Phagostimulatory effects of lipids and related substances on the prairie grain wireworm, Ctenicera destructor Brown

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Response ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Single Substance ◽  
Metabolic Requirement ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids ◽  
Ctenicera Destructor

Larvae of Ctenicera destructor Brown bit spots treated with C18 unsaturated fatty acids more often than those treated with other lipids or related substances. They also bit spots treated with 5% solutions of these substances more often than those treated with 1% solutions. The relatively high response recorded for triolein-treated spots may have reflected a metabolic requirement for oleic acid. When spots were treated with mixtures of fatty acids, the larvae bit most frequently those treated with palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. These observations support the hypothesis that a phagostimulatory response by insects is not dependent upon the presence of any single substance.

Stimulation of steroidogenesis in cultured rat adrenocortical cells by unsaturated fatty acids

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. R1484-R1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sarel ◽  
E. P. Widmaier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids ◽  
Stimulation Of

The hypothesis that the stimulatory action of free fatty acids (FFA) in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis occurs in part at the adrenal cortex was evaluated. Pathophysiological concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids, but not stearic or caprylic acid, stimulated steroidogenesis from cultured rat adrenocortical cells (concentrations eliciting 50% of maximal responses, approximately 60 and 120 microM, respectively), with a latency of 90 min. Maximal stimulation of steroidogenesis by both acids was < 50% of that produced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and was blocked by cycloheximide. The maximal steroidogenic response to ACTH was inhibited approximately 50% by oleic acid. The actions of oleic and linoleic acids were not associated with an increase in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) secretion but appeared to require intracellular oxidation. None of the lipids influenced cell viability or corticosterone radioimmunoassay. The latency of the steroidogenic response, the putative requirement for intracellular oxidation, and the apparent lack of involvement of cAMP suggest a mechanism of action of FFA distinct from that of ACTH, yet still requiring protein synthesis. It is concluded that the modulation of steroidogenesis by these abundant naturally occurring lipids may be an important component of the control mechanisms within the HPA pathway in disorders of lipid homeostasis (e.g., obesity, starvation, or diabetes).

scholarly journals Inhibition of steroid 5α-reductase by specific aliphatic unsaturated fatty acids

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Liang ◽  
S Liao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Undecylenic Acid ◽  
Gamma Linolenic Acid ◽  
Enzymic Assay

Human or rat microsomal 5 alpha-reductase activity, as measured by enzymic conversion of testosterone into 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or by binding of a competitive inhibitor, [3H]17 beta-NN-diethulcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one ([3H]4-MA) to the reductase, is inhibited by low concentrations (less than 10 microM) of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The relative inhibitory potencies of unsaturated fatty acids are, in decreasing order: gamma-linolenic acid greater than cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid = cis-6,9,12,15-octatetraenoic acid = arachidonic acid = alpha-linolenic acid greater than linoleic acid greater than palmitoleic acid greater than oleic acid greater than myristoleic acid. Other unsaturated fatty acids such as undecylenic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid, are inactive. The methyl esters and alcohol analogues of these compounds, glycerols, phospholipids, saturated fatty acids, retinoids and carotenes were inactive even at 0.2 mM. The results of the binding assay and the enzymic assay correlated well except for elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid, the trans isomers of oleic acid and linoleic acid respectively, which were much less active than their cis isomers in the binding assay but were as potent in the enzymic assay. gamma-Linolenic acid had no effect on the activities of two other rat liver microsomal enzymes: NADH:menadione reductase and glucuronosyl transferase. gamma-Linolenic acid, the most potent inhibitor tested, decreased the Vmax. and increased Km values of substrates, NADPH and testosterone, and promoted dissociation of [3H]4-MA from the microsomal reductase. gamma-Linolenic acid, but not the corresponding saturated fatty acid (stearic acid), inhibited the 5 alpha-reductase activity, but not the 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity, of human prostate cancer cells in culture. These results suggest that unsaturated fatty acids may play an important role in regulating androgen action in target cells.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and fatty acid profile of gabiroba seed (Campomanesisa Xanthocarpa Berg)

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marli da Silva Santos ◽  
Obdulio Gomes Miguel ◽  
Carmen Lúcia Oliveira Petkowicz ◽  
Lys Mary Bileski Cândido
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and fatty acid profile of gabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg) seeds. In order to obtain the extract, the seeds were dried, crushed, and subjected to sequential extraction by maceration and percolation in a modified soxhlet extractor using solvent polarity gradient composed of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and alcohol, respectively. The extraction time was six hours. The ethanol extract showed the highest antioxidant potential, given by the EC50 value and the amount of total phenolic compounds. High amounts of unsaturated fatty acids were found in the oil studied, especially the oleic acid.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the production and quality of oil in Jatropha curcas L. under the dry and warm climate conditions of Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Montenegro R. ◽  
Stanislav Magnitskiy ◽  
Martha C. Henao T.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Composition

This study was conducted to assess fruit and seed yield, oil content and oil composition of Jatropha curcas fertilized with different doses of nitrogen and potassium in Espinal (Tolima, Colombia). The yields ranged from 4,570 to 8,800 kg ha-1 of fruits and from 2,430 to 4,746 kg ha-1 of seeds. These yields showed that the fertilizer dose of 150 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1K increased fruit production by 92% and seed production by 95%, which represents an increase of about 100% in oil production, which increased from 947 to 1,900 kg ha-1. The total oil content in the seeds ranged from 38.7 to 40.1% (w/w) with a high content of the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (> 47%) and linoleic acid (> 29%). The highest content of oleic acid in the seed oil was from the unfertilized control plants and plants with an application of 100 kg ha-1 of N and 60 kg ha-1 of K, with an average of 48%. The lowest content of oleic acid was registered when a low dose of nitrogen and a high level of potassium were applied at a ratio of 1:2.4 and doses of 50 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1 K, respectively. Low contents of the saturated fatty acids palmitic (13.4%) and stearic (7.26%) were obtained, making this oil suitable for biodiesel production. The nitrogen was a more important nutrient for the production and quality of oil in J. curcas than potassium under the studied conditions of soil and climate.

scholarly journals Antagonism Between Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in ROS Mediated Lipotoxicity in Rat Insulin-Producing Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Gehrmann ◽  
Wiebke Würdemann ◽  
Thomas Plötz ◽  
Anne Jörns ◽  
Sigurd Lenzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
H2o2 Formation

Background/Aims: Elevated levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are under suspicion to mediate β-cell dysfunction and β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes, a phenomenon known as lipotoxicity. Whereas saturated fatty acids show a strong cytotoxic effect upon insulin-producing cells, unsaturated fatty acids are not toxic and can even prevent toxicity. Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative stress mediates lipotoxicity and there is evidence that the subcellular site of ROS formation is the peroxisome. However, the interaction between unsaturated and saturated NEFAs in this process is unclear. Methods: Toxicity of rat insulin-producing cells after NEFA incubation was measured by MTT and caspase assays. NEFA induced H2O2 formation was quantified by organelle specific expression of the H2O2 specific fluorescence sensor protein HyPer. Results: The saturated NEFA palmitic acid had a significant toxic effect on the viability of rat insulin-producing cells. Unsaturated NEFAs with carbon chain lengths >14 showed, irrespective of the number of double bonds, a pronounced protection against palmitic acid induced toxicity. Palmitic acid induced H2O2 formation in the peroxisomes of insulin-producing cells. Oleic acid incubation led to lipid droplet formation, but in contrast to palmitic acid induced neither an ER stress response nor peroxisomal H2O2 generation. Furthermore, oleic acid prevented palmitic acid induced H2O2 production in the peroxisomes. Conclusion: Thus unsaturated NEFAs prevent deleterious hydrogen peroxide generation during peroxisomal β-oxidation of long-chain saturated NEFAs in rat insulin-producing cells.

ERUCIC ACID AND CHOLESTEROL EXCRETION IN THE RAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 981-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll ◽  
R. L. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Cholesterol Excretion ◽  
Fecal Cholesterol

Erucic acid has been found to increase the excretion of endogenously produced cholesterol in the rat with little change in the cholesterol concentration in the carcass except for increased concentrations in the adrenals and liver. The fecal cholesterol was identified by melting point and infrared spectrum after isolation by chromatography on alumina. It does not appear to originate in the liver since no increase was observed in the biliary excretion of cholesterol. Other homologues of oleic acid, namely eicosenoic and nervonic acid, produced similar changes in fecal cholesterol excretion, although oleic acid itself had little effect. A series of saturated fatty acids from butyric (C4) to behenic (C22) were tested and the longer chain members found to cause some increase in cholesterol excretion. Ester cholesterol accounted for much of the observed increases but varied greatly in the experiments with unsaturated fatty acids. A preparation of cerebrosides from beef spinal cord also increased the amount of cholesterol excreted in the feces. The fatty acid fraction from this preparation gave a similar result, although the cerebrosides gave rise mainly to free cholesterol and the fatty acid fraction to ester cholesterol.

The Toxic Effects of Fatty Acids and Their Salts on the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelgespiceae (Ratz.)

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Puritch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

Fatty acids and their potassium soaps were screened for their toxicity to different life stages and eggs of the balsam woolly aphid (Adelgespiceae (Ratz.)). The most effective fatty acids for causing aphid mortality were in two major groups, one centering around capric acid (C10) within the low-chain saturated fatty acid series and the other around oleic acid (C18:1), within the unsaturated 18-carbon fatty acids. The potassium soaps were better aphicides than the corresponding acids; the soaps of caprylic, capric, oleic, and linoleic acids were the most effective. Eggs were less sensitive to the soaps than later stages of the aphid, and there was a large variation in their response to the soap treatments. The possibility of using fatty acids and soaps as a control for the balsam woolly aphid is discussed.

scholarly journals S-acylation modulates the function of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in human cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (14) ◽  
pp. 4488-4497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Ticho ◽  
Pooja Malhotra ◽  
Christopher R. Manzella ◽  
Pradeep K. Dudeja ◽  
Seema Saksena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Bile Acid Transporter ◽  
Acid Transporter

The ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is crucial for the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. ASBT function is rapidly regulated by several posttranslational modifications. One reversible posttranslational modification is S-acylation, involving the covalent attachment of fatty acids to cysteine residues in proteins. However, whether S-acylation affects ASBT function and membrane expression has not been determined. Using the acyl resin-assisted capture method, we found that the majority of ASBT (∼80%) was S-acylated in ileal brush border membrane vesicles from human organ donors, as well as in HEK293 cells stably transfected with ASBT (2BT cells). Metabolic labeling with alkyne–palmitic acid (100 μm for 15 h) also showed that ASBT is S-acylated in 2BT cells. Incubation with the acyltransferase inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate (25 μm for 15 h) significantly reduced ASBT S-acylation, function, and levels on the plasma membrane. Treatment of 2BT cells with saturated palmitic acid (100 μm for 15 h) increased ASBT function, whereas treatment with unsaturated oleic acid significantly reduced ASBT function. Metabolic labeling with alkyne–oleic acid (100 μm for 15 h) revealed that oleic acid attaches to ASBT, suggesting that unsaturated fatty acids may decrease ASBT's function via a direct covalent interaction with ASBT. We also identified Cys-314 as a potential S-acylation site. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that S-acylation is involved in the modulation of ASBT function. These findings underscore the potential for unsaturated fatty acids to reduce ASBT function, which may be useful in disorders in which bile acid toxicity is implicated.

scholarly journals Primary metabolism components of seeds from Brazilian Amazon tree species

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Francisco de C. Gonçalves ◽  
Andreia V. Fernandes ◽  
Antonio Fernando M. Oliveira ◽  
Lílian F. Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo A. Marenco
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The contents of the main components of the primary metabolism (soluble sugars, starch, proteins, oils, fatty acids) and minerals (P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) were characterized in seeds of five Brazilian Amazon tree species (Andira parviflora, Bertholletia excelsa, Helicostylis tomentosa, Hymenaea parviflora, and Parkia pendula). Soluble sugar contents were high in P. pendula seeds (14 %), whereas starch predominated in A. parviflora seeds (58.7 %). A. parviflora and H. parviflora seeds were rich in proteins (35.1 % and 32.4 %, respectively). The oil contents ranged from 1.4 % in A. parviflora to 70.7 % in B. excelsa. Only B. excelsa and P. pendula seeds may be considered oilseeds, with 70.7 % and 28.4 % oil, respectively. The fatty acid compositions showed high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic and linoleic acids, regardless of the species. B. excelsa and P. pendula also showed high amounts of P, Mg, K and Zn.

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