scholarly journals Coexistence and resource partitioning in two species of darters (Percidae), Etheostoma nigrum and Percina maculata

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2061-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Smart ◽  
John H. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Modes Of Life ◽  
Dimensions Of Space

This study investigated partitioning of resources along the dimensions of space, food, and time by johnny darters (Etheostoma nigrum) and blackside darters (Percina maculata). Although both species were abundant in the midcourse of the Whitemouth River and occurred together in all habitats, space was partitioned on a vertical basis. Johnny darters were exclusively benthic whereas blackside darters were much less restricted to the bottom. The latter retained a well developed swim bladder permitting use of the vertical component of the environment. Partitioning of food resources occurred and although similar taxa were consumed by both species (aquatic insects and Crustacea) the proportions were not similar. Johnny darters fed mainly on benthic items whereas blackside darters ate pelagic items. Differences in protrusibility of premaxilla, position of the mouth and eyes, retinal acuity, and number and morphology of gill rakers reflected different modes of life. There was no evidence of partitioning by time.

scholarly journals Aquatic insects as the main food resource of fish the community in a Neotropical reservoir

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Vidotto-Magnoni ◽  
Edmir Daniel Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Tietê River ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

We evaluated the feeding of fish species of the Nova Avanhandava Reservoir, low Tietê River, São Paulo State, Brazil. Fishes were collected in two stretches of the reservoir: Santa Bárbara (14 samples) and Bonito (two samples) between September 2002 and March 2004, using gill and seining nets. The results of stomach contents analysis were expressed with the frequency of occurrence and gravimetric method, combined in the Alimentary Index (AI). The 20 species studied consumed 52 food items, grouped in 10 food categories: aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, crustaceans, fish, macroinvertebrates, microcrustaceans, algae, vegetal matter, detritus/sediment and scales. The aquatic insects (mainly Chironomidae, Odonata and Ephemeroptera) were the most common food resources, consumed by 18 species. The diet composition of the community (species grouped) indicated that the dominant food category in the diet of fishes was aquatic insects (AI = 77.6%), followed by crustaceans (AI = 7.1%). Four trophic guilds were identified according a cluster analysis (Pearson distance): insectivorous (10 species), omnivorous (4 species), detritivorous (3 species) and piscivorous/carcinophagous (3 species). Despite the highest number of species, the insectivorous guild was responsible for more than 80% in captures in number and biomass (CPUEn and CPUEb). The low values of niche breadth presented by all species, along with the low values of diet overlap between species pairs indicate a high degree of food resources partitioning among species. The aquatic insects, despite being the main food resource of insectivorous fishes, also complemented the diet of other species, which demonstrate the importance of this food resource for the fish community, sustaining a high diversity, abundance and biomass of fishes.

Variation saisonnière dans la répartition des ressources alimentaires entre cinq espèces de poissons en fonction de la disponibilité des proies

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élyse Harnois ◽  
Richard Couture ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Variation Saisonnière ◽  
Golden Shiner ◽  
Food Overlap ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Benthic Resources

We observed that yellow perch, Perca flavescens, golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, spottail shiner, Notropis hudsonius, and log perch, Percina caprodes, partitioned food resources in relation to resource abundance in a small bay of Lake Saint-Pierre, Quebec. When the abundance of benthic resources was at its lowest, in May 1988, the fish showed a very low overlap in their diet. In contrast, when these resources were most abundant, in August 1988, the four species had a high degree of food overlap. Two other sampling periods, in June and July, revealed intermediate situations. A fifth species, the silvery minnow, Hybognathus nuchalis, was phytophagous and, therefore, did not compete with the other species for food resources. An ecomorphological analysis of the first four species suggests that these partition food resources according to their functional morphology. Our results support Schoener's hypothesis, which states that the intensity of interspecific competition, in terms of resource partitioning, varies according to the abundance of these resources.

scholarly journals Feeding and trophic ecomorphology of Satanoperca pappaterra (Pisces, Cichlidae) in the Manso Reservoir, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Segatti Hahn ◽  
Fabiane Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Food Resources ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Pharyngeal Teeth ◽  
Chironomidae Larvae ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship between diet and features of the trophic ecomorphology of Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 1840) in an impacted environment. Samples were collected from March 2000 to February 2003 in Manso Reservoir, Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso State. Analysis of 93 stomachs contents showed that food resources associated with the substrate, such as plant remains, detritus, fish scales and Chironomidae larvae, dominated the diet. Consequently this species was characterized as a detritivorous-invertivorous. However, individuals collected in 2003 showed a greater selection of benthic organisms in relation to previous periods. Morphological structures such as position of the mouth, form of the lips, gill rakers and pharyngeal teeth, in addition to the length of the intestine, showed specializations correlated with the diet. However, as long as the food was associated with the substrate, it seemed to be selected according to its abundance in the environment.

Resource partitioning within a browsing guild in a key habitat, the Chobe Riverfront, Botswana

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimane W. Makhabu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Elephant Population

Resource partitioning between elephant, giraffe, kudu and impala was assessed. This was to address concerns that elephant population increase adversely affects other species through depleting their food in key areas close to permanent water. Resources considered were woody species browsed, height browsed and plant parts browsed. Animals were observed as they browsed and the plant species, browsing heights and plant parts browsed were recorded. Observations were made over 1 y and the data were divided between wet and dry season. Schoener's index of resource use overlap was calculated for plant species, browsing heights and plant parts eaten and differences in overlap between wet and dry season were tested. Levin's measure of niche breadth in plant species utilized by the different browsers was calculated. Woody species identity was the main separator between food resources that elephant used and those giraffe, impala and kudu used. Giraffe, kudu and impala mainly browsed the same species and plant parts but browsed at different heights. There was no difference in resource use overlap between seasons with different resource availability. Since elephant browsed different woody species from those browsed by the others, it is unlikely that the increasing elephant population will deplete food resources for the other browsers.

Resource use within the crab-eating guild of the upper Kairezi River, Zimbabwe

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. A. Butler ◽  
Brian E. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Prey Item ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Invertebrate Drift

ABSTRACTCape clawless otters Aonyx capensis and African mottled eels Anguilla bengalensis were suspected of reducing numbers of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the upper Kairezi River, Zimbabwe, by preying on them and competing for the river crab Potamon perlatus. The analysis of otter, eel and trout diets showed that this is unlikely. Trout was an unimportant prey item for otters, none were found in the stomachs of 13 large eels, and any predation was probably minimised by the low densities of these predators. Some competition was probably present because crabs occurred in the diets of otters (relative occurrence 41.9%), eels (63.2%) and trout (7.4%), but it was impossible to quantify. Since these predators shared the crab food resource, the guild concept provided the basis for an analysis of their potential competitive relationships. Comparisons between the sizes of crabs selected and those available suggested that resource partitioning was occurring. Trout selected small crabs from the invertebrate drift, and because they were restricted by their mouth gapes. Otters and large eels ate larger, more abundant crab sizes; it is proposed that they instead partition resources spatially by feeding in separate micro-habitats. Intraguild predation by otters on eels may benefit trout by reducing competition for aquatic insects. Competition within the guild probably recedes in the dry season, when eels become inactive.

Floral Resources Partitioning by Two Co-occurring Eusocial Bees in an Afromontane Landscape

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Robert Tropek ◽  
Eliska Padysakova ◽  
Eliska Padysakova ◽  
Stepan Janecek ◽  
Stepan Janecek
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Foraging Preferences ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Eusocial Bees ◽  
Food Niches

Floral preferences of generalist foragers such as eusocial bees influence the success of pollination of many flowering plants, as well as competition with many other bee species in tropical communities. Eusocial bees are important for the pollination success of many flowering plants, as well as for food resources availability for many other species. However, their foraging preferences are still unknown in many tropical areas, especially in the Afrotropics. We studied the foraging activity of two syntopic eusocial bees with large colonies, the honeybee Apis mellifera Linnaeus and the stingless bee Meliplebeia ogouensis (Vachal), on seven plant species in the Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon, in two consecutive years. Simultaneously, we quantified intra- and inter-annual changes in the food resources. We observed resource partitioning among the two bee species. Although both species are considered as generalists, their short-term food niches overlap was very low. Their preferences to the most often visited plants differed even more strongly interannually. Our results bring the first evidence on such relatively strong resource partitioning among two dominant eusocial bee species from West/Central Africa.

scholarly journals A NEW SPECIES OF FISH OF THEÜENUS Stellifer (PERCIFORMES: SCIAENIDAE) FROM THE SOUTH CARIBBEAN SEA

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orangel Aguilera ◽  
Oscar David Solano ◽  
Julio Valdez
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Gill Filament ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Interorbital Width ◽  
A New Species

The genus Stellifer is charaterized by its lack of mental barbels, interorbital width 3.5 or less in head, swim bladder with two chambers, the anterior with a pair of diverticula located posterolateralÿ, cavernous head, gill rakers long and slender; otoliths sagittae and lapillus enlarged. A new species of Stellifer is described. This species is characterized by the presence of a pair of small bulb-like diverticula in the anterior chamber of the swim bladder, dark first gill arch, with 42-49 gill rakers, the longest of them larger in length than the gill filament located at angle of arch, and four mental pores. Differs from other species of the genus by the number of gill rakers. The more similar species is S. rastrifer of which differs in that it has different number of preopercular spines and mental pores.

Morphologie bucco-linguale d'une guilde de canards barboteurs

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2176-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Tremblay ◽  
Richard Couture
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dabbling Ducks ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Interspecific Variations ◽  
Duck Species ◽  
Black Duck

Interspecific variations of bucco-lingual characteristics were measured in a guild of dabbling ducks and the influence of these characteristics on the use of food resources was studied. Morphological characters of the bill and tongue were measured in eight species of dabbling ducks of the genus Anas. Our results show that there are interspecific differences in the bucco-lingual characteristics of all species studied except for the Black Duck (Anas rubripes) and the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). There was a significant correlation between the density of bill lamellae and the weight of the species (r = −0.935, P < 0.01). In six species, the density of the lamellae was correlated with the volumetric index of the bill (r = −0.960, P < 0.01). These results indicate that in species with large bills the density of the lamellae is low, whereas in species with small bills, the number of lamellae is high. The volumetric index of the bill was significantly related to the average weight of each duck species (r = −0.905, P < 0.01). Dabbling ducks that filter benthic material can thus be classified on a scale based on lamellar density and bill volume. The differences in bucco-lingual morphlogical characters seem to reflect a mode of resource partitioning that diminishes competition.[Journal translation]

Feeding Strategies and Partition of Food Resources in Deep-Water Decapod Crustaceans (400–2300 m)

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Cartes
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Food Resource Partitioning

Food resource partitioning and trends in feeding strategies were examined in 3882 individual decapod crustaceans collected from 1989 to 1990, using bottom trawls at depths between 380 and 2261 m in the Catalan Sea (western Mediterranean). The vertical distribution of available food resources near the bottom was the most important factor responsible for food resource partitioning among bathyal decapod crustaceans by depth stratum and season. Decapods were assigned to five different trophic groups according to the food resource exploited and feeding strategy employed (macroplankton feeders, macroplankton-epibenthic feeders, epibenthic feeders, epibenthic-endobenthic feeders, and deposit feeders). There was little dietary overlap, indicating that species did partition the available resources. Overall, dietary overlap values among species increased with depth. Although a trend to increase H’ values for diets with depth was observed, this was not significant (P < 0.10), whereas differences in the percentage of empty stomachs and the frequency of foraminiferans and pteropods in the foreguts increased significantly (P < 0.05) with depth. This last result is indicative of a progressive increase in the importance of deposit feeding in decapod crustaceans as depth increases.

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