Distinction de biotypes dans des populations du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), de l'Amérique du Nord

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques L. Auclair ◽  
P. N. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The United States ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Virginoparae of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) collected from three different localities in the Province of Québec, Canada (Sainte-Thérèse de Blainville, Saint-Jean, and Ile aux Coudres), and two in the United States (states of Kansas and New Mexico) were reared on two normally susceptible host plants: e.g. the broad bean, Viciafaba L., variety Windsor, and the pea, Pisum sativum L., variety Lincoln. Results from growth curves suggest that the former three clones represent one or several biotypes different from the latter two, and results from mortality and rate of reproduction indicate that the clones from Saint-Jean and Sainte-Thérèse are two different biotypes. High mortality on peas indicates further that the clone from Ile aux Coudres is a biotype different from the others, whereas the clones from New Mexico and Kansas may represent only one biotype.

Differential responses of biotypes of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), to a chemically defined diet

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2481-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Srivastava ◽  
J. L. Auclair
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Percent Increase

Four clones of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), collected from different regions in North America (St-Jean and Ile-aux-Coudres, Quebec, in Canada, and New Mexico and Kansas in the United States) were reared on an aseptic chemically defined diet and characterized into biotypes. The clones from St-Jean and Kansas appeared similar and represent one biotype, whereas those from New Mexico and Ile-aux-Coudres were different from each other, as well as from St-Jean and Kansas. Third-generation larvae were produced only by biotypes St-Jean and New Mexico; however, none of them reached the adult stage.The amount of diet ingested and its utilization by different clones also varied. In 24 h, the total diet ingested by flrst-instar larvae from St-Jean, Kansas, New Mexico, and Ile-aux-Coudres was 164,140, 112, and 65 μg per aphid respectively. During the same period the larvae increased their weights by 28, 13, 10, and 10% respectively. Total, or percent increase in weight, was however not proportional to the amount of diet ingested, thus reflecting on the relative efficiency of diet utilization by different clones.

Assessing the role of generalist predators in the biological control of alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Rand
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Exclusion Experiment ◽  
Predator Exclusion

AbstractAlfalfa weevil (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) is a major pest of alfalfa throughout the United States of America. Biological control research has disproportionately focussed on introduced parasitoids. Generalist predators may also be important, but experimental work evaluating their impacts is lacking. I combined a cross-site survey with a predator exclusion experiment to identify key predators, and test for impacts on weevil survival and plant defoliation levels in Montana and North Dakota, United States of America. Spiders (Araneae) dominated the complex, followed by Nabidae (Hemiptera) and Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). None of the dominant predators showed aggregative responses to weevil (Hypera postica (Gyllenhal); Coleoptera: Curculionidae) or pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris); Hemiptera: Aphididae) densities across 10 sites surveyed. However, weevil densities were positively correlated with both coccinellid and nabid densities across transects at the experimental site. Thus, predator groups traditionally associated with aphids can show strong aggregative numerical responses to alfalfa weevil larvae at smaller scales. Predator exclusion revealed no significant predator effects on larval survival or alfalfa damage. However, final densities of pea aphids were significantly higher in exclusion treatments relative to controls. The results suggest that even under conditions where predators exert significant pressure on aphids, they may still have minimal impacts on weevils. Additional experimental work is necessary to determine the broader potential of generalist predators as alfalfa weevil control agents.

Territorial and Early Statehood Periods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresita Majewski ◽  
Lauren E. Jelinek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Formative Time ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Historical Trajectory

The archaeology of the territorial and early statehood periods (1850–1917) in the American Southwest was virtually terra incognita until the advent of government-mandated archaeology in the 1960s. Subsequent work has shown that historical archaeology has much to contribute to a fuller understanding of this dynamic and formative time in U.S. history. Historical-archaeological investigations have demonstrated that although the United States formally exerted control over Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico by the last half of the nineteenth century, the interactions among its Indigenous, Spanish, and Mexican inhabitants strongly influenced the territory’s historical trajectory into the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This chapter provides a historic context and a selective overview of archaeological studies that relate to the key themes of shifting economies and cultural heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Jujube Phenology, Pollen Germination, and Two Unique Germplasm Resources in New Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengrui Yao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Genomic Study ◽  
Wide Range

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) originated in China and grows well in a wide range of areas in the United States, especially the southwest. New Mexico State University’s Sustainable Agriculture Science Center has imported and collected over 50 jujube cultivars and conducted a series of jujube-related research projects. In this study, jujube phenology and pollen germination in New Mexico were investigated and two unique germplasm resources were reported. Jujubes leafed out 4–8 weeks later than most pome and stone fruits and bloomed 2–3 months later than apricots, peaches, and apples. It can avoid late frosts in most years in northern New Mexico and, thus, produce a crop more reliably than traditional fruit crops in the region. For the 48 cultivars tested for pollen germination, the germination rates ranged from 0% to 75% depending on the cultivar and year. ‘September Late’ had the highest pollen germination rate each year among all cultivars tested from 2012 to 2014, whereas ‘GA866’, ‘Maya’, and ‘Sherwood’ had the lowest. ‘Zaocuiwang’ was the first reported male-sterile jujube cultivar in the United States, and this character was consistent from year to year and, thus, it would be a valuable cultivar for jujube breeding. Cultivar Yu had pseudo-flowers which never bloomed or set fruit. It would be a useful germplasm as special landscape trees or for genomic study of jujube flowering-related genes.

Strategic Pan-Americanism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
After School ◽  
Latin American Culture ◽  
Community Organizers ◽  
After School Program ◽  
Pan Americanism

A broad federal and national interest in the goals of Pan-Americanism fueled Pan-American supporters across the United States to encourage the teaching of the Spanish language. By the 1940s, Spanish became the most common foreign language learned in the United States. New Mexico used the newfound national interest in the Spanish language to boost its political importance. After all, what other state had such a close tie to the language of Latin America? In both California and New Mexico, ethnic Mexican journalists and community organizers used the move towards Pan-Americanism to organize, unite, and draw resources to ethnic Mexican communities. Cultura Panamericana, Inc., a group located in Los Angeles and organized by Mexican American middle-class professionals, used the broader interest in Pan-Americanism to court financialsupporters for their community program that aspired to create a Spanish-language library and an after-school program that taught Spanish and Latin American culture. Ethnic Mexicans could use pan-Americanismas a way to better serve the nation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document