Locomotor Activity Patterns and Their Relation to Hibernation in the Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrel

1966 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Pengelley ◽  
Kenneth C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Activity Patterns

scholarly journals Locomotor activity patterns of captive East African root rats,Tachyoryctes splendens(Rodentia: Spalacidae), from Tanzania, East Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jestina Venance Katandukila ◽  
Nigel Charles Bennett ◽  
Christian Timothy Chimimba ◽  
Christoper Guy Faulkes ◽  
Maria Kathleen Oosthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
East African

Diel locomotor activity patterns of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in an electronic shuttlebox

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Bachman ◽  
William W. Reynolds ◽  
Martha E. Casterlin
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

scholarly journals Effects of DCM Leaf Extract of Gnidia glauca (Fresen) on Locomotor Activity, Anxiety, and Exploration-Like Behaviors in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wycliffe Makori Arika ◽  
Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti ◽  
Joan Murugi Njagi ◽  
Mathew Piero Ngugi
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Obese Rats

Obesity is the main component of metabolic syndromes involving distinct etiologies that target different underlying behavioral and physiological functions within the brain structures and neuronal circuits. An alteration in the neuronal circuitry stemming from abdominal or central obesity stimulates a cascade of changes in neurochemical signaling that directly or indirectly mediate spontaneously emitted behaviors such as locomotor activity patterns, anxiety, and exploration. Pharmacological agents available for the treatment of neurologic disorders have been associated with limited potency and intolerable adverse effects. These have necessitated the upsurge in the utilization of herbal prescriptions due to their affordability and easy accessibility and are firmly embedded within wider belief systems of many people. Gnidia glauca has been used in the management of many ailments including obesity and associated symptomatic complications. However, its upsurge in use has not been accompanied by empirical determination of these folkloric claims. The present study, therefore, is aimed at determining the modulatory effects of dichloromethane leaf extract of Gnidia glauca on locomotor activity, exploration, and anxiety-like behaviors in high-fat diet-induced obese rats in an open-field arena. Obesity was experimentally induced by feeding the rats with prepared high-fat diet and water ad libitum for 6 weeks. The in vivo antiobesity effects were determined by oral administration of G. glauca at dosage levels of 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg body weight in high-fat diet-induced obese rats from the 6th to 12th week. Phytochemical analysis was done using gas chromatography linked to mass spectroscopy. Results indicated that Gnidia glauca showed anxiolytic effects and significantly increased spontaneous locomotor activity and exploration-like behaviors in HFD-induced obese rats. The plant extract also contained phytocompounds that have been associated with amelioration of the main neurodegenerative mediators, viz., inflammation and oxidative stress. These findings provide “qualified leads” for the synthesis of new alternative therapeutic agents for the management of neurologic disorders. However, there is a need to conduct toxicity studies of Gnidia glauca to establish its safety profiles.

Environmental Influence on Locomotor Activity in Nephrops Norvegicus (Crustacea: Decapoda)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Moller ◽  
E. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Nephrops Norvegicus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Role Of Light ◽  
Trawl Catches

Diel variations in the emergence of the burrowing prawn Nephrops norvegicus (L.) have been investigated by direct field observations (Chapman & Rice, 1971; Chapman, Johnstone & Rice, 1975; Chapman & Howard, 1979; Atkinson & Naylor, 1976), and indirectly by sequential trawling during 24 h periods (Höglund & Dybern, 1965; Simpson, 1965; Hillis, 1971; Farmer, 1974; Atkinson & Naylor, 1976; Oakley, 1979). Peak emergence appears to be related to temporal and depth-dependent variations in daylight penetration, since Nephrops are apparently nocturnal in shallow waters, crepuscular as the depth increases, and diurnal at the greatest depths of their occurrence. This lends support to the suggestion that emergence occurs at an optimum light intensity (Hillis, 1971; Chapman, Priestley & Robertson, 1972; Chapman, et al., 1975; Chapman & Howard, 1979). However, additional factors influencing emergence of Nephrops from their burrows have also to be taken in account, since laboratory studies of locomotor activity in Nephrops have consistently revealed nocturnal activity patterns in light-dark (LD) regimes, with light inhibiting locomotor activity even at extremely low irradiance levels (Arechiga & Atkinson, 1975; Atkinson & Naylor, 1973, 1976; Naylor & Atkinson, 1976). Moreover, Hammond & Naylor (1977 a) have presented qualitative evidence that the nocturnal locomotor activity peak appears to be synchronized by falling light intensity at dusk. The differences between these experimental results and emergence patterns deduced from trawl catches and underwater observations of Nephrops have not been fully resolved by studies of the role of light intensity and of gradual light transitions (Arechiga & Atkinson, 1975; Hammond & Naylor, 1977 a, b). Thus the behavioural responses of Nephrops both in the field and in the laboratory need to be assessed in relation to more accurately quantified light changes. Also, despite earlier evaluation of the problem (Atkinson & Naylor, 1976; Hammond & Naylor, 1977a) it is necessary to reconsider the possibility that the patterns of locomotor activity recorded in the laboratory are influenced by experimental conditions, as has been demonstrated for minnows (Jones, 1956), and flatfish (Verheijen & de Groot, 1967).

Seasonal changes of locomotor activity patterns in the desert isopodHemilepistus reaumuri

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Nasri-Ammar ◽  
Raja Jelassi ◽  
Anas Ayari ◽  
Elfed Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Activity Patterns

Behavioural strategies relevant to the energy economy of the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1519-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Amount and intensity of locomotor activity and time out of the nest were measured for a 1-year period on captive red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) under natural conditions. Daily and annual activity patterns and correlations between activity and meteorological variables were examined. A pronounced annual cycle, in phase with the annual temperature cycle, was found in all three aspects of activity. Daily amount of locomotor activity and time out of the nest were closely correlated with mean daily air temperature. Wind, photoperiod, and air temperature during the preceding week showed a weak but significant correlation with activity. Daily patterns of activity varied seasonally from a distinctly bimodal to a unimodal pattern, with a shift in winter to more midday activity. The relevance of these behavioural strategies to the energy economy of the red squirrel is discussed.

Control of Daily Locomotor Activity Patterns in Drosophila suzukii by the Circadian Clock, Light, Temperature and Social Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Shaw ◽  
Michelle Fountain ◽  
Herman Wijnen
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Behavioral Rhythms ◽  
The Impact

Understanding behavioral rhythms in a pest species can contribute to improving the efficacy of control methods targeting that pest. However, in some species, the behavioral patterns recorded in artificial conditions contrast greatly with observed wild-type behavioral rhythms. In this study, we identify the determinants of daily activity rhythms of the soft and stone fruit pest Drosophila suzukii. The impact of gender, space, social housing, temperature, light, fly morph, and the circadian clock on D. suzukii locomotor rhythms was investigated. Assays were performed under artificial laboratory conditions or more natural semifield conditions to identify how these factors affected daily locomotor behavior. Daily locomotor activity patterns collected under semifield conditions varied very little between the various sex and social condition combinations. However, in lab-based assays, individual and group-housed males often exhibited divergent activity patterns, with more prominent hyperactivity at light/dark transitions. In contrast, hyperactivity responses were suppressed under lab protocols mimicking summer conditions for groups of females and mixed-sex groups. Moreover, when environmental cues were removed, flies held in groups displayed stronger rhythmicity than individual flies. Thus, social interactions can reinforce circadian behavior and resist hyperactivity responses in D. suzukii. Fly morph appeared to have little impact on behavioral pattern, with winter and summer morph flies displaying similar activity profiles under April semifield and laboratory mimic environmental conditions. In conclusion, separate and combined effects of light, temperature, circadian clock function, and social interactions were apparent in the daily activity profiles of D. suzukii. When groups of female or mixed-sex flies were used, implementation of matching photoperiods and realistic daily temperature gradients in the lab was sufficient to re-create behavioral patterns observed in summer semifield settings. The ability to leverage lab assays to predict D. suzukii field behavior promises to be a valuable asset in improving control measures for this pest.

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