A histochemical study of the development of the mantle-edge and shell in the freshwater gastropod, Helisoma duryi eudiscus (Pilsbry)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Kapur ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Helisoma Duryi ◽  
Yellow Body ◽  
Golgi Element ◽  
Mantle Edge ◽  
Extrapallial Fluid ◽  
Distal Border

Glycogen and ribonucleic acid are present in the mantle-edge during the prehatching period and in the adult. The cubocolumnar epithelium contains the largest stores of glycogen. Ribonucleic acid is most abundant in the mantle-edge gland, and the mucous and mucoprotein cells. Mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins occur within the mantle-edge epithelium, excepting the mantle-edge gland, and within the shell ground substance. Mucous glands and the sheath surrounding the organic plates are rich in sulfated mucopolysaccharides. Alkaline phosphatase and calcium could not be demonstrated during the prehatching stages. In the adult, alkaline phosphatase reactions are intense along the distal border of the cubocolumnar epithelium, and the basal borders of the epithelia of the mantle-edge gland, median lobe, and ventral lobe. Calcium carbonate occurs as spherules in the connective tissue, in the extrapallial fluid, and within the organic plates and crystalline layers of the shell. In the adult, lipids are most plentiful in the dorsal lobe epithelium and yellow body cells. Vitamin A occurs only within the cubocolumnar and yellow body cells. Cytochrome oxidase is present within the mantle-edge epithelium and, in terms of relative amounts, reflects the activity of the various lobes. Similarly, the size of the Golgi element can be correlated with the activity of the mantle-edge epithelia.

A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MANTLE-EDGE AND SHELL IN THE FRESHWATER GASTROPOD, HELISOMA DURYI EUDISCUS (PILSBRY)

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Kapur ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Dorsal Lobe ◽  
Crystalline Layer ◽  
Tissue Core ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Helisoma Duryi ◽  
Yellow Body ◽  
Mantle Edge ◽  
Calcium Crystals

The mantle-edge originates as a peripheral thickening of the evaginated shell gland. During the prehatching stages, it differentiates to form a dorsal lobe including the mantle-edge gland, a median lobe, and a ventral lobe possessing numerous mucous glands. The connective tissue core contains yellow body cells, amoebocytes, and mucoprotein glands. The protoconch is composed of fibers embedded in an amorphous ground substance. Initially it is secreted by the entire mantle-edge but, as development advances, its secretion is progressively limited to the mantle-edge gland. The adult shell is composed of the periostracum, crystalline layer, and an inner layer. The periostracum is a highly tanned layer of fibers embedded in a ground substance. The crystalline layer consists of calcium crystals, the smaller of which contain a nucleus. The inner layer is composed of organic plates which possess amoebocyte nuclei, yellow bodies and calcium granules, and which are surrounded by a thick envelope containing sulfated mucopolysaccharides. These calcium crystals and organic plates are embedded in a ground substance. It is believed that the mantle-edge gland produces the periostracum, that the dorsal lobe contributes to the inner two shell layers, and that the mucous and mucoprotein glands, yellow body cells, and amoebocytes play a significant role in the deposition and calcification of the shell.

Histochemical studies of dopa oxidase and peroxidase in the mantle-edge of the freshwater gastropod, Helisoma duryi eudiscus (Pilsbry)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Kapur ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Helisoma Duryi ◽  
Mantle Edge ◽  
Dopa Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Reaction

The mantle-edge gland produces the highly tanned, densely fibrous periostracum, and the cubocolumnar cells contribute to the deposition of the less highly tanned matrix of the inner shell layers. The mantle-edge gland gives positive reactions for dopa oxidase and peroxidase, but does not contain melanin. The cubocolumnar cells reveal a positive reaction for dopa oxidase, possess numerous melanin granules, and exhibit a negative reaction for peroxidase. It is suggested that quinones may contribute to the process of tanning and hardening of the structural proteins of the shell. The dopa oxidase reaction within the cubocolumnar cells indicates the presence of tyrosine and suggests that these cells are capable of producing quinones to color and harden the protein component of the inner shell layers. It also explains the abundance of melanin granules within these cells. Within the mantle-edge gland, it is suggested that the peroxidase inhibits the formation of melanin from dopa quinone, and peroxidase, by accentuating quinone production, may cause further hardening of the periostracum.

A histochemical study of calcium storage in the foot of the freshwater gastropod, Helisoma duryi eudiscus (Pilsbry)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Kapur ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Helisoma Duryi ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Storage

Shortly after hatching, calcium appears in the form of numerous spherules within the connective tissue of the foot of Helisoma. Concomitantly, there is a change in the histochemical demonstration of sulfated mucopolysaccharides, glycogen, and alkaline phosphatase. The sulfated mucopolysaccharide component of the mucous glands and the mucous coating of the foot increase in staining intensity. Similarly, the glycogen content of the foot epithelium and subepithelial connective tissues increases in staining intensity. Also, alkaline phosphatase first appears and exhibits an intense staining reaction within the foot epithelium. It is suggested that the coincidental appearance of these substances is related to the percutaneous absorption and storage of calcium. It is proposed that the sulfated mucopolysaccharides absorb calcium from the environment, that this calcium–mucous complex is hydrolyzed by the alkaline phosphatase, that the released calcium becomes bound to the fibers and sulfated mucopolysaccharides forming the matrix of the spherules, and that the calcium is accumulated in the form of such spherules.

The reopening process of the esophagus in the normal chick and the crookedneck dwarf mutant

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Allan L. Allenspach
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Dwarf Mutant ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase

In an earlier publication (Allenspach & Hamilton, 1962) an account was given of chick esophageal development and histogenesis up to 10 days of incubation. The esophagus becomes completely occluded at 5 days (stage 26, Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951) and reopens rapidly at 7½–8 days (stages 33–34). Detailed observations were made of the histological changes in the organs as correlated with the localization of ribonucleic acid and alkaline phosphatase. The occlusion of the developing esophagus was apparently due to collapse and adhesion of roof and floor epithelia to form a solid epithelial bar and not to cell proliferation, as stated in Lillie's Development of the Chick (Hamilton, 1952, pp. 384–5). This process was the object of further investigation in which the role of proliferation in occlusion was determined by the use of colchicine. Results indicated that cell proliferation is not involved in the closing process (Allenspach, 1964).

THE EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS RIBONUCLEIC ACID ON ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE OVARIECTOMIZED MOUSE UTERUS

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maher Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Mouse Uterus ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT RNA from tissues subjected to very high doses of 17β-oestradiol in vivo and in vitro was injected into the uteri of ovariectomized mice before and after ether washing of the RNA. Alkaline phosphatase content of the atrophied uterus was measured after the RNA injections. Results indicate that alkaline phosphatase induction is due to RNA and that ether washing completely eliminates hormonal contamination. The role played by the hormone-cytoplasm requires further attention.

A histochemical study of the developing tibiotarsus in Malathion-treated chick embryos

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1293-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ho ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Chick Embryos

Chick embryos were exposed to a teratogenic dose of Malathion at 5 days of incubation. The treated tibiotarsi developed micromelia, an asymmetrical deposition of bone spicules, and sites of reduced matrix within the cartilage model. The major histochemical differences occurred in the areas of reduced cartilage matrix. These included a reduction in sulfated mucopolysaccharide and ribonucleic acid content and an increased glycogen storage. Calcification was more extensive in the treated tissues and premature centers of mineralization appeared within the epiphyses. Alkaline phosphatase was associated with sites of ossification and calcification and was, therefore, more extensively distributed in the treated tissues.

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