Heterogeneous acclimation of fish to temperature

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmy K. Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Tissue

Brook trout were acclimated heterogeneously for 3 weeks by exposing the head and tail simultaneously to two different temperatures. Time to death at a lethal temperature was taken as a measure of resistance acclimation. The relation between the resistance acclimation and mean temperature of the whole fish during acclimation indicated that the response of the whole organism depends on the mean thermal history of the total tissue regardless of the anatomical site. The mechanism through which a fish can acclimate to a higher or lower level of temperature is still unknown and whether the central nervous system has a direct or indirect role on such acclimation is not yet clear.

Effects of partial exposure to lethal temperature on heterogeneously acclimated fish

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1249-1255
Author(s):  
Fahmy K. Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The One

Brook trout were acclimated either homogeneously, by exposing the whole body to the same temperature, or heterogeneously, by exposing the head and tail concurrently to two different temperatures in a divided chamber. After acclimation, one end of the fish was exposed to a lethal temperature (27.5C) while the other end was subjected to either 10 or 20C. The lethal response of any region of the fish varies with the acclimation temperature. For a heterogeneously acclimated fish, the cold-acclimated region when exposed to the lethal temperature reflected a mean body temperature effect, but when the warm-acclimated region was the one exposed, the time to death almost coincided with that of a fish wholly warm-acclimated and similarly exposed to the lethal temperature. When the head was exposed, death took place more rapidly when the tail region was at 20C than when it was at 10C. When the tail was exposed, death was slower when the head was at 20C than when it was at 10C. It is suggested that the tissue exposed responds according to its individual level of thermal acclimation.

THE FAMILY HISTORY OF SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
John Lorber
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spina Bifida Cystica

1. The family histories of 722 infants who were born with spina bifida cystica were studied. 2. The index cases were referred for surgical treatment and were not selected in any way from the genetic point of view. 3. Intensive inquiries were made to obtain a complete family pedigree, including a prospective follow-up of siblings born after the index case. 4. Of 1,256 siblings 85 or 6.8% had gross malformation of the central nervous system: spina bifida cystica in 54, anencephaly in 22, and uncomplicated hydrocephalus in 9. 5. Of 306 children born after the index case 25 (8%) or 1 in 12 were affected. 6. There was a progressive increase in multiple cases in the family with increasing family size. In sibships of five or more, multiple cases occurred in 24.1%. 7. In 118 families cases of gross malformation of the central nervous system were known to have occurred among members of the family other than siblings. Cases occurred in three generations. 8. It is possible that spina bifida cystica might be a recessively inherited condition.

Primary Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis in Children and Adults: A Morphological and Molecular Comparative Study With Literature Review

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnault Tauziede-Espariat ◽  
Andre Maues de Paula ◽  
Melanie Pages ◽  
Annie Laquerriere ◽  
Emilie Caietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PLG) is a poorly recognized tumor of the central nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of PLG. METHODS: Results of our multicentric retrospective study of 6 PLG cases (3 pediatric and 3 adult) were compared with literature data. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.7 years for adults and 8.7 years for children, with 3 males and 3 females. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses showed a high protein level often associated with pleocytosis but without neoplastic cells. On neuroimaging, diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and hydrocephalus were observed, except in 1 case. PLG was mostly misinterpreted as infectious or tumoral meningitis. The first biopsy was negative in 50% of cases. Histopathologically, PLG cases corresponded to 1 oligodendroglioma without 1p19q codeletion and 5 astrocytomas without expression of p53. No immunostaining for IDH1R132H and no mutations of IDH1/2 and H3F3A genes were found. Overall survival was highly variable (2-82 months) but seems to be increased in children treated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study shows the difficulties of PLG diagnosis. The challenge is to achieve an early biopsy to establish a diagnosis and to begin a treatment, but the prognosis remains poor. PLG seems to have a different molecular and immunohistochemical pattern compared with intraparenchymal malignant gliomas.

scholarly journals The life history of Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Lesage, 1908) Pessoa, 1970: a parasite of the common laboratory animal: the frog of the genus Leptodactylus

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvio Celso Goncalves da Costa ◽  
Samuel B. Pessoa ◽  
Neize de Moura Pereira ◽  
Tania Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Life History ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

The main object of the present paper is to furnish a brief account to the knowledgement of Protozoa parasitic in common Brazilian frog of the genus Leptodactylus for general students in Zoology and for investigators that use this frog as a laboratory animal. Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Haemogregarina leptodactyli) was found in two species of frogs - Leptodactylus ocellatus and L. pentadactylus - in which develop schizogony whereas sporogony occurs in the leech Haementeria lutzi as was obtainded in experimental conditions. Intracellular forms have been found in peripheral circulation, chiefly in erythrocytes, but we have found them in leukocytes too. Tissue stages were found in frog, liver, lungs, spleen, gut, brain and heart. The occurence of hemogregarine in the Central Nervous System was recorded by Costa & al,(13) and Ball (2). Some cytochemical methods were employed in attempt to differentiate gametocytes from trophozoites in the peripheral blood and to characterize the cystic membrane as well. The speorogonic cycle was developed in only one specie of leech. A brief description of the parasite is given.

scholarly journals Ecstasy-Associated Pneumomediastinum

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana F Marasco ◽  
H Kiat Lim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Pharmacological Effect ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
The Hours ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

INTRODUCTION Ecstasy, also known as MDMA (3,4, methylenedioxymethamphetamine), is a popular illicit party drug amongst young adults. The drug induces a state of euphoria secondary to its stimulant activity in the central nervous system. PATIENTS AND METHODS A database review at two major inner city hospitals was undertaken to identify patients presenting with pneumomediastinum and their charts reviewed. A Medline review of all reported cases of pneumomediastinum associated with ecstasy abuse was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 56 patients presenting with pneumomediastinum were identified over a 5-year period. Review of the charts revealed a history of ecstasy use in the hours prior to presentation in six of these patients, representing the largest series reported to date. CONCLUSIONS Review of previously reported cases reveals the likely mechanism is due to Valsalva manoeuvre during periods of extreme physical exertion, and not a direct pharmacological effect of the drug.

scholarly journals A Reversible Cytotoxic Lesion of the Corpus Callosum Developing after a Rapid Alteration in Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure/Volume in a Patient with New Daily Persistent Headache

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Todd D. Rozen ◽  
Hector A. Robles
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
New Daily Persistent Headache ◽  
Csf Pressure ◽  
Acute Withdrawal ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Head Pressure ◽  
Persistent Headache

A case is presented of a woman with a history of daily persistent head pressure and dizziness who developed a cytotoxic lesion of the splenium of the corpus callosum after an acute withdrawal of chronic acetazolamide treatment and then, in quick succession, a CSF pressure/volume drop with a lumbar puncture. This is the first documentation that rapid alterations of CSF pressure/volume may trigger cytotoxic lesions in the central nervous system.

Individual Differences and Reliability of Information Transmission in Absolute Judgments of Loudness, Brightness and Line Lengths

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Landau ◽  
Monte S. Buchsbaum ◽  
Richard Coppola ◽  
Miriam Sihvonen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Information Transmission ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean

Information transmission, as estimated from absolute judgments of loudness, brightness and line length, was measured in 35 normal Ss. Each S was tested on all modalities on each of three days. Individuals varied widely in their ability to transmit information and were consistent across modalities and days; reliabilities for loudness, brightness and line length between Days 2 and 3 were 0.72, 0.81, and 0.89 respectively. The mean intercorrelation between modalities was 0.40. WAIS Digit Span but no other intelligence scale was positively correlated with transmission of information. The results suggest the existence of a single information-processing facility in the central nervous system.

Risperidone in the Treatment of Pervasive Developmental Disorder

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scot E. Purdon ◽  
Wilson Lit ◽  
Alain Labelle ◽  
Barry D.W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorder ◽  
Autistic Disorder ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Elevated concentrations of blood serotonin have been documented in autistic children and mentally retarded adults. Antiserotonergic pharmacotherapy has been partially effective in treating a subgroup of children with autistic disorder. Therefore, the possibility is raised that an antiserotonergic treatment may be of value to adult psychiatric patients with a history of pervasive developmental disorder. Two such cases are described where the patients underwent psychiatric and neuropsychological examination before and after treatment with risperidone, a potent 5-HT2 antagonist with additional D2 antagonistic properties. Particular improvements were documented in both patients, despite long histories of cognitive compromise and high likelihood of damage to the central nervous system.

Modern Blockbusters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Schmidt ◽  
Simon Shorvon
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Five modern antiepileptic drugs have reached the fabled blockbuster status (more than $1 billion sales per year), albeit for treatment of not only epilepsy but for other disorders of the central nervous system too. These drugs generated huge profits, and the chapter asks, how were they discovered and are they worth their money? The history of the five blockbusters—levetiracetam, lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, and pregabalin—provides an interesting study of chance, science, wrong ideas, and finance, and most importantly luck. The discovery of the antiepileptic effects of some of these compounds was stumbled upon by simple good fortune, and others barely escaped an early demise during an unpromising early development. Despite the commercial success, no study has shown any of these drugs to be any more effective than older drugs, yet they made billions. This chapter examines how industry could do this and what the drivers are for success.

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