Effects of magnesium on exercise performance and plasma glucose and lactate concentrations in rats using a novel blood-sampling technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ju Chen ◽  
Hsuan-Ying Chen ◽  
Ming-Fu Wang ◽  
Mei-Hsiang Hsu ◽  
Woei-Ming Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Adequate Diet

Repeated blood sampling in rodents is often necessary and difficult. Magnesium has been touted as an agent for enhancing physical activity. An auto-blood-sampling device coupled with a microdialysis analyzer was developed to determine blood glucose and lactate concentrations in rats subjected to treadmill exercise. The effects of magnesium on exercise performance and blood energy metabolism were also evaluated. Sprague–Dawley rats fed a magnesium-adequate diet were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups. Exercise performance was evaluated at 3 treadmill speeds (10, 15, and 20 m·min–1) with or without magnesium administration (90 mg·kg–1, intraperitoneal) in the first experiment. In the other experiment, each rat was fitted with a catheter in the jugular vein for collection of blood samples during the treadmill exercise at a speed of 20 m·min–1. Exercise performance was significantly higher at the lower speed of 10 m·min–1 in the control group. In addition, exercise performance was significantly enhanced only at 20 m·min–1 in the magnesium-sulfate-treated group when compared with the control group. Blood samples were collected every 15 min. Glucose concentrations increased significantly and then declined immediately after completion of the exercise task at 20 m·min–1 in both groups. However, glucose concentrations increased immediately after administration of magnesium and increased further during exercise when compared with those of the control group. Findings from a repeated blood-sampling assay suggest that increased blood glucose contributes to enhanced exercise performance by rats injected intraperitoneally with magnesium.

Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A El-Bakary ◽  
Sahar A El-Dakrory ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Nawal A Hasanein ◽  
Hala A Malek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. The therapy for methanol poisoning is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors to prevent formate accumulation. Ranitidine has been considered to be an inhibitor of both gastric alcohol and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. This study aimed at testing ranitidine as an antidote for methanol acute toxicity and comparing it with ethanol and 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP). This study was conducted on 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group (one negative control group [C1], two positive control groups [C2, C3] and three test groups [1, 2 and 3]). C2, C3 and all test groups were exposed to nitrous oxide by inhalation, then, C3 group was given methanol (3 g/kg orally). The three test groups 1, 2 and 3 were given ethanol (0.5 g/kg orally), 4-MP (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and ranitidine (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 4 hours after giving methanol. Rats were sacrificed and heparinized, cardiac blood samples were collected for blood pH and bicarbonate. Non-heparinized blood samples were collected for formate levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Eye balls were enucleated for histological examination of the retina. Ranitidine corrected metabolic acidosis (p = .025), decreased formate levels (p = .014) and improved the histological findings in the retina induced by acute methanol toxicity.

scholarly journals Involvement of Hepatic SHIP2 and PI3K/Akt Signalling in the Regulation of Plasma Insulin by Xiaoyaosan in Chronic Immobilization-Stressed Rats

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuxia Pan ◽  
Jiajia Wu ◽  
Yueyun Liu ◽  
Xiaojuan Li ◽  
Jiaxu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Group A

Background: Long-term exposure to chronic stress is thought to be a factor closely correlated with the development of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Xiaoyaosan, a Chinese herbal formula, has been described in many previous studies to exert anxiolytic-like or antidepressant effects in chronically stressed rats. However, few studies have observed the effects of Xiaoyaosan on the metabolic disorders induced by chronic stress. Objective: We sought to investigate the effective regulation of Xiaoyaosan on 21-day chronic immobility stress (CIS, which is 3 h of restraint immobilization every day)-induced behavioural performance and metabolic responses and to further explore whether the effects of Xiaoyaosan were related to SHIP2 expression in the liver. Methods: Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a CIS group, a Xiaoyaosan group and a rosiglitazone group. The latter three groups were subjected to 21 days of CIS to generate the stress model. After 21 days of CIS, the effects of Xiaoyaosan on body weight, food intake, and behaviour in the open field test, the sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test were observed following chronic stress. Plasma insulin, cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) concentrations and blood glucose were examined, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of SHIP2, p85 and Akt in the liver were measured using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical staining. Results: Rats exposed to CIS exhibited depression-like behaviours, decreased levels of plasma insulin, CHOL, LDL-C, TG and HDL-C, and increased blood glucose. Increased SHIP2 expression and reduced Akt, p-Akt and p85 expression were also observed in the liver. Xiaoyaosan exerted antidepressant effects and effectively reversed the changes caused by CIS. Conclusions: These results suggest that Xiaoyaosan attenuates depression-like behaviours and ameliorates stress-induced abnormal levels of insulin, blood glucose, CHOL, LDL-C and HDL-C in the plasma of stressed rats, which may be associated with the regulation of SHIP2 expression to enhance PI3K/Akt signalling activity in the liver.

scholarly journals Effect of blood sampling schedule and method of calculating the area under the curve on validity and precision of glycaemic index values

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. S. Wolever
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sampling Schedule

To evaluate the suitability for glycaemic index (GI) calculations of using blood sampling schedules and methods of calculating area under the curve (AUC) different from those recommended, the GI values of five foods were determined by recommended methods (capillary blood glucose measured seven times over 2·0 h) in forty-seven normal subjects and different calculations performed on the same data set. The AUC was calculated in four ways: incremental AUC (iAUC; recommended method), iAUC above the minimum blood glucose value (AUCmin), net AUC (netAUC) and iAUC including area only before the glycaemic response curve cuts the baseline (AUCcut). In addition, iAUC was calculated using four different sets of less than seven blood samples. GI values were derived using each AUC calculation. The mean GI values of the foods varied significantly according to the method of calculating GI. The standard deviation of GI values calculating using iAUC (20·4), was lower than six of the seven other methods, and significantly less (P<0·05) than that using netAUC (24·0). To be a valid index of food glycaemic response independent of subject characteristics, GI values in subjects should not be related to their AUC after oral glucose. However, calculating GI using AUCmin or less than seven blood samples resulted in significant (P<0·05) relationships between GI and mean AUC. It is concluded that, in subjects without diabetes, the recommended blood sampling schedule and method of AUC calculation yields more valid and/or more precise GI values than the seven other methods tested here. The only method whose results agreed reasonably well with the recommended method (ie. within ±5 %) was AUCcut.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens L) terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Tikus Diabetes Melitus yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Endang Widhiyastuti ◽  
Mastuti Widi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sugar Levels

Diabetes which is well-known in the community as diabetes in Indonesia is a chronic disease, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot utilize the insulin produced by its own products. The Provision of antioxidants in DM mice can reduce blood sugar levels. One of the herbs that can be used for control and management of blood sugar in diabetes is swollen koro. Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens L) is a plant that can be used as an alternative treatment because it contains antioxidants that can maintain health without causing toxic effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of giving koro benguk coffee (Mucuna pruriens L) on blood sugar levels of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus Rats. This study is an experimental study of Sprague Dawley mice. A total of 35 male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each: normal control (K1); diabetes control (K2); diabetic rats were given a large coffee extract 0.63 mg / g BW rat (P1); diabetic rats were given a large infusion of coffee koro 1.26 mg / g BW rats (P2). Diabetic rats were given an infusion of coffee koro benguk20,52 mg / g BW rats. Fasting blood glucose (GDP) levels were analyzed weekly for 3 weeks using the GOD-PAP method. The results of the study showed a decrease in blood sugar for 4 times the observation time in almost all treatment groups except the positive control group. The conclusions in this study were the provision of related coffee (Mucuna pruriens L) can reduce fasting blood glucose levels in Sprague Dawley rats with diabetes models significantly compared to controls.

scholarly journals EFEK ANTIDIABETIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa) PADA TIKUS DIABETES YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOSIN

Biomedika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Cinta Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Diabetic Rat Model

ABSTRAKDaun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) diketahui memiliki efek anti hiperglikemik dengan menghambat aktivitas enzim pencerna karbohidrat a-glucosidase, namun efeknya pada kondisi diabetes belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antidiabetik ekstrak etanol daun mahkota dewa (EEDMD) terhadap berat badan dan kadar glukosa darah tikus model diabetes. Studi eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only control group design dilakukan terhadap subjek 45 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley. Subjek dikelompokkan dalam kontrol normal, kontrol diabetes diberi pelarut dan diabetes diberi 7mg/200g, 14mg/200g, and 28mg/200g  EEDMD secara peroral, sekali sehari selama 3, 14 dan 25 hari. Model tikus diabetes dibuat dengan injeksi streptozotosin dan nicotinamide. Hasil analisa statistik berat badan dan kadar glukosa puasa antar kelompok terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Sehingga kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian EEDMD memiliki efek antidiabetik pada tikus diabetes yang dinduksi stretozotosin.Kata kunci: Diabetes Mellitus, Phaleria Macrocarpa, Ekstrak Etanol, Streptozotosin, Antidiabetik ABSTRACTPhaleria macrocarpa leaf has been known to have anti-hyperglycemic effects by inhibiting the activity of a-glucosidase carbohydrates digestive enzyme, but the systemic effect on diabetic condition is unknown yet. This study was conducted to investigate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of Phaleria macrocarpa leaf (EEPML) on body weight and blood glucose levels of diabetic rat model. This was a quasi experimental study with post test only control group design. Fourty five male Sprague Dawley rats were classified into normal control group, diabetic control group with solvent, diabetic with 7mg/200g, 14mg/200g, and 28mg/200g of EEPML peroral administration, once a day for 3, 14 and 25 days. The diabetic rat model was made by streptozotocin and nicotinamide injection. Results : Statistical analysis of mean body weight and fasting blood glucose level showed there were significant differences between treatment groups. Conclusion : Administration of EEPML is able to affect the body weight and blood glucose level of diabetic rat model. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Phaleria Macrocarpa, Ethanolic Extract, Streptozotocin, Antidiabetic

Effect of Administration of CHAGURO Made of Chayote (Sechium edule) and Tuna (Thunnus sp.) on Rats Induced with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide and a High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-266
Author(s):  
Toto Sudargo ◽  
Bianda Aulia ◽  
Atika Anif Prameswari ◽  
Alim Isnansetyo ◽  
Indun Dewi Puspita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Sechium Edule

This study was conducted to develop Chaguro, a low-cost supplementary food made of chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz) and tuna fish (Thunnus sp.), for diabetes and dyslipidemia diet therapy. In order to find a formula with effective hypoglycaemic and antidyslipidemic properties, dried tuna and chayote were mixed at different ratios: F1 (75% tuna, 25% chayote), F2 (50% tuna, 50% chayote), and F3 (25% tuna, 75% chayote). Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned into healthy control group or groups induced with streptozotocin-nicotinamide and a high-fat diet. Chaguro was administered 2.7 g/ kgBW/ day using a gavage for 28 days. The administration of all Chaguro formulas improved blood markers compared to the negative control group (p < 0.001). Chaguro F2 lowered fasting blood glucose (97.07±1.18 vs 266.31±5.31), total cholesterol (113.59±2.22 vs 208.78±4.31), triglycerides (89.93±2.51 vs 142.35±2.83), LDL-c (33.87±1.87 vs 87.85±3.34) and increased HDL-c (69,08±1,85 vs 23,91±1,64) level the most compared to the negative control group (p < 0.001). Streptozotocin-induced weight loss was also prevented in all diabetic rats fed with Chaguro, with the bodyweight being similar to that of healthy controls at the end of the intervention (p < 0.001). This study found that Chaguro may be a potential food product to help lower blood glucose and improve lipid profile in diabetes and dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Long-term blood-sampling technique in piglets

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Polyurethane Catheter ◽  
Expandable Cages

A technique to enable long-term blood sampling from piglets aged 2-3 months is described. Piglets were housed individually in expandable cages and a heparinized polyurethane catheter was inserted into the external jugular vein. A technique was used which prevented the catheter from pulling out of the vein with growth of the animals. Blood samples could be obtained for more than 1 month, and levels of cortisol, glucose, white blood cell count, haematocrit, rectal temperature and heart rate were compared for samples obtained from simulated conventional venepunctures and from the cannula using this technique. It was shown that restraint and needle pricks raised these levels considerably.

scholarly journals Effect of Repaglinide on Blood Glucose, Endothelial Function, Lipid Metabolism, and Inflammatory Reaction in a Rat Model of Atherosclerosis

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932582091876
Author(s):  
Jie Chang ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
Yan-xia Cheng ◽  
Jin-guang Zhang ◽  
Shuo Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Epididymal Fat

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of repaglinide on rat with atherosclerosis. Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control, model, repaglinide, and metformin groups. In addition to the normal group, rats were given intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and high-fat diet (HFD). Meanwhile, repaglinide or metformin was administrated to the treatment rats, respectively, for 4 weeks. Serum, plasma, liver, epididymal fat, and aorta thoracica were obtained to observe the protective effect of repaglinide on rat with atherosclerosis. Results: Compared to the control group, blood glucose was increased in the model group ( P < .05), while it was decreased in the drug-administered groups. In addition, the levels of endothelin 1, TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, liver index, and epididymal fat index were significantly increased, but the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and antiatherogenic index were decreased significantly in the model group compared to the control group ( P < .05, respectively). And these effects were reversed by treatment with repaglinide ( P < .05, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggested that repaglinide may regulate the formation of early atherosclerosis through the abovementioned mechanisms.

scholarly journals Pengaruh yoghurt dan soyghurt kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) terhadap kadar glukosa darah, insulin serum, dan malondialdehyde tikus pra sindrom metabolik

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Ninik Rustanti ◽  
Vifin Zakiahtin Nafsih ◽  
Rosita Nur Avisha ◽  
Dewi Marfu’ah Kurniawati ◽  
Rachma Purwanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
The Difference

Background: Pre metabolic syndrome is characterized by two of five risk factors: central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and increased fasting blood glucose. Cinnamon yogurt and soygurt contain antioxidants and fiber which can improve insulin sensitivity and blood glucose homeostasis and prevent cell damage in pre-metabolic syndrome conditionsObjective: This study aimed to determine the effect of cinnamon yogurt and soygurt on fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in pre-metabolic syndrome rats.Method: This study was an experimental study with a pre and post-test control group design. The subjects were 15 male Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into 5 normal control mice (K) and 10 pre metabolic syndrome mice with a diet high in fat and fructose for group P1 (yogurt) and P2 (soygurt) each of 5 mice. The yogurt and soygurt were given as much as 3.4 ml / g BW for 28 days. FBG levels were measured by the GOD-PAP method, while serum insulin and MDA levels were by the ELISA method. Different tests before and after treatment using Paired t-test or Wilcoxon. The difference tests between groups using the One-Way ANOVA test or Kruskal Wallis.Results: There were no differences in FBG and MDA levels between groups after intervention (p> 0.05). The highest percentage reduction in FBG in the P2 (-11.59%), then P1 (-4.06%). The decrease in MDA levels in group P1 = 19.17%, and P2 = 15.44% lower than K = 24.43%. After the intervention, the insulin level in group P2 (0.46 ng / ml) was significantly higher than P1 (0.318 ng/ml), but both were not different from K (0.384 ng / ml).Conclusion: There was no significant effect on the administration of cinnamon yogurt and soygurt to FBG, serum insulin, and MDA levels.

scholarly journals Assessment of Liver Function Using Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Gd-EOB-DTPA: Experimental Study in Rat Hepatectomy Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Won You ◽  
Hyoung Jung Kim ◽  
Hyeong-Seok Lim ◽  
So Yeon Kim ◽  
Jae Ho Byun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hepatectomy Group ◽  
Group Comparisons

Objectives. To determine whether the pharmacokinetic parameters of Gd-EOB-DTPA can identify the difference in liver function in a rat hepatectomy model. Methods. A total of 56 eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: control group without hepatectomy (n=16), 70% hepatectomy group (n=14), and 90% hepatectomy group (n=26). On postoperative day 2, Gd-EOB-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg) was injected intravenously and serial blood samples were obtained. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a noncompartmental method. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc pairwise group comparisons. Results. After excluding 6 rats that died unexpectedly, blood samples were obtained from 16, 14, and 20 rats in the control group, 70% hepatectomy group, and 90% hepatectomy group. There was a significant increase in area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of the last measurable concentration between the 70% and 90% hepatectomy group (P<0.001). The volume of distribution at steady state was significantly decreased between the control and 70% hepatectomy group (P<0.001). The clearance was significantly different in all pairwise group comparisons (P<0.001). Conclusions. The vascular clearance of Gd-EOB-DTPA can identify the difference in liver function in a rat hepatectomy model.

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