Association of hypoglycemia and pancreatic islet tissue with micromelia in Malathion-treated chick embryos

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertil O. Laley ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Islet Tissue

Chick embryos were given a teratogenic dose of Malathion at the 5-day incubation stage and the effects of this treatment on leg length, blood glucose, and amounts of pancreatic islet tissue were studied during the 11- to 19-day incubation period. The Malathion caused a reduction in leg length (micromelia) and hypoglycemia, which persisted throughout the period studied. The severity of the micromelic condition correlated with the degree of hypoglycemia: the least micromelic embryos were the least hypoglycemic, the moderately micromelic embryos were moderately hypoglycemic, and the severely micromelic embryos were the most severely hypoglycemic. Finally, the Malathion increased differentiation of pancreatic islet tissue, particularly beta tissue. Again, the greatest increases in islet tissue were shown by those embryos exhibiting the most severe micromelic and hypoglycemic conditions.

The Changes in Blood Glucose in Pleuronectes Platessa Following Capture From The Wild: A Stress Reaction

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Teleost Muscle

Changes in blood glucose levels in teleosts have been reviewed by a number of workers. Epple (1969) considered the regulation of glucose by the insulin of the fish pancreatic islet tissue, Nakano & Tomlinson (1967) examined the regulation of glucose by the catecholamines, Black, Robertson & Parker (1961) considered glucose in carbohydrate metabolism of teleost muscle, while knowledge of regulation of blood glucose in Chondrichthyans has recently been extended and reviewed by Patent (1968, 1970). The investigation of blood glucose levels and their control mechanisms dealt with in this paper forms part of a broader study of the changes that occur when fish are caught from the wild and placed in aquaria (Wardle, 1968, 1971, and unpublished). In this study, capture is considered as a stimulus imposed on the wild fish, which initiates a series of physiological changes that can be measured as the fish adapts to the aquarium.

Hypoglycemia in Malathion-treated chick embryos

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Arsenault ◽  
M. A. Gibson ◽  
M. E. Mader
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Sugar Levels

Chick embryos were exposed to a teratogenic dose of Malathion at the 5-day incubation stage, and the effect of this treatment on blood sugar levels was studied from the 9th day of incubation to hatching. The Malathion caused a decrease in blood sugars and this hypoglycemia persisted throughout the incubation period until day 19.

Organ Composition in Newborn Parabiotic Twins with Speculation Regarding Neonatal Hypoglycemia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
RICHARD L. NAEYE
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

Donor twins in the monovular placental transfusion syndrome have organs which are significantly different than those found in their better nourished recipient partners. The malnourished donors have disproportionate reductions in the size of liver, pancreas, and fetal adrenal cortex. Liver and adrenal abnormalities are due to a reduced mass of cytoplasm of individual parenchymal cells. The mass of pancreatic islet tissue was as great as that found in well nourished neonates of the same gestational age. All of these anatomic changes have possible implications for neonatal carbohydrate metabolism.

Computer Analysis of Pancreatic Islet Tissue

Stereology ◽  
1967 ◽  
pp. 133-134
Author(s):  
Franklin W. Briese ◽  
Anna-Mary Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Islet Tissue

Testosterone concentrations in chicken gonads and plasma during the peri-etching period

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
I Motelica-Heino
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sampling Times

In chick embryos of the black sex-link strain, the concentration of testosterone was much lower on Days 17 and 18 of the incubation period in both gonads (tests and left ovary) than on the next two days. Then, at hatch, and especially at 1 h after hatching, the concentration decreased in both gonads. Between 2 and 4 h after hatching, the concentration of T reached the highest value in each sex and then decreased progressively within the next 18 h. Concentrations on Days 19 and 20 (in both gonads) differed significantly from those on Days 17 and 18 of the incubation period, but no significant sex differences were found at these four sampling times. In newly hatched chickens, significant differences were found only between the values obtained at 1 h after hatching (in both sexes) and those from 2-4 h after hatching; no significant sex differences in T concentrations were found in gonads on Day 1 after hatch. The concentration of T in plasma from females was a little higher than in males on Day 19 of incubation, but no significant differences were found. At hatch, the concentrations were of the same order of magnitude in both sexes. At 1 and 2 h after hatching, increased values were found only in males; pooled values of these two sampling times were significantly different from those obtained either in embryos or at two periods after hatching (8-20 h and 48-68 h respectively). No significant changes occurred in T concentration in plasma from females over all these sampling times. By 3-6 h after hatching, the concentrations of T returned to near hatching concentrations in both sexes, and then decreased progressively between 8 and 68 h after hatching. No significant differences in plasma T concentrations were found between males and females, at hatch, or within the next 68 h. In red sex-link strain chickens, the concentrations of T in plasma were about the same in both sexes, at hatch and on Day 1 after hatching, but the concentrations were much lower than those recorded in black sex-link strain chickens at the same sampling times. A peak of T was found only in plasma from newly hatched male chickens of the black sex-link strain at 1-2 h after hatching but not in females, and not in red sex-link strain (of both sexes) either.

Does Mind Wandering During the Thought Incubation Period Improve Creativity and Worsen Mood?

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1785-1800
Author(s):  
Akina Yamaoka ◽  
Shintaro Yukawa
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Creative Problem

Enhancing creative problem-solving is increasingly important in a modern globalized society. Previous research has shown that creative problem-solving can be improved if the mind is allowed to wander during time set aside from solving a problem, known as the incubation period. However, some research also suggests that mind wandering leads to negative affect. Our study aims to clarify the effect of mind wandering during the incubation stage on both creative problem-solving and mood while controlling for the effect of working memory capacity. Fifty-two students (both undergraduate and graduates) completed a working memory task and repeated a creative problem-solving task at intervals before and after an incubation period. At the end of the incubation period, we measured participants’ frequency of mind wandering and their moods. Results showed that the group with the higher frequency of mind wandering showed the most improvement in one indicator of creativity, flexibility, although this finding was not significant after adjusting for the other four facets. Moreover, our findings indicate that as creativity improved, more negative affect was generated. Our results suggest that mind wandering during the incubation stage could be used to generate more diverse ideas but also suggest that there is a risk attached. Further research should explore how specific features of mind wandering might improve creativity without generating negative affect.

Transplantation of Dispersed Pancreatic Islet Tissue in Humans: Autografs and Allografts

Diabetes ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. R. Sutherland ◽  
A. J. Matas ◽  
F. C. Goetz ◽  
J. S. Najarian
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Islet Tissue
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