal changes which occurred in a population of Newfoundland flounder. The plasma protein "antifreeze" component of the freezing point depression was computed by subtracting the freezing point depression due to the concentration of plasma electrolytes from the total plasma freezing point depression.In Nova Scotian flounder the plasma "antifreeze" level increased approximately 1 month later and declined 2 months earlier than it did in Newfoundland flounder. These differences between the two populations of fish correlated with the regional differences in seawater temperature.When Nova Scotian flounder were transferred to Newfoundland and maintained under Newfoundland conditions of water temperature and photoperiod they retained their plasma "antifreeze" cycle for the duration of the study (approximately 1 year).These results suggest that the timing of the annual plasma "antifreeze" cycle may be a permanent feature of the flounder's physiology and that water temperature does not directly control it. It is hypothesized that some aspects of the annual antifreeze cycle may be endogenous and that if photoperiod plays a role in its regulation the differences between Newfoundland and Nova Scotia are too slight for the cycle to be adjusted in 1 year.

The effects of hypophysectomy on seasonal changes in plasma freezing-point depression, protein 'antifreeze,' and Na+ and Cl− concentrations of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Fletcher ◽  
C. M. Campbell ◽  
C. L. Hew
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Annual Changes

The annual changes in plasma Na+ and Cl− concentrations took place in the absence of the pituitary, although the magnitude of the change was significantly reduced. The annual increase in plasma freezing-point depression also occurred in the absence of the pituitary. However the decrease normally observed in the spring and early summer did not occur.Sham-operated winter flounder transferred from ambient seawater (−1 °C) and day length to warm water (6–12 °C) and 18-h day length showed a reduction in plasma Cl− concentration and freezing-point depression and a loss of the protein 'antifreeze.' Hypophysectomized flounder treated in the same way showed a reduction in plasma Cl−, but no decline in freezing-point depression and protein 'antifreeze.'These results suggest that an intact pituitary is necessary for the disappearance of the protein 'antifreeze' from the plasma of the winter flounder.

Seasonal changes in the plasma levels of glycoprotein antifreeze, Na+, Cl−, and glucose in Newfoundland Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1851-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Fletcher ◽  
D. Slaughter ◽  
C. L. Hew
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Antifreeze Glycoproteins ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Two Peaks

A seasonal study was carried out on the hematocrits, plasma freezing point depression, and thermal hysteresis, and plasma Na+, Cl−, total protein, and glucose concentrations in laboratory maintained Atlantic cod. Significant thermal hysteresis was evident in the plasma during the months of January to May indicating the presence of antifreeze glycoproteins. Plasma freezing point depression and Na+ and Cl− concentrations were highest during the winter months and lowest during the summer. Two peaks in glucose levels were evident; one in February and the other in July. No seasonal changes were evident in hematocrits and total plasma protein concentrations.

Circannual cycles of blood plasma freezing point and Na+ and Cl− concentrations in Newfoundland winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus): correlation with water temperature and photoperiod

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Circannual Cycles

A 4-year field program was conducted on the winter flounder to correlate changes in plasma Na+, Cl−, and freezing-point depression with sea-floor water and sediment temperatures, day length, salinity, depth of capture, and observations on burrowing in sediments.Plasma Na+, Cl−, and freezing-point depression showed annual cycles with maxima in winter (January–April) (temperature −1.1 to −1.4 °C) and minima in summer (July–October) (10–14 °C). The change in freezing-point depression from summer to winter was about 0.65 °C, 20% of this was attributable to Na+ and Cl− and the remaining 80% to the presence of an 'antifreeze.' The data suggest that plasma 'antifreeze' appeared in November (4–6 °C) and disappeared during May (−1.0 to 3 °C). During the winter the flounder were found only in the deeper areas of the sampling site and were usually buried up to 12–15 cm in the sediments which were warmer (0.1 to 0.4 °C) than the seawater.The plasma Na+, Cl−, and freezing-point depression of winter flounder held in the laboratory for 7 days were always significantly lower than the field-sampled fish. The differences between these two groups was greatest during the summer, suggesting that the effects of 'stress' during capture differ seasonaly.

Depression of freezing temperature of water and water solutions in porous materials

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2644-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Schneider ◽  
Jiří Rathouský
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Water Solutions

In porous materials filled with water or water solutions of inorganic salts, water freezes at lower temperatures than under normal conditions; the reason is the decrease of water vapor tension above the convex meniscus of liquid in pores. The freezing point depression is not very significant in pores with radii from 0.05 μm to 10 μm (about 0.01-2.5 K). Only in smaller pores, especially when filled with inorganic salt solutions, this depression is important.

scholarly journals Freezing point depression and freeze-thaw damage by nanofluidic salt trapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingtao Zhou ◽  
Mohammad Mirzadeh ◽  
Roland J.-M. Pellenq ◽  
Martin Z. Bazant
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Freeze Thaw
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