scholarly journals Antagonism Between Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in ROS Mediated Lipotoxicity in Rat Insulin-Producing Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Gehrmann ◽  
Wiebke Würdemann ◽  
Thomas Plötz ◽  
Anne Jörns ◽  
Sigurd Lenzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
H2o2 Formation

Background/Aims: Elevated levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are under suspicion to mediate β-cell dysfunction and β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes, a phenomenon known as lipotoxicity. Whereas saturated fatty acids show a strong cytotoxic effect upon insulin-producing cells, unsaturated fatty acids are not toxic and can even prevent toxicity. Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative stress mediates lipotoxicity and there is evidence that the subcellular site of ROS formation is the peroxisome. However, the interaction between unsaturated and saturated NEFAs in this process is unclear. Methods: Toxicity of rat insulin-producing cells after NEFA incubation was measured by MTT and caspase assays. NEFA induced H2O2 formation was quantified by organelle specific expression of the H2O2 specific fluorescence sensor protein HyPer. Results: The saturated NEFA palmitic acid had a significant toxic effect on the viability of rat insulin-producing cells. Unsaturated NEFAs with carbon chain lengths >14 showed, irrespective of the number of double bonds, a pronounced protection against palmitic acid induced toxicity. Palmitic acid induced H2O2 formation in the peroxisomes of insulin-producing cells. Oleic acid incubation led to lipid droplet formation, but in contrast to palmitic acid induced neither an ER stress response nor peroxisomal H2O2 generation. Furthermore, oleic acid prevented palmitic acid induced H2O2 production in the peroxisomes. Conclusion: Thus unsaturated NEFAs prevent deleterious hydrogen peroxide generation during peroxisomal β-oxidation of long-chain saturated NEFAs in rat insulin-producing cells.

scholarly journals Identification of Organic Constituents in Cooking Oil by Adding Turmeric as a Potential Antioxidant Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 8904-8914
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Turmeric Extract

The objective of this study to compare the fatty acids composition in cooking oil from repeated frying without added turmeric extract and added. The research design is testing the composition of fatty acids in repeated cooking oil using two types of treatment, namely cooking oil from frying without adding turmeric extract and cooking oil from frying with 0.03% turmeric extract added with 10 times frying repeat because it is suspected that repeated frying will increase the composition of fatty acids in cooking oil. The analysis of fatty acids was conducted using gas chromatography. Based on these results that the fatty acid components were produced of saturated fatty acids, namely lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, whereas unsaturated fatty acids also detected such as elaidic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, cis-11-eicosadienoic acid, linolenic acid, and cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid. The highest saturated fatty acid content in cooking oil before frying is palmitic acid (30.88%), whereas unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (35.86%). The highest content of saturated fatty acids in cooking oil has been added turmeric extract before frying is palmitic acid (28.5%), while unsaturated fatty acid of oleic acid was 32.97%.

Characteristics of Crude Palm Oil Produced in Hainan

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Gong ◽  
Gan Ran Deng ◽  
Jian Hua Cao ◽  
Guo Jie Li ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Crude palm oil (CPO) was extracted from fresh fruit bunches of RYL7 oil palm cultivated in Hainan by using a self-made single stage screw press. The physicochemical characteristics and Fatty acid composition of the CPO was investigated. The experimental results included melting point (33.10 °C), density (0.91 g/cm3 at 20 °C), acid value (8.35 mg KOH/g), iodine value (62.72 mg iodine/g), saponifiable value (198.02 mg KOH/g), moisture and volatile matter (0.16% of total lipids), insoluble impurities (0.04% of total lipids), unsaponifiable matter (0.40% of total lipids). Oleic acid (40.90% of total fatty acids), palmitic acid (37.88% of total fatty acids), linoleic (14.29% of total fatty acids), followed by stearic acid (5.11% of total fatty acids) were found to be the predominant fatty acids in the oil. The unsaturated oleic acid was the most predominant fatty acid in CPO of Hainan while saturated palmitic acid was the most principal fatty acid in palm oil from Malaysia. The contents of linolenic, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in this CPO were 4.09%, 5.09%, 4.09% higher than that of Malaysia, respectively. In addition, the percentages of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids of this oil were 5.62%, 6.01% lower than that of Malaysia, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the production and quality of oil in Jatropha curcas L. under the dry and warm climate conditions of Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Montenegro R. ◽  
Stanislav Magnitskiy ◽  
Martha C. Henao T.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Composition

This study was conducted to assess fruit and seed yield, oil content and oil composition of Jatropha curcas fertilized with different doses of nitrogen and potassium in Espinal (Tolima, Colombia). The yields ranged from 4,570 to 8,800 kg ha-1 of fruits and from 2,430 to 4,746 kg ha-1 of seeds. These yields showed that the fertilizer dose of 150 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1K increased fruit production by 92% and seed production by 95%, which represents an increase of about 100% in oil production, which increased from 947 to 1,900 kg ha-1. The total oil content in the seeds ranged from 38.7 to 40.1% (w/w) with a high content of the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (> 47%) and linoleic acid (> 29%). The highest content of oleic acid in the seed oil was from the unfertilized control plants and plants with an application of 100 kg ha-1 of N and 60 kg ha-1 of K, with an average of 48%. The lowest content of oleic acid was registered when a low dose of nitrogen and a high level of potassium were applied at a ratio of 1:2.4 and doses of 50 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1 K, respectively. Low contents of the saturated fatty acids palmitic (13.4%) and stearic (7.26%) were obtained, making this oil suitable for biodiesel production. The nitrogen was a more important nutrient for the production and quality of oil in J. curcas than potassium under the studied conditions of soil and climate.

scholarly journals S-acylation modulates the function of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in human cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (14) ◽  
pp. 4488-4497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Ticho ◽  
Pooja Malhotra ◽  
Christopher R. Manzella ◽  
Pradeep K. Dudeja ◽  
Seema Saksena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Bile Acid Transporter ◽  
Acid Transporter

The ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is crucial for the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. ASBT function is rapidly regulated by several posttranslational modifications. One reversible posttranslational modification is S-acylation, involving the covalent attachment of fatty acids to cysteine residues in proteins. However, whether S-acylation affects ASBT function and membrane expression has not been determined. Using the acyl resin-assisted capture method, we found that the majority of ASBT (∼80%) was S-acylated in ileal brush border membrane vesicles from human organ donors, as well as in HEK293 cells stably transfected with ASBT (2BT cells). Metabolic labeling with alkyne–palmitic acid (100 μm for 15 h) also showed that ASBT is S-acylated in 2BT cells. Incubation with the acyltransferase inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate (25 μm for 15 h) significantly reduced ASBT S-acylation, function, and levels on the plasma membrane. Treatment of 2BT cells with saturated palmitic acid (100 μm for 15 h) increased ASBT function, whereas treatment with unsaturated oleic acid significantly reduced ASBT function. Metabolic labeling with alkyne–oleic acid (100 μm for 15 h) revealed that oleic acid attaches to ASBT, suggesting that unsaturated fatty acids may decrease ASBT's function via a direct covalent interaction with ASBT. We also identified Cys-314 as a potential S-acylation site. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that S-acylation is involved in the modulation of ASBT function. These findings underscore the potential for unsaturated fatty acids to reduce ASBT function, which may be useful in disorders in which bile acid toxicity is implicated.

scholarly journals Metabolic fate of oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid in cultured hamster hepatocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. BRUCE ◽  
Andrew M. SALTER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Cellular Phospholipid

Unlike other saturated fatty acids, dietary stearic acid does not appear to raise plasma cholesterol. The reason for this remains to be established, although it appears that it must be related to inherent differences in the metabolism of the fatty acid. In the present study, we have looked at the metabolism of palmitic acid and stearic acid, in comparison with oleic acid, by cultured hamster hepatocytes. Stearic acid was taken up more slowly and was poorly incorporated into both cellular and secreted triacylglycerol. Despite this, stearic acid stimulated the synthesis and secretion of triacylglycerol to the same extent as the other fatty acids. Incorporation into cellular phospholipid was lower for oleic acid than for palmitic acid and stearic acid. Desaturation of stearic acid, to monounsaturated fatty acid, was found to be greater than that of palmitic acid. Oleic acid produced from stearic acid was incorporated into both triacylglycerol and phospholipid, representing 13% and 6% respectively of the total after a 4 h incubation. Significant proportions of all of the fatty acids were oxidized, primarily to form ketone bodies, but by 8 h more oleic acid had been oxidized compared with palmitic acid and stearic acid.

EFFECTS OF SATURATED FAT IN RATS FED RAPESEED OIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
B. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Similar Content

The effects of increasing the saturated fatty acids in a dietary vegetable oil composed mostly of unsaturated fatty acids were studied in rats. A mixture of palm oil and Swedish rapeseed oil fed for 4 weeks as 20% of a purified diet promoted weight gains which exceeded those obtained with Polish rapeseed oil of a similar content of erucic acid, and altered the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the tissues to reflect that of the diet. When methyl esters of saturated fatty acids were added to Swedish rapeseed oil, similar effects on weight gain were not observed, but methyl esters of fatty acids from corn oil and rapeseed oil were shown to be of less nutritional value than the original glycerides. From fatty acids of olive oil, glycerides containing 3% palmitic acid were prepared, and produced weight gains which did not differ significantly from those of rats fed Polish rapeseed oil with a similar content of palmitic acid and 20% erucic acid. The characteristic effects of rapeseed oil are, therefore, attributed to its low content of saturated fatty acids as well as its high content of erucic acid.

scholarly journals Effect of diethylstilboestrol on adipose-tissue lipids

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Sink ◽  
CK Huston ◽  
JW Shigley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tissue Lipids

1. The effect of diethylstilboestrol on the fatty acid composition of adipose-tissue lipids of the ox (Bos taurus) was studied. 2. The capsula adiposa (perirenal) was shown to contain more total saturated fatty acids, whereas more total unsaturated fatty acids were found in the panniculus adiposus (subcutaneous). 3. Significantly more stearic acid and linolenic acid were obtained from the capsula adiposa, whereas the panniculus adiposus contained more myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. 4. Implanting diethylstilboestrol significantly increased the deposition of the saturated fatty acids, particularly stearic acid. 5. A decrease in the deposition of total unsaturated fatty acids, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid can also be attributed to the diethylstilboestrol treatment.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids and Frailty: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3539
Author(s):  
Yasutake Tomata ◽  
Yunzhang Wang ◽  
Sara Hägg ◽  
Juulia Jylhävä
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

Background: Observational studies have suggested that fatty acids such as higher levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may prevent frailty. By using Mendelian randomization analysis, we examined the relationship between fatty acids and frailty. Methods: We used summary statistics data for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma levels of saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (palmitoleic acid, oleic acid), n-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), and n-3 PUFAs (alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid), and the corresponding data for frailty index (FI) in 356,432 individuals in the UK Biobank. Results: Although there were no robust associations on the MUFAs or the PUFAs, genetically predicted higher plasma stearic acid level (one of saturated fatty acids) was statistically significantly associated with higher FI (β = 0.178; 95% confidence interval = −0.050 to 0.307; p = 0.007). Such a relationship was also observed in a multivariate MR (β = 0.361; 95% confidence interval = 0.155 to 0.567; p = 0.001). Genetically predicted higher palmitic acid was also significantly associated with higher FI (β = 0.288; 95% confidence interval = 0.128 to 0.447; p < 0.001) in the multivariate MR analysis. Conclusions: The present MR study implies that saturated fatty acids, especially stearic acid, is a risk factor of frailty.

scholarly journals Changes of the fatty acid composition of sprouts during germination

2010 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Melinda-Rita Márton ◽  
Sándor Szép ◽  
Zsolt Mándoki ◽  
Melinda Tamás ◽  
Salamon Rozália Veronika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content

During our research we studied the fat content and fatty acid composition during the germination and sprouting periods of the most important sprouts: wheat, lentil, alfalfa, radish and sunflower seed. In this article we present our research results during this sprouting study. The concentration of the saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid) decreased, the concentration of the unsaturated fatty acids increased during germination, but the tendency was not so high than was published in the literature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document