Effect of dietary sugars on tissue lipid and carbohydrate in developing honeybee larvae

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dietary Sugars ◽  
Queen Larvae

Changing the sugar concentration in the diet of laboratory-reared honeybee larvae to simulate that of the natural diet for worker larvae induced sugar patterns similar to those found in natural worker larval haemolymph but not in the fat body. Feeding a low-sugar-level diet to larvae in the incubator showed changes in haemolymph sugar concentration similar to those found in natural worker larvae. This indicates that the changes in sugar concentrations around the third and the fourth molts are not the consequence of the changes of the dietary-sugar level but are regulated by an endogenous system. Addition of sugar to the early larval diet in the incubator showed changes in sugar concentration resembling those found in natural queen larvae. This indicates that the high level of sugar in the early diet is a factor inducing the development of the endogenous system in queen larvae. High sugar level in the early diet decreased tissue carbohydrate concentration but increased tissue lipid concentration which may be essential for the maturation of the reproductive system in queen larvae.

Studies in the mode of action of royal jelly in honeybee development. IX. The carbohydrates and lipids in the haemolymph and the fat body of developing larvae

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Tsao ◽  
R. W. Shuel
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Queen Larvae

No qualitative difference between honeybee queens and workers was found in the haemolymph sugars during their postembryonic development. Trehalose was the chief sugar and accounted for 95% of the total carbohydrates in both castes; glucose was the only other significant sugar. Sugar concentrations varied widely both with stage of development and caste. Different caste patterns of variation in fat body glycogen, trehalose, and glucose were observed. Glycogen concentration increased in queen larvae after they were sealed in their cells. Tissue lipid concentrations were higher in queens than in workers and increased in queens after larvae were sealed in their cells. The rapid reproductive development in queens during the short pupal period may be related to their ability of accumulating large food reserves.

scholarly journals Safety Assessment of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Related Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5S-38S
Author(s):  
Monice M. Fiume ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Ronald A. Hill ◽  
Curtis D. Klaassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Dietary Sugars ◽  
Flavoring Agent

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 25 monosaccharides, disaccharides, and related ingredients and concluded these are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment. Many of these ingredients are common dietary sugars, dietary sugar replacements, or very closely related analogs and salts; 7 of the ingredients are listed by the Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe food substances. The most commonly reported cosmetic function is as a skin-conditioning agent; other commonly reported functions are use as a humectant or as a flavoring agent. The Panel reviewed the animal and clinical data included in this assessment, acknowledged that the oral safety of many of these ingredients has been well established, and found it appropriate to extrapolate the existing information to conclude on the safety of all the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and related ingredients.

scholarly journals Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) alters the nutrients in the hemolymph, fat body, and cytochemistry of Diatraea flavipennella Box (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) hemocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Eliana Maria dos Passos ◽  
Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira ◽  
Ana Lucia Figueiredo Porto ◽  
Edmilson Jacinto Marques ◽  
Álvaro Aguiar Coelho Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Cotesia Flavipes ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharides ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific

Nutritional and physiological interactions depend on the evolutionary history of the host-parasitoid interaction considering that the host’s regulation by the parasitoid is species-specific. Cotesia flavipes Cameron was introduced in Brazil in the 70’s to be used in the control of Diatraea sugarcane borer complex; however, Diatraea flavipennella Box is restricted to Brazil. Thus, this study investigated the possible nutritional changes in the hemolymph and fat body, and cytochemistry of D. flavipennella hemocytes parasitized by Cotesia flavipes. The levels of nutrients were quantified using colorimetric tests in the hemolymph and fat body. Levels of acidic polysaccharides, mucin, and lipids were investigated only in hemocytes using cytochemical techniques. In addition, histological sections of parasitized and non-parasitized caterpillars were prepared to observe volume changes and the presence of glycogen in the fat body. The results showed a reduction in protein and lipid concentration in the hemolymph of parasitized caterpillars. The parasitism reduced the levels of total carbohydrate, glycogen, and protein in the fat body and almost completely consumed the perivisceral fat body. It changed the cytochemistry of hemocytes and reduced acidic glycans in prohemocytes and oenocytoids, mucin in plasmatocytes and granulocytes, and lipids in adipohemocytes, granulocytes, and prohemocytes. We concluded that the presence of the parasitoid leads to different changes in D. flavipennella hemolymph and fat body and alters the cytochemistry of hemocytes causing a significant reduction in the reserve tissue. The results from this study contribute to consolidating the use of C. flavipes in biological control programs targeting D. flavipennella in sugarcane crops.

scholarly journals Sir2 is essential for intergenerational effects of parental diet on offspring metabolism in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoya Hayashi ◽  
Satomi Takeo ◽  
Toshiro Aigaki
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Intergenerational Effects ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
High Level

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that parental diet can affect offspring metabolism and longevity in Drosophila. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Here we demonstrate that Sir2 encoding an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase is required for the intergenerational effects of low nutrition diet (1:5 dilution of standard diet). We observed an increased amount of triacylglyceride (TAG) in the offspring when fathers were maintained on a low nutrition diet for 2 days. The offspring had increased levels of metabolites of glycolysis and TCA cycle, the primary energy producing pathways. We found that Sir2 mutant fathers showed no intergenerational effects. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Sir2 in the fat body was sufficient to mimic the Sir2 mutant phenotype, and the phenotype was rescued by transgenic expression of wild-type Sir2 in the fat body. Interestingly, even fathers had no experience of low nutrition diet, overexpression of Sir2 in their fat bodies induced a high level of TAG in the offspring. These findings indicated that Sir2 is essential in the fat body of fathers to induce intergenerational effects of low nutrition diet.

Effects of two juvenile hormone analogs on hemolymph and fat-body metabolites of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemendra Mulye ◽  
Roger Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Hormone Analogs

Early sixth instar larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana were treated with LD50 doses of the juvenile hormone analogs fenoxycarb and methoprene. Fenoxycarb caused an initial decrease, then an increase, in hemolymph carbohydrate concentration; fat-body glycogen was depleted initially, then increased in concentration (cf. controls) toward the end of the 6-day experimental period. Methoprene caused an opposite effect on hemolymph carbohydrates, but a similar effect (cf. fenoxycarb) on fat-body glycogen. Protein concentrations in the hemolymph of fenoxycarb-treated and methoprene-treated insects were lower than those of controls. The concentration of fat-body soluble protein of fenoxycarb-treated insects was initially lower, then higher, than that of controls. Methoprene did not alter soluble protein levels in the fat bodies. Lipids in the hemolymph of fenoxycarb-treated insects were depleted (cf. controls) throughout the experimental period; in the fat bodies, lipid concentration was elevated initially, then lowered. In methoprene-treated insects, hemolymph lipid levels were similar to those of controls up to 96 h post-treatment, then declined to lower than control levels; fat-body lipid content was initially higher, then lower, and finally higher, than that of controls. Fenoxycarb and methoprene caused severe, yet dissimilar, disruptions in metabolism of all three nutrients.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Acceptability of ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) Based Mobile Chatbot Technology to Reduce Dietary Sugar Intake (P04-004-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjung Choi ◽  
Hyun-Sook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
High Level

Abstract Objectives A high level of dietary sugars intake is of concern because of its association with poor dietary quality, obesity, and risk of Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The ICT-based healthcare has been increasingly perceived to be an effective way to dietary assessment and monitoring. We engaged a mobile chat robot which can monitor dietary sugar intake after recording dietary intake and provide education message on the reduction of dietary sugar intake. Here, we examined the feasibility and acceptability of ICT based mobile chatbot to reduce dietary sugar intake. Methods In a two-month pre–post intervention study, 68 female college students aged 18–25 years consented and participated in this study. Participants were instructed to record all foods and beverages consumed using text mode input daily and received education message on the reduction of sugar intake once a week. At post intervention, participants were asked to answer the questionnaire about feasibility and acceptability test of chatbot by using Likert 5-point scale. Results The 91.2% of subjects reported chatbot was easy to use, and the 72% of participants answered the chatbot was easy to monitor their sugar intake. Among subjects, the 88.2% reported that they realized about their own dietary sugar intake, and the 92.6% answered the education message was very helpful to reduce dietary sugar intake. Meanwhile, 64.7% reported the burdensome to use the chat robot, and the 69.1% had trouble remembering to record their food intake. Conclusions ICT based mobile chatbot technology is represented to be feasible and acceptable in this study. Almost all participants reported that it is easy to use and monitor their sugar intake, and they were able to learn about nutrition education including monitoring sugar intake. The use of chatbot, however, can sometimes be a burden. Additional research is needed to ease the burden of participants to draw better and more accurate data. Funding Sources Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk factors: a network meta-analysis on isocaloric substitution interventions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schwingshackl ◽  
Manuela Neuenschwander ◽  
Georg Hoffmann ◽  
Anette E Buyken ◽  
Sabrina Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
Dietary Sugars

ABSTRACT Background There is controversy on the relevance of dietary sugar intake for cardiometabolic health. Objective The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess how isocaloric substitutions of dietary sugar with other carbohydrates affect cardiometabolic risk factors, comparing different intervention studies. Methods We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the isocaloric effect of substituting dietary sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose) with other sugars or starch on cardiometabolic risk markers, including LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), fasting glucose (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and liver fat content. To identify the most beneficial intervention for each outcome, random-effects NMA was conducted by calculating pooled mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs, and by ranking the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRAs). The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis tool. Results Thirty-eight RCTs, including 1383 participants, were identified. A reduction in LDL-cholesterol concentrations was shown for the exchange of sucrose with starch (MD: −0.23 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.07 mmol/L) or fructose with starch (MD: −0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.39, −0.05 mmol/L; SUCRAstarch: 98%). FG concentrations were also lower for the exchange of sucrose with starch (MD: −0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.29, 0.01 mmol/L; SUCRAstarch: 91%). Replacing fructose with an equivalent energy amount of glucose reduced HOMA-IR (MD: −0.36; 95% CI: −0.71, −0.02; SUCRAglucose: 74%) and uric acid (MD: −23.77 µmol/L; 95% CI: −44.21, −3.32 µmol/L; SUCRAglucose: 93%). The certainty of evidence was rated very low to moderate. No significant effects were observed for TG, HbA1c, CRP, ALT, and AST. Conclusions Our findings indicate that substitution of sucrose and fructose with starch yielded lower LDL cholesterol. Insulin resistance and uric acid concentrations were beneficially affected by replacement of fructose with glucose. Our findings are limited by the very low to moderate certainty of evidence. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42018080297.

scholarly journals Fruit Load Limits Root Growth, Summer Vegetative Shoot Development, and Flowering in Alternate-bearing ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin Trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ockert P.J. Stander ◽  
Graham H. Barry ◽  
Paul J.R. Cronjé
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Vegetative Shoot ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Fruit Load

The objectives of this study were to improve the understanding of the mechanism of alternate bearing and the role of carbohydrates in ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) trees. Selected phenological responses were measured in natural heavy- (“on”) and low-fruiting (“off”) ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin trees grown under commercial South African production conditions. The relationships with seasonal leaf and root carbohydrate concentrations were evaluated at the shoot-, branch- and tree level over two seasons. Fruit load [R2 = (−)0.80 and R2 = (−)0.73 in seasons 1 and 2, respectively; (P < 0.01)] and the number of newly developed vegetative shoots [R2 = 0.81 and R2 = 0.78 in seasons 1 and 2, respectively; (P < 0.01)] were the most important determinants of return bloom. Sprouting of a higher number of new vegetative shoots from “off” trees compared with “on” trees (“off” = 863 and 1439 vs. “on” = 306 and 766) was not related to leaf carbohydrate concentration. Root sugar concentration peaked during full bloom and higher root growth activity was observed before a higher number of new vegetative shoots developing in “off” trees during summer. The root sugar concentration early in the season was ≈3-fold lower, and root and shoot growth were absent, or lower in “on” trees compared with “off” trees. These results concur with previous research and confirm that fruit load in “on” trees inhibits summer vegetative shoot development, which manifests in poor flowering and an “off” year. This study shows that fruit are the major carbohydrate sink and probably disturb the balance between vegetative shoot development and root growth by limiting carbohydrate allocation to roots.

scholarly journals Multi-Omic Profiling Reveals the Opposing Forces of Excess Dietary Sugar and Fat on Liver Mitochondria Protein Acetylation and Succinylation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse G. Meyer ◽  
Samir Softic ◽  
Nathan Basisty ◽  
Matthew J. Rardin ◽  
Eric Verdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Standard Chow Diet ◽  
Citrate Accumulation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
Dietary Sugars

SummaryDietary macronutrient composition alters metabolism through several mechanisms, including post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. To connect diet and molecular changes, here we performed short- and long-term feeding of mice with standard chow diet (SCD) and high-fat diet (HFD), with or without glucose or fructose supplementation, and quantified liver metabolites, 861 proteins, and 1,815 protein level-corrected mitochondrial acetylation and succinylation sites. Nearly half the acylation sites were altered by at least one diet; nutrient-specific changes in protein acylation sometimes encompass entire pathways. Although acetyl-CoA is an intermediate in both sugar and fat metabolism, acetyl-CoA had a dichotomous fate depending on its source; chronic feeding of dietary sugars induced protein hyperacetylation, whereas the same duration of HFD did not. Instead, HFD resulted in citrate accumulation, anaplerotic metabolism of amino acids, and protein hypo-succinylation. Together, our results demonstrate novel connections between dietary macronutrients, protein post-translational modifications, and regulation of fuel selection in liver.Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract

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