Incubation of the Eggs of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, at Low Temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor G. Heggberget ◽  
Jeff C. Wallace

Eggs of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the River Alta in northern Norway were subjected to three experimental temperature regimes during prehatching incubation. Two of these were intended to simulate possible temperature situations in the river after hydroelectrical development of its upper reaches. The third temperature regime was that of the natural river. The results indicated that hydroelectrical development of the Alta may lead to an earlier hatch of the salmon embryos in the river. Incubation time, and perhaps also a "trigger" such as rising temperature, may be more important than the heat sum (degree-days) of the incubation period in determining the exact timing of the hatch.

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor G. Heggberget

A hypothesis that thermal regime regulates the timing of spawning in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was analysed by correlating time of commencement and peak of spawning in 16 Norwegian streams with temperature, latitude, and stream flow. Only temperature during incubation of the eggs proved to have any statistically significant effect. Since the duration of egg incubation is known to depend on temperature regime (i.e. on degree-days), a similar linking of spawning time to stream temperature allows spawning to occur at a time which will result in hatching of eggs at a specific and presumably optimal time for survival of fry.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Madhun ◽  
C H Isachsen ◽  
L M Omdal ◽  
A C B Einen ◽  
S Maehle ◽  
...  

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1203-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Saunders ◽  
Eugene B. Henderson ◽  
Paul R. Harmon ◽  
C. Edward Johnston ◽  
J. Geoffrey Eales

We reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in soft water (hardness 13 mg/L as CaCO3) at two pH levels, 6.4–6.7 and 4.2–4.7, from February to June, to assess the effect of low pH on survival, growth, and the smolting process under rising (4–8.5 °C) or relatively constant (9.5–10.5 °C) temperature. Survival was lower as a result of low pH (4.2–4.7) under both temperature regimes. Neither group exposed to low pH gained weight whereas both control groups gained weight during the experiment. Parr–smolt transformation, as indicated by salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K+ ATPase activity, was impaired as a result of low pH. The large (17–19 cm) parr used in this study were initially salinity tolerant and those at control pH (6.4–6.7) increased tolerance to 35‰ salinity between March and May; those in low pH became intolerant of high salinity. ATPase levels in salmon reared at low pH were significantly lower than those at normal pH levels under both temperature regimes. ATPase activity was significantly greater in fish reared at pH 6.4–6.7 with rising than with constant temperature. Plasma chloride and sodium levels were low in response to low pH, indicating impaired ionic regulation in freshwater. Plasma calcium levels were higher at low pH in both temperature regimes; higher levels were reached under constant temperature. Moisture content rose less sharply under low than under control pH in both temperature regimes. In the rising temperature regime, lipid levels reached similar, low levels under low and control pH conditions. Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) levels gave no clear indication of effects of low pH on smolting. Smoltification did not proceed normally in our Atlantic salmon subjected to low pH levels.


1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Johan Jensen ◽  
Bjørn Ove Johnsen

Some of the salmon rivers on the western and northern coasts of Norway are very cold, and the sea temperature outside these rivers is almost always higher than that in the river. Growth rates of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and smolt ages and sizes have been examined in three such cold rivers. We found indications that the lower temperature limit for growth of Atlantic salmon is not a fixed temperature, but varies from population to population according to the temperature regime of their environment. Smolts are small, with average sizes of 12–13 cm total length. Females dominated in number among the smolts, but the dominance was less pronounced than in most other rivers. Strategies used by Norwegian salmon in cold rivers are therefore different from those employed by salmon in the northern extremes of the salmon's range in Canada.


1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Johan Jensen ◽  
Bjørn Ove Johnsen

Site specificity of Gyrodactylus salaris on 853 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr infected with 1 – 10 625 parasites was studied in the River Lakselva in northern Norway. At low intensities (< 100), the dorsal fin was the principal site of attachment, followed by the pectoral and anal fins. However, the distribution of parasites on the fish, and their crowding, varied with infection intensity. When the intensity increased to more than 100, more parasites were located on the caudal fin, and when it exceeded 1000, the body of the fish was also heavily infected.


Aquaculture ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Kristian Berg ◽  
Bengt Finstad ◽  
Gjert Grande ◽  
Einar Wathne

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