A redescription of the nematode Oncholaimus vesicarius (Wieser, 1959) and observations on the pigment spots of this species and of Oncholaimus skawensis Ditlevsen, 1921

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nelson ◽  
J. M. Webster ◽  
A. H. Burr
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Male Tail ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Late Embryonic Stage

Oncholaimus vesicarius (Wieser, 1959) n. comb., is described and is differentiated from O. oxyuris (Wieser, 1953) n. comb., by the marked constriction of the body at the anus and by the medial position of the midventral, caudal setose papillae and gubernaculum in the male. It is differentiated from O. steinböcki by the shape and length of the male tail and from O. skawensis by the shorter, stouter tail in both sexes, the very prominent midventral caudal papillae, and the relative proportions of the tail and spicules in the male. Local populations of O. vesicarius and O. skawensis are consistently separated by the color of the anterior pigment spots. The anterior red pigment spots of O. skawensis appear in the late embryonic stage of the unhatched egg and before the appearance of the diffuse brown oesophageal pigment in the oesophageal muscle.

A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata: Geckkonidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2336 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEI SHI ◽  
HUI ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Male Tail ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Cyrtodactylus described from Nyemo County, Xizang Autonomous Region, China is here referred to a new species, Cyrtodactylus zhaoermii sp. nov. It is distinguished from all other Cyrtodactylus by the following characters: dorsal surface of the body with fine granules intermixed with larger sub-conical tubercles arranged into 20 more or less regular rows; proximal subdigital lamellae transversely expanded; 19–20 subdigital lamellae on toe IV; 30–32 midbody ventral scales; most scales in femoral region small, granular, series of 12–14 enlarged femoral scales lacking pores; a series of precloacal pores (4) present in male; tail with distinct segments, large, posteriorly directed tubercles in whorls, numbering nine to ten per caudal annulus, three on each side and three to four on the dorsum, situated at the posterior edge of each annulus; subcaudals not transversely expanded. The new species is the fourth Cyrtodactylus known from Xizang Autonomous Region.

scholarly journals The Sexual Effect of Chicken Embryos on the Yolk Metabolites and Liver Lipid Metabolism

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Peng Ding ◽  
Yueyue Tong ◽  
Shu Wu ◽  
Xin Yin ◽  
Huichao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Embryonic Stage ◽  
Female Chicken

The metabolic processes of animals are usually affected by sex. Egg yolk is the major nutrient utilized for the growth and development of a chicken embryo. In this study, we explored the differences of yolk metabolites in male and female chicken embryos by LC–MS/MS. Furthermore, we investigated the mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in chicken embryo liver with different sexes in different embryonic stages. The results showed that the nutrient metabolites in the yolk of female chickens were mainly related to lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism in the early embryonic stage, and vitamin metabolism in the late embryonic stage. The male yolk metabolites were mainly associated with lipid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism in the early developmental stage, and amino acids metabolism in the late embryonic stage. There was no significant difference in the expression of LPL or FAS in livers of male and female chicken embryos at different embryonic stages. Our results may lead to a better understanding of the sexual effect on yolk nutrient metabolism during chicken embryonic development.

scholarly journals Two new nematode species of the genus Tobrilus Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda, Triplonchida) from Lake Baikal, Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Naumova ◽  
Vladimir G. Gagarin
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Tail ◽  
Lubomirskia Baicalensis

Two new nematode species of the genus Tobrilus Andrássy, 1959 from Lake Baikal are described and illustrated. The first species Tobrilus elginus sp. nov. was found in the littoral zone of Maloye More Bays. The second species Tobrilus juliae sp. nov. dwells on bodies of dead sponges Lubomirskia baicalensis (Pallas, 1776). Tobrilus elginus sp. nov. is most similar to T. amabilis Tsalolikhin, 1974 and T. bekmanae Tsalolikhin, 1975. In contrast to the first species it has a shorter body and spicules, longer gubernaculum and a shorter supplements row. Its body is shorter and thinner, tail and supplement row are shorter and the vulva is more posterior as compared to the second species. The body size of Tobrilus juliae sp. nov. is most similar to T. securus Gagarin & Naumova, 2011 and T. saprophagus Naumova & Gagarin, 2017. From the first of these species it differs by the thinner body, shorter tail, comparatively shorter outer labial setae and shorter spicules. It differs from the second species by a thinner body, shorter male tail and shorter labial setae.

The Nacteous (Mottled) Group of the Goldfish (Carassius auratus L.), with an Analysis of the Colours Seen in these Fish

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Affleck
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Orange Pigment ◽  
Black Smoke ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Yellow Pigments ◽  
First Time

The colours of nacreous (mottled) fish are usually mottled but specimens do occur in which only one kind of the black, orange, or yellow chromatophores is present, while some lack pigments over most of the body. The colours appear metallic, pearl, or matt depending on the presence or absence of reflecting tissue in two definite layers. The hues seen in these fish are black, smoke, blue, orange, yellow, blood-red, and silver, which occur singly or in combinations. These hues are produced by black, orange, and yellow pigments in chromatophores, silver reflectillg tissue, and haemoglobin in the blood. The presence of a yellow pigment — a carotenoid — is reported for the first time. Although the colour red has been reported no red pigment has ever been described. An intense orange pigment will produce a red effect on a pale blood-red background. The nacreous (mottled) group of the goldfish is intermediate between the metallic (scaled) and matt (transparent) groups with regard to the amount of reflecting tissue. The colours of these fish may not be used as criteria of the groups.

The development of a biological novelty: a different way to make appendages as revealed in the snout of the star-nosed mole Condylura cristata

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (20) ◽  
pp. 2719-2726
Author(s):  
K.C. Catania ◽  
R.G. Northcutt ◽  
J.H. Kaas
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Unique Pattern ◽  
Appendage Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
Appendage Formation ◽  
Condylura Cristata

The nose of the star-nosed mole Condylura cristata is a complex biological novelty consisting of 22 epidermal appendages. How did this new set of facial appendages arise? Recent studies find remarkable conservation of the genes expressed during appendage formation across phyla, suggesting that the basic mechanisms for appendage development are ancient. In the nose of these moles, however, we find a unique pattern of appendage morphogenesis, showing that evolution is capable of constructing appendages in different ways. During development, the nasal appendages of the mole begin as a series of waves in the epidermis. A second deep layer of epidermis then grows under these superficial epidermal waves to produce 22 separate, elongated epidermal cylinders embedded in the side of the mole's face. The caudal end of each cylinder later erupts from the face and rotates forward to project rostrally, remaining attached only at the tip of the snout. As a result of this unique ‘unfolding’ formation, the rostral end of each adult appendage is derived from caudal embryonic facial tissue, while the caudal end of each appendage is derived from rostral facial tissue. This developmental process has essentially no outgrowth phase and results in the reversal of the original embryonic orientation of each appendage. This differs from the development of other known appendages, which originate either as outgrowths of the body wall or from subdivisions of outgrowths (e.g. tetrapod digits). Adults of a different mole species (Scapanus townsendii) exhibit a star-like pattern that resembles an embryonic stage of the star-nosed mole, suggesting that the development of the star recapitulates stages of its evolution.

Description of Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae) found in packaging wood from Taiwan

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Gu ◽  
Jiangling Wang ◽  
Xianfeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Contour ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Male Tail

Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. is described and figured. The new species was isolated from pine packaging wood from Taiwan and inspected in Ningbo harbour, China, in 2009. Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. is characterised by the lip region lacking a clear constriction separating it from the body contour, stylet relatively short (12-17 μm) and without basal knobs, and presence of three lines in the lateral field. The female post-uterine sac is less than a body diam. long, the rectum and anus are absent and the tail is conoid with a sharply pointed terminus. The male tail is conoid and has a hair-like mucron (0.5-2.5 μm), the spicules are mitten-shaped, 12.5-14.4 μm long (chord) and are smoothly curved with a prominent rounded condylus, prominent pointed rostrum, and broadly rounded distal end. There are three pairs of subventral caudal papillae. Ektaphelenchus taiwanensis sp. n. is similar to E. betulae, E. josephi, E. joyceae, E. prolobos, E. propora and E. tuerkorum from which it can be separated by a combination of various morphometric and morphological characters. The D2D3 LSU and partial SSU region sequences were analysed and aligned using ClustalW implemented in MEGA version 4.0. Phylogenetic trees were generated with the Neighbour Joining (NJ) method using the Tajima-Nei distance option. The feeding habit of the new species is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Changes in Catecholamines and Dopaminergic Metabolites in Pigeon Brain During Development from the Late Embryonic Stage Toward Hatch

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Yamasaki ◽  
Tomo Takagi ◽  
Daichi Oikawa ◽  
Tomoyuki Koutoku ◽  
Yusuke Koga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Late Embryonic Stage

Morphogenesis of shell and scutes in the turtle Emydura macquarii

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Alibardi ◽  
Michael B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Dermal Bone ◽  
Superficial Dermis ◽  
Dermal Bones ◽  
Extracellular Fibrils

Formation of the scutes and dermis of the embryonic shell of the turtle Emydura macquarii was studied using light and electron microscopy. Shell morphogenesis begins at embryonic stage 15 and the shape of the shell is mostly completed by embryonic stage 19. The carapace anlagen arises as a thickening of the skin in the dorsal part of the mid-trunk region between the anterior and posterior limbs. This thickening extends ventro-laterally to form ridges at the margins of the carapace. Each ridge forms as a thick epidermal placode over a condensation of mesenchymal cells. The epidermis behind the advancing margins of the carapace is cuboidal or columnar but does not form placodes. The margins of the carapace expand rapidly in all directions. The plastron anlagen is derived from epidermal cells localised in the latero-ventral regions between the fore- and hind-limbs. Plastron placodes are present laterally, while the mid-ventral and central epidermis remains cuboidal or columnar but does not form placodes at embryonic stage 16. The plastron thickening rapidly moves from a latero-ventral position to a flat ventral position between embryonic stages 16 and 19. Dermal–epidermal anchoring complexes occur throughout placodes of both the carapace and plastron, but are rare in non-placode areas. The accumulation of a dense mesenchyme beneath the shell epidermis forms a dermal cushion that surrounds the body cavity. The superficial dermis close to the epidermis is made of mesenchymal fibroblasts at embryonic stage 19, although the inner-most areas contain bipolar fibroblasts and extracellular fibrils. Scutes with serrations at their borders form as invaginations of the epidermis into the dermis in the mid-dorsal areas of the embryo at embryonic stages 18–19. Dermal–epidermal anchoring complexes are located around the infoldings that form the scutes of the hinge region. The epidermis of the shell has 2–3 suprabasal cells at embryonic stages 19–22, and lacks keratinisation before embryonic stage 22 when it has 4–6 suprabasal layers with 2–3 external layers made of flat cells. The dermis thickens and has numerous collagen fibrils after embryonic stage 19. The formation of dermal bones begins at embryonic stage 18–19 in the plastron. Only small areas of the carapace near to the bridge have begun to form dermal bone at embryonic stage 19. Calcification begins at embryonic stage 19, but is still incomplete at embryonic stages 24–25.

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