GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRAIRIE GRAIN WIREWORM CTENICERA DESTRUCTOR BROWN (COLEOPTERA:ELATERIDAE), ON SYNTHETIC DIETS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Tea Leaf ◽  
Ctenicera Destructor

Larvae of Ctenicera destructor were fed nine synthetic diets for 6 months at 68 ± 2 °F and 75% relative humidity. Seven of the nine diets were based on a diet developed for larvae of Heliothis sp. It was modified by adding putrescine or spermidine, or both; hot-water or 70% ethanol extract of tea leaves; residue from hot-water extraction of tea leaves; or hot-water extract of germinating rye seed. Two chemically defined diets based on a previously reported amino acid analysis of this wireworm were also formulated: one contained hot-water extract of germinating rye seed.More larvae survived on a diet supplemented with putrescine and spermidine, on one supplemented with hot-water or with ethanol extract of tea leaves, and on the unsupplemented chemically defined diet than on the other diets. They more than doubled their weight on a diet supplemented with putrescine and spermidine. Growth factors for C. destructor present in tea-leaf extracts and residue probably differ from those for Adoxophyes orana. Inhibitory and growth-promoting factors for C. destructor are apparently present in hot-water extract of germinating rye seed. Putrescine or spermidine, or both, or some related metabolic product, may be necessary for growth and development of C. destructor. Frequency of molting was not always indicative of dietary efficiency.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Comparison of the Water and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of the Cree medicinal plant, Sarracenia purpurea L. (Sarraceniaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cieniak ◽  
Brendan Walshe-Roussel ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Asim Muhammad ◽  
Ammar Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Phenolic Substances

Purpose: The Cree of Eeyou Istchee in Northern Quebec identified Sarracenia purpurea L. as an important plant for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Traditionally the plant is used as a decoction (boiling water extract) of the leaf, however, in order to study the extract in a laboratory setting, an 80% ethanol extract was used. In this study, the phytochemistry of both extracts of the leaves was compared and quantified. Methods: Two S. purpurea leaf extracts were prepared, one a traditional hot water extract and the other an 80% ethanol extract. Using UPLC-ESI-MS, the extracts were phytochemically compared for 2 triterpenes, betulinic acid and ursolic acid, using one gradient method and for 10 additional substances, including the actives quercetin-3-O-galactoside and morroniside, using a different method. Results: The concentrations of the nine phenolic substances present, as well as an active principle, the iridoid glycoside morroniside, were very similar between the two extracts, with generally slightly higher concentrations of phenolics in the ethanol extract as expected. However, two triterpenes, betulinic acid and ursolic acid, were 107 and 93 times more concentrated, respectively, in the ethanol extract compared to the water extract. Conclusion: The main phytochemical markers and most importantly the antidiabetic active principles, quercetin-3-O-galactoside and morroniside, were present in similar amounts in the two extracts, which predicts similar bioactivity.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Aloe vera (Linn) and Aloe schweinfurthii (Baker) Powdered Leaf Extracts in the Control of Some Plant Fungal Pathogens

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. O. Alejo ◽  
A. M. Ajayi ◽  
B. O. Akinyele
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hot Water Extract

Evaluation of the relative efficacy of powdered leaf extracts of Aloe vera (Linn) and Aloe schweinfurthii (Baker) in the control of some plant pathogens was undertaken in this work. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts obtained using cold water, hot water and ethanol were tested against four fungal spp., namely, Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Trichophyton rubrum. The phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts of the two aloe species revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phytates and oxalates. The extracts were observed to exhibit varying inhibitory effects on the selected fungi. Ethanolic extract of A. vera at 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml had the greatest impact on A. solani and C. lindemuthianum respectively. Similarly, cold water extract of A. schweinfurthii at 100 mg/ml was the most effective against S. rolfsii and T. rubrum. However, hot water extract of A. vera was least effective against C. lindemuthianum. Also, the efficacy of cold water extract of A. schweinfurthii at 50 mg/ml was very low against T. rubrum and A. solani. The hot water extract of A. schweinfurthii at 20 mg/ml also showed the least effect against S. rolfsii. Consequently, extracts from both Aloe species can be recommended in the management of the four fungal pathogens evaluated in this study. It is hoped that in no distant future, botanical fungicides would be developed from the two Aloe species.

Effect of various fractions of the hot-water extract of germinating rye seed in eliciting biting by larvae of the prairie grain wireworm, Ctenicera destructor Brown

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Carbohydrate Fraction ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance ◽  
Ctenicera Destructor

Factors in the hot-water extract of germinating rye seed, which elicit biting responses from larvae of Ctenicera destructor Brown, occurred both in the amino acid fraction and in the carbohydrate fraction of this extract. Factors in the carbohydrate fraction responsible for adding to the activity of the amino acid fraction, when both were recombined, were probably fructose, glucose, and sucrose, although chromatographic separation may have eliminated feeding deterrents. Hot-water extracts of 8-day-old and 11-day-old seedlings of the same rye were considerably less active than that of germinating seed. Plant age differences were suggested to influence the susceptibility and resistance of plants and plant-growth stages to wireworm attack.

Physiological Activities of the Hot Water Extract from Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 977-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo-Seok Jeong ◽  
Hee-Kyoung Jung ◽  
Kwang-Sup Youn ◽  
Myoung-Ok Kim ◽  
Joo-Heon Hong
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Hot Water Extract

Suppressive effect of hot water extract of wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum.) leaves on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Ogawa ◽  
Hiromasa Tabata ◽  
Takuya Katsube ◽  
Yukari Ohta ◽  
Yukikazu Yamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Wasabia Japonica ◽  
Hot Water Extract
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