A sense organ in the ventral anterior body wall of the nematode Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Wright ◽  
J. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Capillaria Hepatica ◽  
Pore Opening ◽  
Anterior Body

A sense organ, located just posterior to the nerve ring in the ventral line of the body wall of Capillaria hepatica, is described. It consists of a pore opening through the cuticle to a cuticle-lined chamber into which four dendritic processes extend. The structure of the organ suggests that it may be chemoreceptive.

The fine structure of the esophagus of some trichuroid nematodes. II. The buccal capsule and anterior esophagus of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Marginal Cell ◽  
Capillaria Hepatica ◽  
Marginal Cells ◽  
Muscle Sheath

The anterior alimentary tract of Capillaria hepatica participates in formation of the buccal capsule and shows different cellular organization along its length. The buccal capsule is composed of both invaginated body-wall cuticle (stomodeum) and the expanded anterior esophageal cuticle and contains a small dorsal stylet. Suction action of the buccal capsule is controlled by two sets of buccal dilator muscles and three esophageal suspensor muscles. The anteriormost esophagus consists of three elongate marginal cells and three units of radial tissue. At the level of the nerve ring, radial tissue divides into six units, two between each marginal cell. Posterior to the nerve ring, the esophagus is surrounded by a muscle sheath that continues for the rest of the esophagus. Radial tissue has both longitudinal and radial myofilaments, as does the midregion of marginal cells. Marginal cells terminate some distance posterior to the nerve ring and radial-tissue units fuse to form a single cytoplasmic mass around the cuticle. Posteriorly, myofilaments are reduced from the radial tissue. Peristalsis of the esophagus is probably maintained by the outer muscle sheath. Three nerve cells are located in the wall of the esophagus, posterior to die level of marginal cells, and send processes both anteriorly and posteriorly. Synapses between axons and radial tissue have been identified only in the anterior esophagus. Because of the degree of organization of myofilaments, and the presence of sacroplasmic reticulum diads and synapses, it is suggested that the region of the esophagus just posterior to the nerve ring may serve as a pacemaker region for esophageal activity. Three satellite cells located in the anterior esophagus may represent vestigial stylet retractor muscles.

The identification and estimation of acetylcholine in three parasitic nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides, Litomosoides carinii, and the microfilariae of Dirofilaria repens)

Parasitology ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Mellanby
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dirofilaria Repens ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wet Weight

1. Extracts made from whole nematode worms, Litomosoides carinii, and from Ascaris ‘heads’ and body wall tissue, contain a substance similar to acetylcholine.2. In the case of extracts from Litomosoides whole worms, this substance was shown to be probably acetylcholine itself.3. Tissue from the anterior end of Ascaris (including the nerve ring), contains about 15 times as much acetylcholine as the body wall preparations; i.e. 0·39μg./g. as compared with 0·025μg/g. of wet weight.4. There appeared to be rather more acetylcholine present in the Litomosoides males than in the females; 0·92μg./g. as compared with 0·63μg./g. of wet weight.5. The microfilariae of the filariid nematode of the dog, Dirofilaria repens, contain as much as 2·4;μg./g. of acetylcholine. In this respect it resembles some other motile parasites of the blood, such as trypanosomes.

Lymphangiomatosis of the Body Wall: A Report of Two Cases Associated with Chylothorax and Fatal Outcome

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moerman ◽  
Chris Van Geet ◽  
Hugo Devlieger
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals A screen for genetic loci required for body-wall muscle development during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-498
Author(s):  
J Ahnn ◽  
A Fire
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Wall Muscle ◽  
Genetic Loci

Abstract We have used available chromosomal deficiencies to screen for genetic loci whose zygotic expression is required for formation of body-wall muscle cells during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. To test for muscle cell differentiation we have assayed for both contractile function and the expression of muscle-specific structural proteins. Monoclonal antibodies directed against two myosin heavy chain isoforms, the products of the unc-54 and myo-3 genes, were used to detect body-wall muscle differentiation. We have screened 77 deficiencies, covering approximately 72% of the genome. Deficiency homozygotes in most cases stain with antibodies to the body-wall muscle myosins and in many cases muscle contractile function is observed. We have identified two regions showing distinct defects in myosin heavy chain gene expression. Embryos homozygous for deficiencies removing the left tip of chromosome V fail to accumulate the myo-3 and unc-54 products, but express antigens characteristic of hypodermal, pharyngeal and neural development. Embryos lacking a large region on chromosome III accumulate the unc-54 product but not the myo-3 product. We conclude that there exist only a small number of loci whose zygotic expression is uniquely required for adoption of a muscle cell fate.

scholarly journals Cloning and sequencing of cDNA of Sarcophaga peregrina humoral lectin induced on injury of the body wall.

1985 ◽  
Vol 260 (22) ◽  
pp. 12228-12233 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Takahashi ◽  
H Komano ◽  
N Kawaguchi ◽  
N Kitamura ◽  
S Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing

scholarly journals Mutations Affecting Nerve Attachment of Caenorhabditis elegans

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 1611-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Shioi ◽  
Michinari Shoji ◽  
Masashi Nakamura ◽  
Takeshi Ishihara ◽  
Isao Katsura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Muscle Attachment ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Ventral Cord ◽  
Excretory Canal

Abstract Using a pan-neuronal GFP marker, a morphological screen was performed to detect Caenorhabditis elegans larval lethal mutants with severely disorganized major nerve cords. We recovered and characterized 21 mutants that displayed displacement or detachment of the ventral nerve cord from the body wall (Ven: ventral cord abnormal). Six mutations defined three novel genetic loci: ven-1, ven-2, and ven-3. Fifteen mutations proved to be alleles of previously identified muscle attachment/positioning genes, mup-4, mua-1, mua-5, and mua-6. All the mutants also displayed muscle attachment/positioning defects characteristic of mua/mup mutants. The pan-neuronal GFP marker also revealed that mutants of other mua/mup loci, such as mup-1, mup-2, and mua-2, exhibited the Ven defect. The hypodermis, the excretory canal, and the gonad were morphologically abnormal in some of the mutants. The pleiotropic nature of the defects indicates that ven and mua/mup genes are required generally for the maintenance of attachment of tissues to the body wall in C. elegans.

The cuticle of adultNippostrongylus brasiliensis

Parasitology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Normal Appearance

The cuticle of adults ofNippostrongylus brasiliensishas been described using histological, histochemical and ultrastructural techniques.The cuticle has the following layers: an outer triple-layered membrane; a single cortical layer; a fluid-filled layer which is traversed by numerous collagen fibrils; struts which support the fourteen longitudinal ridges of the cuticle and which are suspended by collagen fibrils in the fluid-filled layer; two fibre layers, each layer apparently containing three layers of fibres; and a basement lamella.The fluid-filled layer contains haemoglobin and esterase.The muscles of the body wall are attached to either the basement lamella or to the fibre layers of the cuticle.The mitochondria of the hypodermis are of normal appearance.The longitudinal ridges of the cuticle appear to abrade the microvilli of the intestinal cells of the host.Possible functions of the cuticle are discussed.I wish to thank Dr P. Tate, in whose department this work was done, for helpful suggestions and criticism at all stages of this work, and Mr A. Page for technical assistance. I also wish to thank Professor Boyd for permission to use the electron microscope in the Department of Anatomy.

Lymphangiomatosis of the Body Wall: A Report of Two Cases Associated with Chylothorax and Fatal Outcome

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moerman ◽  
Chris Van Geet ◽  
Hugo Devlieger
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Body
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