Pheromone mask produced by male Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

The response of male Trypodendron lineatum in laboratory bioassays was inhibited if gut extract from males was added to an attractive extract of guts from single females. Emergent, postdiapause males, and paired males removed from logs 2 and 7 weeks after attack possessed the mask. Emergent brood males did not. The pheromone mask was still apparent when separate wicks were used for male and female gut extracts, indicating that the mask is olfactory and does not result from a chemical reaction. Gut extract from paired females removed from logs 2 weeks after attack was attractive, indicating that attraction to females in the host would persist were they not accompanied by mask-producing males.

Breaking a paradigm: male-produced aggregation pheromone for the Colorado potato beetle

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (13) ◽  
pp. 1925-1933
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Dickens ◽  
James E. Oliver ◽  
Benedict Hollister ◽  
John C. Davis ◽  
Jerome A. Klun
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

SUMMARY A male-produced aggregation pheromone was identified for the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae). While male beetles produced only minor amounts of the pheromone, its production could be enhanced by topical application of juvenile hormone III (JH III) (eightfold), by antennectomy (40-fold) or by the combined treatment of JH III and antennectomy (almost 200-fold); this enhancement enabled the identification of the compound as(S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-oct-6-ene-1,3-diol [(S)-CPB I], a unique structure for an insect pheromone. Antennal receptors of both sexes responded selectively to the (S)-enantiomer. Both male and female Colorado potato beetles were attracted to serial source loads of(S)-CPB I in laboratory bioassays; (R)-CPB I was inactive or inhibitory, as demonstrated by the inactivity of the racemate. This is the first identification of a pheromone for the Colorado potato beetle and differs from the paradigm of a female-produced pheromone for this insect. The attractant is also the first male-produced pheromone identified for the Chrysomelidae. The discovery that both JH III and antennectomy increase levels of the pheromone (S)-CPB I indicates the existence of a feedback system involving antennal input, and this system may be under hormonal control.

ETHANOL AS THE PRIMARY ATTRACTANT FOR THE AMBROSIA BEETLE TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Moeck
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractMethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethanol have been identified in extracts of attractive wood and bark. The attractancy induced by anaerobic treatment in both sapwood and phloem of conifers and broadleaf trees was characterized by ethanol as the most concentrated component. In laboratory bioassays, ethanol was attractive at low concentration to both sexes of Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier). Methanol and acetaldehyde, at the concentrations found, apparently play no role in attraction. Monoterpenes had a repellent effect on T. lineatum.

Olfactory activity of ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate on adult oriental fruit moths

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Molinari ◽  
Gianfranco Anfora ◽  
Silvia Schmidt ◽  
Michela Villa ◽  
Claudio Ioriatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cydia Molesta ◽  
Pear Ester ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Secondary Host Plants ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractWe investigated whether or not pear ester (ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate) attracted adult oriental fruit moths, Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The electroantennographic responses of C. molesta to pear ester were recorded and dose–response curves calculated. In laboratory bioassays, the attractiveness of different dosages was assessed in a dual-choice olfactometric arena. The responses of virgin males and females to pear ester in the presence and absence of pear (Pyrus communis L.), peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.), and apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) (Rosaceae) shoots were evaluated. Electroantennographic recordings demonstrated that both male and female C. molesta were able to detect the pear ester. In our bioassay, however, pear ester readily attracted males but attracted very few females. The response of males was dose-dependent and they preferred pear ester over apple- and pear-shoot volatiles, whereas no apparent preference between pear ester and peach-shoot volatiles was observed. Therefore, this kairomonal compound could be more effective in attracting C. molesta when applied in orchards of secondary host plants, like apple or pear, than in peach orchards.

Manoilov's reaction in the light of contemporary criticism

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-568
Author(s):  
A. D. Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Male And Female

In 1923, Manoilov reported his discovery of a chemical reaction that could be used to distinguish between male and female blood. The profound interest that was aroused by this report is quite understandable. In recent years, a number of works have been devoted to Manoilov's reaction, but only recently, when the enthusiasm for this assay has subsided, has the chemistry of the reaction become clear to a certain extent. Manoilov proposed three modifications of his reaction, but, according to him, preference should be given to the last, third modification, as giving the most correct results. The reagent used for this modification consists of five separate solutions gradually added to the blood emulsion, or to the serum solution prepared according to a certain standard.

Suppression of Gnathotrichussulcatus with sulcatol-baited traps in a commercial sawmill and notes on the occurrence of G. retusus and Trypodendronlineatum

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McLean ◽  
J. H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Population Aggregation ◽  
Secondary Attraction

Sulcatol (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol), population aggregation pheromone for Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), was deployed in traps at three locations in a commercial sawmill at Chemainus, B.C., during 1975. Traps were baited full time in one location and for alternate biweekly periods in the other two. Unbaited traps were operated continuously in a control location. Freshly sawn lumber was set out at weekly intervals in each location and numbers of attacks on this and other lumber, as well as the number of beetles caught on traps, were monitored weekly. After a mill shutdown (July through October), the number of beetles captured steadily decreased, probably because of diminished input of beetles in field-attacked logs. Suppression ratios (number of beetles caught on traps: (number of estimated beetles in lumber + number caught on traps)) were highest (0.70 and 0.87 for male and female beetles, respectively) in the continuously baited location and indicated that sulcatol-baited traps have good potential in suppression of mill populations of G. sulcatus. Lumber was most severely attacked 2–4 weeks after sawmilling, suggesting development of and subsequent decrease in primary and secondary attraction. Significantly greater attack on lumber next to sulcatol-baited traps than on more distant lumber indicated that male beetles were attracted to the area of a trap but not necessarily to the point source of the pheromone. Mean percentage moisture of attacked boards was 62.3, while that of adjacent unattacked boards was 46.6. Boards attacked in July had a mean percentage moisture of 26.0 when sampled in September and no longer contained beetles. The first verified attacks of freshly sawn lumber by Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and G. retusus (LeConte) are recorded. Future control of G. sulcatus in sawmills may use sulcatol-baited traps, placed next to piles of attractive fresh slabbing which could be colonized by beetles not captured in the traps, and which subsequently could be removed and processed into pulp chips.

Determination of sex in humans, animals and plants by a chemical reaction of blood

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
Z. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third

After many years of research, Manoilov (Vrachebn. Gaz., 1923, No. 15, 21 | 22) managed to establish the 3 most typical reactions. M. especially recommends the third modification, with the help of which he investigated 530 samples of male and female blood and obtained from 86 to 36% of correct answers.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

Quantitative ultrastructural reconstruction of small regions within large volumes by correlative light and high voltage electron microscopy of serial 0.25-0.50 μm sections

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 578-581
Author(s):  
Conly L. Rieder ◽  
Frederick J. Miller ◽  
Edwin Davison ◽  
Samuel S. Bowser ◽  
Kirsten Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
Sperm Aster

In this abstract we Illustrate how same-section correlative light and high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) of serial 0.25-0.50-μm sections can answer questions which are difficult to approach by EM of 60-100 nm sections.Starfish (Pisaster and Asterlas) eggs are fertilized at meiosis I when the oocyte contains two maternal centrosomes (e.g., asters) which form the poles of the first meiotic spindle. Immediately after fertilization a sperm aster is assembled in the vicinity of the male pronucleus and persists throughout meiosis. At syngamy the sperm aster splits to form the poles of the first mitotic spindle. During this time the functional and replicative properties of the maternal centrosome, inherited from the last meiotic division, are lost. The basis for this differential stability, of male and female centrosomes in the same cytoplasm, is a mystery.

Directional observation on lipid of male nectary of Lindera megaphylla hemsl. by the rapid embedding method with polyethylene glycol (PEG)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
Dai Dalin ◽  
Guo Jianmin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Embedding Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
New Methods

Lipid cytochemistry has not yet advanced far at the EM level. A major problem has been the loss of lipid during dehydration and embedding. Although the adoption of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide accelerate the chemical reaction of lipid and osmium tetroxide can react on the double bouds of unsaturated lipid to from the osmium black, osmium tetroxide can be reduced in saturated lipid and subsequently some of unsaturated lipid are lost during dehydration. In order to reduce the loss of lipid by traditional method, some researchers adopted a few new methods, such as the change of embedding procedure and the adoption of new embedding media, to solve the problem. In a sense, these new methods are effective. They, however, usually require a long period of preparation. In this paper, we do research on the fiora nectary strucure of lauraceae by the rapid-embedding method wwith PEG under electron microscope and attempt to find a better method to solve the problem mentioned above.

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