Calcium storage in the soft tissues of freshwater gastropods. The influence of environmental calcium concentrations

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1001-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Haley ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Calcium Storage ◽  
Helisoma Duryi ◽  
Mantle Edge

An investigation was made of the influence of an environmental calcium concentration gradient on the storage of calcium spherules in Helisoma duryi eudiscus. A preliminary survey of adult snails revealed that the primary sites of calcium storage are the subepithelial connective tissues of the mantle-edge, pulmonary region, and foot. Snails were hatched and raised for 6 weeks in one of seven solutions of different calcium concentrations. These calcium chloride solutions contained the following concentrations of calcium: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mg calcium/100 ml of demineralized water. It was found that a significantly higher number of calcium spherules are stored at both extremes of this concentration range, that is, in the 1, 32, and 64 mg calcium/100 ml solutions. The effects of the intermediate concentrations on calcium storage are not significantly different with respect to each other.

Histochemical studies of dopa oxidase and peroxidase in the mantle-edge of the freshwater gastropod, Helisoma duryi eudiscus (Pilsbry)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Kapur ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Helisoma Duryi ◽  
Mantle Edge ◽  
Dopa Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Reaction

The mantle-edge gland produces the highly tanned, densely fibrous periostracum, and the cubocolumnar cells contribute to the deposition of the less highly tanned matrix of the inner shell layers. The mantle-edge gland gives positive reactions for dopa oxidase and peroxidase, but does not contain melanin. The cubocolumnar cells reveal a positive reaction for dopa oxidase, possess numerous melanin granules, and exhibit a negative reaction for peroxidase. It is suggested that quinones may contribute to the process of tanning and hardening of the structural proteins of the shell. The dopa oxidase reaction within the cubocolumnar cells indicates the presence of tyrosine and suggests that these cells are capable of producing quinones to color and harden the protein component of the inner shell layers. It also explains the abundance of melanin granules within these cells. Within the mantle-edge gland, it is suggested that the peroxidase inhibits the formation of melanin from dopa quinone, and peroxidase, by accentuating quinone production, may cause further hardening of the periostracum.

Ca2+ signals obtained with multiple indicators in mammalian vascular muscle cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. H1456-H1461
Author(s):  
T. T. DeFeo ◽  
G. M. Briggs ◽  
K. G. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Fura 2 ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Calcium Storage ◽  
Vascular Muscle Cells

Enzymatically isolated single cells from ferret portal vein were loaded with the fluorescent dyes fura-2 and chlortetracycline. Ferret portal vein intact strips were loaded with the luminescent indicator aequorin. At short loading times, fura-2 loading resulted in relatively homogeneous images of labeled cells. At longer loading times, extremely heterogeneous images were obtained that were similar to those produced by chlortetracycline, an indicator recognized to enter calcium-storage organelles. A significant effect of fura-2 on contractile function was detected at the long but not at the short loading time. Caffeine, which is known to deplete calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum, decreased the fura-2 fluorescent intensity when cells were incubated for a long loading time but caused no statistically significant change at the short loading time. Caffeine caused no drop in the aequorin signal but did cause a drop in the chlortetracycline fluorescence. These results are consistent with the idea that aequorin reports cytoplasmic intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), chlortetracycline reports stored calcium, and fura-2 reports a mixed signal from the cytoplasm and calcium-storage organelles depending on incubation time.

Measurement of Mechanical Characteristics of Tibial Periosteum and Evaluation of Local Differences

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Uchiyama ◽  
K. Yamakoshi ◽  
T. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Linear Region ◽  
Strain Pattern

Stress–strain relationships of bovine tibial periosteum, harvested from anterior, medial, lateral, and posterior aspects of tibia, were successfully measured using a newly developed experimental system. Results showed a curvilinear stress–strain pattern having three regions, i.e., toe, almost linear, and rupture regions, which resembled those of biological soft tissues like ligaments, skin, etc. Tensile moduli in the toe region (Ee) and in the linear region (Ec) were obtained by linear regressional analyses. These values and the tensile strength (σt) showed clear local differences. The values of Ee, Ec, and σt, in the longitudinal direction in the metaphyseal regions where ligaments or connective tissues attach were approximately two times larger than those in the diaphysis, where muscles or connective tissues attach. However, these properties in the metaphyseal and diaphyseal regions with muscle attachments were almost the same. In the transverse direction, these properties in the anterior proximal metaphysis were approximately two times larger than those in the diaphysis and in the distal metaphysis. In the other regions, these properties appeared not to be significantly different. These results clearly demonstrate that the mechanical properties of periosteum are strongly influenced by the ligament and muscle attachments.

scholarly journals Testing soft tissue radiodensity parameters interplay with age and self-reported physical activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Recenti ◽  
Carlo Ricciardi ◽  
Kyle Edmunds ◽  
Deborah Jacob ◽  
Monica Gambacorta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Relationship Of

Aging well is directly associated to a healthy lifestyle. The focus of this paper is to relate individual wellness with medical image features. Non-linear trimodal regression analysis (NTRA) is a novel method that models the radiodensitometric distributions of x-ray computed tomography (CT) cross-sections. It generates 11 patient-specific parameters that describe the quality and quantity of muscle, fat, and connective tissues. In this research, the relationship of these 11 NTRA parameters with age, physical activity, and lifestyle is investigated in the 3,157 elderly volunteers AGES-I dataset. First, univariate statistical analyses were performed, and subjects were grouped by age and self-reported past (youth–midlife) and present (within 12 months of the survey) physical activity to ascertain which parameters were the most influential. Then, machine learning (ML) analyses were conducted to classify patients using NTRA parameters as input features for three ML algorithms. ML is also used to classify a Lifestyle index using the age groups. This classification analysis yielded robust results with the lifestyle index underlying the relevant differences of the soft tissues between age groups, especially in fat and connective tissue. Univariate statistical models suggested that NTRA parameters may be susceptible to age and differences between past and present physical activity levels. Moreover, for both age and physical activity, lean muscle parameters expressed more significant variation than fat and connective tissues.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Results of Soft Tissues around a New Implant Healing-Abutment Surface: A Human Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ghinassi ◽  
Gianmaria D’Addazio ◽  
Angela Di Baldassarre ◽  
Beatrice Femminella ◽  
Giorgio Di Vincenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
External Layer ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Although, the high success rate of implant rehabilitation treatment, the biological complications such as bone loss and peri-implantitis are still present. The creation of a coronal biological seal between the implant and the oral tissues seems to be a crucial point on preserving dental implants. The objective of this study was to immunohistochemically analyze the behavior of peri-implant soft tissues around a new implant healing-abutment surface on humans. A total of 30 soft tissue biopsies were collected after a healing period of 30 (±7) days, to analyze the expression of inflammatory (cluster of differentiation 63 (CD63), human neutrophil peptides 1–3 (HPN1–3)) and junctional (E-cadherin, occludin, and β-catenin) markers, on soft tissues around laser treated and machined alternated healing abutments. The evaluation demonstrated the whole area of the soft tissues adherent to the laser treated surface with a regular morphology. While several stress hallmarks in correspondence of machined surfaces were shown such as: (a) An irregular, disrupted, and discontinued basal membrane with an increased inflammation evident both the epithelial and connective tissues; (b) the absence or defective proper keratinization process of the external layer, and (c) damages in the cell to cell interaction. In conclusion, the laser treated surface is preferable to maintain the integrity and functionality of the gingiva epithelium.

Vitamin E protection of obesity-enhanced vascular calcification in uremic rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (4) ◽  
pp. F422-F429 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peralta-Ramírez ◽  
A. Montes de Oca ◽  
A. I. Raya ◽  
C. Pineda ◽  
I. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Obese Rats

This study aimed to determine the extent of extraskeletal calcification in uremic Zucker rats, by comparing obese and lean phenotypes, and to evaluate the influence of vitamin E (VitE) on the development of calcifications in both uremic rats and human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) cultured in vitro. Zucker rats of lean and obese phenotypes with normal renal function [control (C); C-lean and C-obese groups] and with uremia [5/6 nephrectomy (Nx); Nx-lean and Nx-obese groups] and uremic rats treated with VitE (Nx-lean + VitE and Nx-obese + VitE groups) were studied. Uremic groups were subjected to Nx, fed a 0.9% phosphorus diet, and treated with calcitriol (80 ng/kg ip). The aortic calcium concentration was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in Nx-obese rats (10.0 ± 2.1 mg/g tissue) than in Nx-lean rats (3.6 ± 1.3 mg/g tissue). A decrease in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in Nx-obese rats compared with Nx-lean rats (217.2 ± 18.2 vs. 382.3 ± 15.5 nmol·min−1·ml−1, P < 0.05). Treatment with VitE restored glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced the aortic calcium concentration to 4.6 ± 1.3 mg/g tissue. The differences in mineral deposition between Nx-lean, Nx-obese, Nx-lean + VitE, and Nx-obese + VitE rats were also evidenced in other soft tissues. In HVSMCs incubated with high phosphate, VitE also prevented oxidative stress and reduced calcium content, bone alkaline phosphatase, and gene expression of core-binding factor-α1. In conclusion, uremic obese rats develop more severe calcifications than uremic lean rats and VitE reduces oxidative stress and vascular calcifications in both rats and cultures of HVSMCs.

A histochemical study of the development of the mantle-edge and shell in the freshwater gastropod, Helisoma duryi eudiscus (Pilsbry)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Kapur ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Helisoma Duryi ◽  
Yellow Body ◽  
Golgi Element ◽  
Mantle Edge ◽  
Extrapallial Fluid ◽  
Distal Border

Glycogen and ribonucleic acid are present in the mantle-edge during the prehatching period and in the adult. The cubocolumnar epithelium contains the largest stores of glycogen. Ribonucleic acid is most abundant in the mantle-edge gland, and the mucous and mucoprotein cells. Mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins occur within the mantle-edge epithelium, excepting the mantle-edge gland, and within the shell ground substance. Mucous glands and the sheath surrounding the organic plates are rich in sulfated mucopolysaccharides. Alkaline phosphatase and calcium could not be demonstrated during the prehatching stages. In the adult, alkaline phosphatase reactions are intense along the distal border of the cubocolumnar epithelium, and the basal borders of the epithelia of the mantle-edge gland, median lobe, and ventral lobe. Calcium carbonate occurs as spherules in the connective tissue, in the extrapallial fluid, and within the organic plates and crystalline layers of the shell. In the adult, lipids are most plentiful in the dorsal lobe epithelium and yellow body cells. Vitamin A occurs only within the cubocolumnar and yellow body cells. Cytochrome oxidase is present within the mantle-edge epithelium and, in terms of relative amounts, reflects the activity of the various lobes. Similarly, the size of the Golgi element can be correlated with the activity of the mantle-edge epithelia.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Metals to a Freshwater Snail,Melanoides tuberculata

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shuhaimi-Othman ◽  
R. Nur-Amalina ◽  
Y. Nadzifah
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
Melanoides Tuberculata ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Adult freshwater snailsMelanoides tuberculata(Gastropod, Thiaridae) were exposed for a four-day period in laboratory conditions to a range of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn) concentrations. Mortality was assessed and median lethal times (LT50) and concentrations (LC50) were calculated. LT50and LC50increased with the decrease in mean exposure concentrations and times, respectively, for all metals. The LC50values for the 96-hour exposures to Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Al, and Mn were 0.14, 1.49, 3.90, 6.82, 8.46, 8.49, 68.23, and 45.59 mg L−1, respectively. Cu was the most toxic metal toM. tuberculata, followed by Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Al (Cu > Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Fe > Mn > Al). Metals bioconcentration inM. tuberculataincreases with exposure to increasing concentrations and Cu has the highest accumulation (concentration factor) in the soft tissues. A comparison of LC50values for metals for this species with those for other freshwater gastropods reveals thatM. tuberculatais equally sensitive to metals.

A histochemical study of calcium storage in the foot of the freshwater gastropod, Helisoma duryi eudiscus (Pilsbry)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Kapur ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Helisoma Duryi ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Storage

Shortly after hatching, calcium appears in the form of numerous spherules within the connective tissue of the foot of Helisoma. Concomitantly, there is a change in the histochemical demonstration of sulfated mucopolysaccharides, glycogen, and alkaline phosphatase. The sulfated mucopolysaccharide component of the mucous glands and the mucous coating of the foot increase in staining intensity. Similarly, the glycogen content of the foot epithelium and subepithelial connective tissues increases in staining intensity. Also, alkaline phosphatase first appears and exhibits an intense staining reaction within the foot epithelium. It is suggested that the coincidental appearance of these substances is related to the percutaneous absorption and storage of calcium. It is proposed that the sulfated mucopolysaccharides absorb calcium from the environment, that this calcium–mucous complex is hydrolyzed by the alkaline phosphatase, that the released calcium becomes bound to the fibers and sulfated mucopolysaccharides forming the matrix of the spherules, and that the calcium is accumulated in the form of such spherules.

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