Field and laboratory activity patterns of the tidepool cottid Oligocottus maculosus Girard

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Escape Response ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Tidal Rhythm ◽  
Oligocottus Maculosus

In its natural habitat, Oligocottus maculosus displayed a locomotor activity that is dependent primarily upon such factors as turbulence, temperature, and light. Under laboratory conditions this species exhibits a tidal rhythm of locomotor activity. The rhythm appears to be entrained directly by the tide and is not directly related to the daily field activity of O. maculosus. It is concluded that it represents the coupling of an avoidance or escape response to a biological clock.

Field and laboratory activity patterns in the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa domifex (Hancock)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McQueen ◽  
B. Culik
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Influence Activity

The major objectives of this study were to determine the amount of time that the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa domifex spends engaged in various types of activity in both the laboratory and field, and to test the hypothesis that these animals exhibit diel activity patterns. Seven types of activity were common. In the field, activity patterns were monitored using photocells, and in the laboratory, closed-circuit television was used. In both the field and laboratory, no statistically significant diel patterns were observed. Similar results were obtained from a single individual which was intensively studied during six time periods monitored over a 1-month period. The conclusion is that diel light patterns, sudden changes in light intensity, or endogenous rhythms do not influence activity patterns in G. domifex. The average time spent in each type of activity was (a) 3.2 min/h resting at the burrow mouth, (b) 21.3 min/h resting in the top 4 cm of the burrow, (c) 30.5 min/h below 5 cm, (d) 2.2 min/h outside the burrow, and (e) 2.8 min/h active in the top 4 cm of the burrow.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations of locomotor activity rhythms in melatonin-proficient and -deficient mice under seminatural outdoor conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joshua Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Locomotor activity patterns of laboratory mice are widely used to analyze circadian mechanisms, but most investigations have been performed under standardized laboratory conditions. Outdoors, animals are exposed to daily changes in photoperiod and other abiotic cues that might influence their circadian system. To investigate how the locomotor activity patterns under outdoor conditions compare to controlled laboratory conditions, we placed 2 laboratory mouse strains (melatonin-deficient C57Bl and melatonin-proficient C3H) in the garden of the Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie in Frankfurt am Main. The mice were kept singly in cages equipped with an infrared locomotion detector, a hiding box, nesting material, and with food and water ad libitum. The locomotor activity of each mouse was recorded for 1 year, together with data on ambient temperature, light, and humidity. Chronotype, chronotype stability, total daily activity, duration of the activity period, and daily diurnality indices were determined from the actograms. C3H mice showed clear seasonal differences in the chronotype, its stability, the total daily activity, and the duration of the activity period. These pronounced seasonal differences were not observed in the C57Bl. In both strains, the onset of the main activity period was mainly determined by the evening dusk, whereas the offset was influenced by the ambient temperature. The actograms did not reveal infra-, ultradian, or lunar rhythms or a weekday/weekend pattern. Under outdoor conditions, the 2 strains retained their nocturnal locomotor identity as observed in the laboratory. Our results indicate that the chronotype displays a seasonal plasticity that may depend on the melatoninergic system. Photoperiod and ambient temperature are the most potent abiotic entraining cues. The timing of the evening dusk mainly affects the onset of the activity period; the ambient temperature during this period influences the latter’s duration. Humidity, overall light intensities, and human activities do not affect the locomotor behavior.

Behavioural Rhythms in Littoral Prawns

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rodriguez ◽  
E. Naylor†
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Rock Pools ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Tidal Rhythm ◽  
Palaemon Elegans ◽  
Intertidal Pools

Palaemon elegans Rathke on South Wales coasts, unlike P. serratus (Pennant), does not migrate offshore in winter but stays in intertidal pools throughout the year. Both species occur in rock pools in summer, with P. elegans extending farthest up the shore and often occurring in pools above M.H.W.N. Each shows a spontaneous but short-lived tidal rhythm of locomotor activity in constant laboratory conditions, the rhythm persisting longer in isolated prawns than in groups of animals recorded together. Peak activity occurred on the ‘expected’ ebb, and light/dark changes, including those associated with tidal rise and fall, appear to be important in synchronizing the rhythm. The tidal rhythm of Palaemon elegans above M.H.W.N. quickly rephases to a semi-diurnal dusk/dark rhythm during the period of neap tides, the rhythm again becoming tidal when spring tides return. The possible significance of ebb activity is discussed.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of Locomotor Activity Rhythms in Melatonin-Proficient and -Deficient Mice under Seminatural Outdoor Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Metzger ◽  
Helmut Wicht ◽  
Horst-Werner Korf ◽  
Martina Pfeffer
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Locomotor activity patterns of laboratory mice are widely used to analyze circadian mechanisms, but most investigations have been performed under standardized laboratory conditions. Outdoors, animals are exposed to daily changes in photoperiod and other abiotic cues that might influence their circadian system. To investigate how the locomotor activity patterns under outdoor conditions compare to controlled laboratory conditions, we placed 2 laboratory mouse strains (melatonin-deficient C57Bl and melatonin-proficient C3H) in the garden of the Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie in Frankfurt am Main. The mice were kept singly in cages equipped with an infrared locomotion detector, a hiding box, nesting material, and with food and water ad libitum. The locomotor activity of each mouse was recorded for 1 year, together with data on ambient temperature, light, and humidity. Chronotype, chronotype stability, total daily activity, duration of the activity period, and daily diurnality indices were determined from the actograms. C3H mice showed clear seasonal differences in the chronotype, its stability, the total daily activity, and the duration of the activity period. These pronounced seasonal differences were not observed in the C57Bl. In both strains, the onset of the main activity period was mainly determined by the evening dusk, whereas the offset was influenced by the ambient temperature. The actograms did not reveal infra-, ultradian, or lunar rhythms or a weekday/weekend pattern. Under outdoor conditions, the 2 strains retained their nocturnal locomotor identity as observed in the laboratory. Our results indicate that the chronotype displays a seasonal plasticity that may depend on the melatoninergic system. Photoperiod and ambient temperature are the most potent abiotic entraining cues. The timing of the evening dusk mainly affects the onset of the activity period; the ambient temperature during this period influences the latter’s duration. Humidity, overall light intensities, and human activities do not affect the locomotor behavior.

Change in locomotor activity pattern in mice: a model for recognition of distress?

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jansent van't Land ◽  
C. F. M. Hendriksen
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Limited Period

Recognition and assessment of pain and distress is made by observing common clinical and behavioural signs. Observation usually occurs during a limited period of time and results can be biased by interpretation of an individual observer. To improve objective assessment of distress we studied the locomotor activity pattern of mice during a 24-h interval. As a reference compound, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was used. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with different doses FCA (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 ml) and observed for 5 to 7 days. Animals did not appear to be in pain and seemed to have a normal activity and behaviour pattern at first sight, however FCA induced a dose-dependent decrease of body weight. Open field activity (total distance run) measured during a limited period of time was not altered as a result of FCA. However, nocturnal activity was dose dependently decreased during the first 3 to 4 nights after treatment with FCA. The data presented indicate that using locomotor activity patterns over 24 h might be a useful adjunct and an objective approach to assess distress.

The C-start escape response ofPolypterus senegalus: bilateral muscle activity and variation during stage 1 and 2

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (17) ◽  
pp. 2591-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Tytell ◽  
George V. Lauder
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Escape Response ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Stage 1

SUMMARYThe fast-start escape response is the primary reflexive escape mechanism in a wide phylogenetic range of fishes. To add detail to previously reported novel muscle activity patterns during the escape response of the bichir, Polypterus, we analyzed escape kinematics and muscle activity patterns in Polypterus senegalus using high-speed video and electromyography (EMG). Five fish were filmed at 250 Hz while synchronously recording white muscle activity at five sites on both sides of the body simultaneously (10 sites in total). Body wave speed and center of mass velocity, acceleration and curvature were calculated from digitized outlines. Six EMG variables per channel were also measured to characterize the motor pattern. P. senegalus shows a wide range of activity patterns, from very strong responses, in which the head often touched the tail, to very weak responses. This variation in strength is significantly correlated with the stimulus and is mechanically driven by changes in stage 1 muscle activity duration. Besides these changes in duration, the stage 1 muscle activity is unusual because it has strong bilateral activity, although the observed contralateral activity is significantly weaker and shorter in duration than ipsilateral activity. Bilateral activity may stiffen the body, but it does so by a constant amount over the variation we observed; therefore, P. senegalus does not modulate fast-start wave speed by changing body stiffness. Escape responses almost always have stage 2 contralateral muscle activity, often only in the anterior third of the body. The magnitude of the stage 2 activity is the primary predictor of final escape velocity.

scholarly journals Locomotor activity patterns of captive East African root rats,Tachyoryctes splendens(Rodentia: Spalacidae), from Tanzania, East Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jestina Venance Katandukila ◽  
Nigel Charles Bennett ◽  
Christian Timothy Chimimba ◽  
Christoper Guy Faulkes ◽  
Maria Kathleen Oosthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
East African

Monitoring respiration and activity in the spider Geolycosa domifex (Hancock) using time-lapse television and CO2 gas analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Culik ◽  
D. J. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Vertical Activity ◽  
Burrow Activity

The activities of individual burrowing wolf spiders were continuously recorded with time-lapse television and respiration rates were simultaneously recorded. Five categories of activity and rest were differentiated and it was found that resting rates on the surface of the burrow and in the burrow were indistinguishable and similar to measures recorded in other studies. On average, in-burrow activity required 55% more energy than resting, surface activity required 220% more energy, and vertical activity (moving up the burrow) required 1780% more energy than resting. These data were analyzed with respect to the periodicity of activity patterns observed in the field and it was found that respiration rates that relate to periods of field activity are 40% higher than rates recorded for spiders assumed to be at rest.

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