The migratory route of Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder) (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) in the American coot, Fulica americana (Gm.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Daniel McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Migratory Route ◽  
American Coot

The migration of Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder) was examined in experimentally infected coots, Fulica americana (Gm.). Newly excysted C. mutabile penetrate the intestine and enter the body cavity within 4 h after administration of metacercariae. Penetration of the liver occurred within 24 h and the flukes underwent a period of development in the liver that lasted for at least 12 days. By day 15 the immature flukes began to leave the liver and 50% of the flukes had entered the abdominal cavity. By day 18 all flukes had left the liver and by day 21 had become established in the air sacs, principally the clavicular air sac, where they mature. The possible significance of the establishment of C. mutabile in the clavicular air sac is discussed.

The migration, growth and development of Cyclocoelum oculeum (Kossack, 1911) (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) in Fulica americana (Gm.)

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. McLaughlin ◽  
D. Marcogliese
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
Air Sacs

SUMMARYThe migration, growth and development of Cyclocoelum oculeum Kossack, 1911 was studied in orally and parenterally exposed coots, Fulica americana (Gm.). Young flukes injected into the body cavity migrate to the sinuses from the body cavity via the air sacs and air passages. Young flukes were first found in the trachea on day 18 post-infection and in the sinuses on day 21. Migration was not synchronous and some flukes were found in the air sacs and trachea of parenterally exposed coots up to 45 days post-infection. Exponential growth and organogenesis began between days 9 and 12. Flukes in the sinuses were consistently larger than flukes of the same age in either the air sacs or trachea. Growth and organogenesis proceeded in the latter flukes but at a slower rate than those in the sinuses.

Parenteral infections of coots, Fulica americana (Gm.), with Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder, 1800) and Cyclocoelum oculeum (Kossack, 1911) (Cyclocoelidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Daniel McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nasal Sinus ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
Air Sacs

Newly excysted Cyclocoelum mutabile and Cyclocoelum oculeum were injected into coots, Fulica americana. Six of the eight coots injected intraperitoneally with C. mutabile became infected. Two coots, necropsied 6 days postinfection (pi), had young C. mutabile in the liver. Four of the remaining six coots necropsied 45 days pi had adult C. mutabile in the air sacs, and all infected coots exhibited evidence of fluke migration in the liver. Five of 10 coots injected intraperitoneally with C. oculeum became infected. Two of four coots necropsied 6 days pi were infected and young C. oculeum were recovered from the body cavity. Three of the remaining six coots were found to be infected at necropsy 45 days pi and specimens of C. oculeum were recovered from the air sacs and nasal sinuses. Three of six coots receiving newly excysted C. oculeum injected directly into the interclavicular air sac harboured flukes in the air sac, trachea, and nasal sinuses at necropsy 45 days pi. In both experiments involving C. oculeum, specimens recovered from the nasal sinus were gravid, or nearly so, whereas those found in the air sacs and trachea were smaller and less mature. No evidence of liver migration in either experiment involving C. oculeum was observed.

scholarly journals On the openings in the wall of the body-cavity of vertebrates

1898 ◽  
Vol 62 (379-387) ◽  
pp. 232-247 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body

In the review of the vertebrates held in the following pages, I have put together as many facts as I could ascertain on the distribution of abdominal pores in the various groups, and side by side with this evidence I have arranged the available facts recorded by others, and observed by myself, on the distribution of nephrostomes and other openings on the wall of the abdominal cavity.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Anisakis typica Larvae in Two Species of Threadfin Bream, Nemipterus hexodon and N. japonicus, from the Gulf of Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Rattanachai Tunya ◽  
Chalobol Wongsawad ◽  
Pheravut Wongsawad ◽  
Jong-Yil Chai
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Anisakid Larvae

The third stage larvae (L3) of <i>Anisakis typica</i> were detected in 2 species of threadfin bream, <i>Nemipterus hexodon</i> and <i>N. japonicus</i>, from the Gulf of Thailand, and were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Total 100 threadfin breams, 50 <i>Nemipterus hexodon</i> and 50 <i>N. japonicus</i>, were examined with naked eyes after the opening of abdominal cavity with scissors. Almost all infected larvae remained alive and active even the fish were transported for 1-2 days. Anisakid larvae were exclusively distributed in the body cavity and rarely in the liver. The prevalence of <i>A. typica</i> L3 were 68.0% and 60.0% in <i>N. hexodon</i> and <i>N. japonicus</i> and their infection intensities were 3.5 and 4.2 per fish infected each. Morphological and morphometric analysis were performed by viewing specimens under both a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Interestingly, the protruded mucron of <i>Anisakis typica</i> under SEM showed a distinct cylindrical shape that differed from the cone shape of <i>A. simplex</i>. The protruded mucron could be used to identify <i>A. typica</i> L3 larvae in the future. A comparison of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA nucleotide sequences of these species revealed high blast scores with <i>A. typica</i>. Conclusively, it was confirmed that <i>A. typica</i> L3 are prevalent in threadfin breams from the Gulf of Thailand, and their morphological and molecular characters are something different from those of other anisakid larvae, including A. simplex and <i>A. pegreffii</i>.

An attempt to use the peritoneal cavity fluid in the diagnostics of acid-base balance disorders in dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Glińska-Suchocka ◽  
P. Sławuta
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
White Line ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance

Abstract The acid-base balance parameters (ABB) of blood are used in the diagnostics and therapy of acidosis or alkalosis type disorders. Nowadays, some reports on the attempts to use the body cavity fluid for the diagnostics of the ABB disorders have appeared in the human medicine. The study has aimed at comparing the acid-base balance parameters (ABB): pH, pCO2, and HCO3 - determined in the arterial blood and the fluid from the peritoneal cavity in dogs. The study was carried out on 20 dogs suffering from ascites developed as a result of the chronic renal failure. 1 ml of full blood was drawn from each dog from its femoral artery to a heparinized syringe equipped with a needle with an internal diameter of 0.7 mm and the puncture of the abdominal cavity was carried out in the white line. In the sample of arterial blood and the sample of the abdominal cavity fluid drawn the ABB parameters were determined. In the group examined, the ABB parameters determined for the arterial blood and the fluid had comparable numeric values and the same nature of the ABB disorder diagnosed on the basis of them. The conclusions are as follows: the results of the effusion fluid gasometry depend on the mechanism of the fluid formation and, in the case when it comes from the developed capillary network, a pressure of gases and remaining ABB parameters are similar to those determined for the arterial blood.

Reproductive anatomy, gonad development and spawning seasonality of nurseryfish, Kurtus gulliveri (Perciformes:Kurtidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Berra ◽  
B. Gomelsky ◽  
B. A. Thompson ◽  
D. Wedd
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy

The nurseryfish, Kurtus gulliveri, of northern Australia, is remarkable for the fact that the males carry the egg mass on a supraoccipital hook on their forehead. Plankton samples of larval nurseryfish indicate a prolonged spawning season (June–November) that more or less corresponds with the dry season in the Northern Territory. The paired, elongate testes are located in the posterior portion of the body cavity suspended by the mesorchium. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of males was small and highly variable (mean 0.14, range 0.01–0.27) from June to November. The histological structure of testicular lobes showed maturing and mature stages that contained spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa. The paired, bean-shaped ovaries contained about 5500 oocytes (1176–9783) and were located in the rear of the abdominal cavity. GSI averaged 1.58 (range 0.36–4.48). Ovarian histology revealed primary growth, cortical alveolar oocytes, vitellogenic oocytes, coalesced yolk, and atresia. The occurrence of postovulatory follicles and late vitellogenetic oocytes in the ovaries clearly indicate that nurseryfish females are batch spawners. Maturing testes showed signs of previous spawnings indicating that males are capable of spawning several times throughout the spawning season. We speculate that nurseryfish may spawn in a manner similar to their closest relatives, cardinalfishes (Apogonidae), with eggs carried on the male’s hook instead of orally.

Studies on the excystment of trematode metacercariae in vivo

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. A. Asanji ◽  
M. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parorchis Acanthus ◽  
Migratory Route ◽  
Ph Range

AbstractMetacercariae of two species of trematode (Clinostomum tilapiae, Postodiplostomum nanum) excysted in the stomach of birds, while those of three species (Parorchis acanthus, Posthodiplostomum sp., Postliodiplostomoides leonensis) excysted in the duodenum. Differences were related to the structure of the cyst wall. All could excyst in birds which were not the definitive host and the speed of excystment depended on the speed of movement of food in the gut. All, except P. acanthus, also excysted in the body cavity of the mouse.There have been few previous reports on the site of excystment of metacercarial cysts in vivo and most indicate that the duodenum is the site for most species studied, e.g. Clonorchis sinensis (Faust and Khaw, 1927), Parorchis avitus (Stunkard and Cable, 1932), Cryptocotyle lingua (Smyth, 1962) and Fasciola hepatica (Smyth, 1966). In their study of the migratory route of Paragonimus westermani in rats, cats and guinea-pigs Yokogawa et al. (1962) found that excystment occurred in the small intestine where the pH range was 5.0–6.0. Also, although the site of excystment has been established for some species, very little quantitative work has been reported about the percentage excystment in vivo and results of work on these lines is reported in this paper.

scholarly journals Scanning electron microscopy of newly excysted juvenile and adult Cyclocoelum mutabile (Digenea)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D D Tajrine ◽  
N N Kapoor ◽  
J D McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Mouth Region ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, changes were examined in surface structures and tegumental morphology of newly excysted, migrating, and adult Cyclocoelum mutabile obtained from experimentally infected coots (Fulica americana). Newly excysted juveniles were spinous and had two large depressions situated at the anterior tip of the body and a large acetabulum. Small papillae were scattered around the mouth region and also formed a row that encircled the anterior end of the fluke. Four groups of larger papillae, two ventrolateral and two lateral, originated from points slightly posterior to the mouth region. The two ventrolateral bands of papillae terminated slightly posterior to the acetabulum; the two lateral rows of papillae terminated about three-quarters of the length along the specimen. Six large multilobed papillae were associated with the acetabulum. Juveniles migrating through the liver lost the spines and papillae by day 6, but the anterior depressions persisted into the adult stage. The tegument of 6- and 12-day-old flukes was smooth with a varying number of transverse folds. The tegument of 15-day-old specimens from the body cavity ranged in appearance from folded and pitted to reticulate. The reticulations were more prominent in adults and the entire body was covered with a reticulate pattern of loculus-like structures that are believed to aid in the movement of the flukes within the air sacs of the coot host.

Myiasis in Bufo regularis caused by a Tabanid Larva

Parasitology ◽  
1924 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
Edward Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Large Female ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Cylindrical Structure ◽  
The Right

In December, 1922, whilst dissecting a large female example of Bufo regularis, one of my students noticed a cylindrical structure extending along the ventral region of the body-cavity. A careful examination showed that this structure consisted of an elongated sac-like diverticulum of the right lung, containing an almost full-grown specimen of a dipterous larva, which could be seen through the membraneous wall of the diverticulum. The base of the latter, in addition to its point of origin from the lung, was also connected to the dorsal surface of the liver by strands of fibrous tissue, suggesting that the growth had been in existence some considerable time in order to cause such adhesions. Posteriorly, the diverticulum hung freely in the body cavity and extended to the extreme hinder end. Its dimensions were 5·5 cm. in length, by 0·5 cm. in diameter, but tapering towards each extremity.

ENCAPSULATION OF RHABDITOID NEMATODES IN MOSQUITOES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan F. Bronskill
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Defence Reaction ◽  
Blood Sinus

In third and fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.), juveniles of the rhabditoid, DD136, penetrate the blood sinus and cardial epithelium of the proventriculus to enter the body cavity of the host, where they complete their development. By 5 hours, a thick capsule developed about many of the ensheathed immature adults of DD136 within the body cavity of A. aegypti larvae. This rapid defence reaction of the mosquito to DD136, which has both a melanin and a cellular manifestation, occurs both in the exotic mosquito A. aegypti and in the two endemic species tested, Aedes stimulans (Walker) and Aedes trichurus (Dyar). The resistance of A. stimulans to an endemic rhabditoid, possibly of the Diplogasteridae, is also similar. The histological structure of the capsule is not affected during metamorphosis in A. aegypti; however, during histogenesis of adult tissue displacement and (or) distortion of some tissues and organs may be caused by the presence of the capsule within the host's body cavity. The activity of the adult A. aegypti is normal when this distortion or displacement is minor. Though usually encapsulated DD136 are retained within the body cavity of A. aegypti during metamorphosis, sometimes they are partially or completely expelled from the host's body cavity at the time of molting.

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