Responses of Atlantic salmon alevins to temperature gradients

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1424-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Peterson ◽  
J. L. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Distributional Change

Newly hatched Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) alevins aggregated in the lowest temperature available in a temperature gradient, possibly because of lower levels of locomotor activity at lower temperatures. At approximately 250 degree-days after hatching, alevins demonstrated a temperature selection capability and no longer aggregated in the lowest temperature. Possible mechanisms underlying the observed distributional change in a temperature gradient are discussed.

Thermal Acclimation and Temperature Selection in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, and Rainbow Trout, S. gairdneri

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yaqub Javaid ◽  
John M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Horizontal Gradient ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

The selected temperature for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, as determined in a horizontal gradient, increases with acclimation temperature over the acclimation range 5–20 C for salmon and 10–20 C for trout. The final preferendum for salmon is about 17 C. The results for rainbow trout suggest that the type of gradient used, i.e. vertical or horizontal, has a marked influence on the experimentally determined relation between acclimation temperature and selected temperature.

Timing of Spawning in Norwegian Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor G. Heggberget
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

A hypothesis that thermal regime regulates the timing of spawning in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was analysed by correlating time of commencement and peak of spawning in 16 Norwegian streams with temperature, latitude, and stream flow. Only temperature during incubation of the eggs proved to have any statistically significant effect. Since the duration of egg incubation is known to depend on temperature regime (i.e. on degree-days), a similar linking of spawning time to stream temperature allows spawning to occur at a time which will result in hatching of eggs at a specific and presumably optimal time for survival of fry.

Temperature Selection of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) as Influenced by Various Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Exposure Levels

The effects of previous exposure to p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDE, and methoxychlor on temperature selection by juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a horizontal temperature gradient were similar. Exposure to low concentrations resulted in no change or a decrease in selected temperatures as compared to control values of about 16 C. Exposure to higher concentrations raised selected temperatures. The concentrations of the substances required to produce a given effect varied as: p,p′-DDT≥p,p′-DDD> methoxychlor >o,p′-DDT>p,p′-DDE. Exposure levels of p,p′-DDA≤ 8 ppm did not alter temperature selection nor did exposure to Aroclor® 1254, a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) preparation at 2 ppm. Aldrin lowered temperature selection at 0.1–0.15 ppm. In a vertical gradient, brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) previously exposed to p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDD selected higher temperatures than controls.

Effect of DDT on Temperature Selection by Young Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ogilvie ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Lethal Limit ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Higher Doses

Exposure of Atlantic salmon underyearlings for 24 hr to sublethal doses of DDT, ranging from 5 to 50 ppb, resulted in changes in the selected temperature. Low doses produced a downwards shift in the selected temperature whereas higher doses produced an upwards shift. The DDT effect appeared to be more marked for warm-acclimated fish (17 °C) than for cold-acclimated ones (8 °C). In addition exposure of warm-acclimated fish to 10 ppb DDT or more appeared to make them extremely sensitive to cold water and there was some evidence to suggest that the lower lethal limit may have been raised. It is suggested that DDT may interfere with the normal thermal acclimation mechanism.

Difficulties in Aging Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) from Cold Rivers Due to Lack of Scales as Yearlings

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Johan Jensen ◽  
Bjørn Ove Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Scales in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) from two cold Norwegian rivers first appeared when the salmon were 33–34 mm long (total length) and the trout were 35–38 mm long. A considerable proportion of the yearlings did not form scales in years with a low water temperature (less than 1000–1100 degree-days from May to October); these individuals lacked the first annulus in the scales. Scales with five circuli or more seldom occurred. The number of days per year with a water temperature above 6.5 °C was better correlated to the formation of scales in Atlantic salmon than the degree-days. In years when the water temperature exceeded 6.5 °C for more than 70–80 days, only minor errors arose in age determination of the salmon; when the temperature exceeded 6.5 °C for less than 70–80 days, some individuals lacked the first annulus in their scales.Key words: Atlantic salmon, brown trout, age determination, temperature, scale formation

Embryo Movements of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) as Influenced by pH, Temperature, and State of Development

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Peterson ◽  
D. J. Martin-Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Trunk Movements

Two types of embryo movements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), pectoral fin flutter and trunk movements, were measured as a function of incubation temperature, pH, and developmental state. Trunk movements began at 200 degree-days, initially at highest frequency. The frequency decreased throughout subsequent development and then increased slightly just before hatching. Movements were much more stereotyped in the earliest stages of development than just prior to hatching. Frequencies at 200 degree-days were insensitive to temperature and pH. Frequencies just prior to hatching were very temperature sensitive (Q10 of 13) and were decreased at low pH. This decreased frequency may be related to documented effects of temperature and low pH on hatching. Pectoral fin movements were temperature sensitive (Q10 of 2) and pH insensitive. These movements were initiated at 350 degree-days of development and attained maximal frequency at 400 degree-days.

Incubation of the Eggs of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, at Low Temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor G. Heggberget ◽  
Jeff C. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
The Third ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Exact Timing

Eggs of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the River Alta in northern Norway were subjected to three experimental temperature regimes during prehatching incubation. Two of these were intended to simulate possible temperature situations in the river after hydroelectrical development of its upper reaches. The third temperature regime was that of the natural river. The results indicated that hydroelectrical development of the Alta may lead to an earlier hatch of the salmon embryos in the river. Incubation time, and perhaps also a "trigger" such as rising temperature, may be more important than the heat sum (degree-days) of the incubation period in determining the exact timing of the hatch.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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