BEHAVIOR AND CYCLIC ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH PUPATION OF PHYTOMYZA LANATI SPENCER (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice J. Tauber ◽  
Catherine A. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Mature Larva ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Heracleum Lanatum ◽  
Made In

Phytomyza lanati Spencer is a leaf-miner on Heracleum lanatum Michx. The pupating larva abandons the host via a cut nearly always made in the lower (adaxial) surface of the leaf. Experiments show that the direction of the cut is not determined by the direction of the light source or the orientation of the leaf, but results from conditions within the leaf itself. The possible adaptive significance of this internal leaf cue is that it serves as a sure guide to a direct exit out of the leaf.The mature larva exits from the leaf and drops to the ground during a narrowly defined period near dawn. The phase of emergence was shifted by reversing the photoperiod. There was a consistent time interval between sunset and emergence under different photoperiods, whereas no such consistent relationship was found between dawn and emergence. The data were recorded by a self-operating collecting device.The time-of-emergence cue may be the result of some change that occurs within the larva, or it may result from a rhythmic process within the leaf which reaches a critical level approximately 8 hours after sunset.

scholarly journals Discussion on Relativity of Time Interval in the Theory of Relativity

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Zhonggang Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Principle Of Relativity

Einstein's principle of relativity is an important fundamental of relativity. It can also be said that relativity is based on the assumption of the principle of relativity. This assumption can be represented by a diagram of "relativity of time interval", as shown in Fig.  a . According to the theory of relativity, a flash emits from the light source in the moving car and returns to the light source after being reflected by the mirror on the roof. The person in the train thinks that the flash returns to the light source along a vertical line, and the person off the train thinks that the flash returns to the light source along the AMB  curve. The time taken in the two routes is inconsistent. In fact, it is a preconception. Einstein believes that the flash will undoubtedly return to the light source, which is a matter of course and need not be discussed. Therefore, he did not think more and immediately carried out the next research on the time taken inside and outside the train. Here's where the problem arose. Is there an experimental evidence? If the flash does return to the light source, then the next analysis carried out by Einstein is correct and impeccable. However, if the flash does not return to the light source, then Einstein's next analysis and the whole theory of relativity make no sense.

ROLE OF THE THYROID GLAND IN REGULATION OF METABOLIC RATE IN AN AIR-BREATHING SILUROID FISH, HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS (BLOCH)

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. PANDEY ◽  
J. S. D. MUNSHI
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY Studies on cyclic activity of the thyroid and seasonal variations in oxygen consumption (V̇o2) under experimental conditions in which surfacing was either allowed or prevented were made in H. fossilis to try to establish a relationship between these measures and to ascertain the possible role of the thyroid in the regulation of metabolic rate. A good correlation was found between the activity of the thyroid and V̇o2 in this species. This finding was further confirmed by the administration of l-thyroxine or thiouracil to this fish. The thyroxine-and thiouracil-treated animals showed significantly higher (P < 0·05) and lower (P < 0·01) rates of V̇o2 respectively, thus indicating the probable role of the thyroid in the regulation of metabolic rate.

scholarly journals In Situ Image Acquisition and Measurement of Microdroplets Based on Delay Triggering

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Chang ◽  
Kang Zheng ◽  
Dan Xie ◽  
Xiayun Shu ◽  
Keyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Relative Standard

An in situ image acquisition apparatus based on delay triggering for visualizing microdroplets formation is described. The imaging system includes a charge-coupled device camera, a motion control card, a driving circuit, a time delay triggering circuit, and a light source. By adjusting the varying trigger delay time which is synchronized with respect to the signal for jetting, the steady sequential images of the droplet flying in free space can be captured real-time by the system. Several image processing steps are taken to measure the diameters and coordinates of the droplets. Also, the jetting speeds can be calculated according to the delay time interval. For glycerin/water (60:40, mass ratio), under the given conditions of the self-made pneumatically diaphragm-driven drop-on-demand inkjet apparatus, the average of diameter and volume are measured as 266.8 μm and 9944 pL, respectively, and the maximum average velocity of the microdroplets is 0.689 m/s. Finally, the imaging system is applied to measure the volume of 200 microsolder balls generated from the inkjet apparatus. The average diameter is 87.96 μm, and the relative standard deviation is 0.83%. The results show good reproducibility. Unlike previous stroboscopic techniques, the present in situ imaging system which is absence of instantaneous high intensity light employs two control signals to stimulate the microdroplet generator and the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Hence, the system can avoid the desynchronization problem of signals which control the strobe light-emitting diode (LED) light source and the camera in previous equipment. This technology is a reliable and cost-effective approach for capturing and measuring microdroplets.

scholarly journals Multiple flux rope events at the magnetopause observations by TC-1 on 18 March 2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2897-2901 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Xiao ◽  
Z. Y. Pu ◽  
Y. Wei ◽  
Z. X. Liu ◽  
C. M. Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flux Rope ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Guide Field ◽  
Flux Ropes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Made In

Abstract. From 23:10 to 23:50 UT on 18 March 2004, the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft detected eight flux ropes at the outbound crossing of the southern dawnside magnetopause. A notable guide field existed inside all ropes. In the mean time the Cluster spacecraft were staying in the magnetosheath and found that the events occurred under the condition of southward IMF Bz and dominant negative IMF By. There are six ropes that appeared quasi-periodically, with a repeated period being approximately 1-4 min. The last flux rope lasts for a longer time interval with a larger peak in the BN variations; it can thus be referred to as a typical FTE. The 18 March 2004 event is quite similar to the multiple flux rope event observed by Cluster on 26 January 2001 at the northern duskside high-latitude magnetopause. A detailed comparison of these two events is made in the paper. Preliminary studies imply that both of these multiple flux ropes events seem to be produced by component reconnection at the dayside low-latitude magnetopause.

Background for Revision of DNV-RP-C203 Fatigue Analysis of Offshore Steel Structure

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Lotsberg
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fatigue Design ◽  
The World ◽  
New Research ◽  
Made In

The last revision of the DNV recommended practice “Fatigue Analysis of Offshore Steel Structures” is from October 2001. During use of this standard some feed back from designers around the world have been received. Also some new research in the area has been performed in the time interval from it was first developed. It is also realised that the document is being used for fatigue design of some other types of details and structures than was thought of when the document was originally developed. Therefore it was now found convenient to revise the document to incorporate the experience gained and new research and developments made in the area of fatigue of offshore structures the last 7 years since the main content for this recommended practice was developed.

Extensions in the Spark Spectra of Tl III and Pb IV

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (17) ◽  
pp. 1823-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gutmann ◽  
A. M. Crooker
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Electrodeless Discharge ◽  
Atomic Spectra ◽  
Line List ◽  
Made In

The atomic spectra of thallium were excited and photographed in the spectral region between 340 and 9000 Å using as light sources both an electrodeless discharge and a spark-in-helium.The line list of lead previously obtained in this laboratory was supplemented, in the 340 to 1000 Å region, using a spark-in-helium light source to provide excitation data.The 5d10nl series, l = 0 to l = 5, have been extended in Tl III, while the 5d10 6f and 5d10 7f terms have been found in Pb IV. Minor adjustments and additions have been made in the 5d9 6s6p configuration of Tl III and Pb IV. The 5d9 6s7s configuration was established in Tl III and Pb IV. The [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] energy levels belonging to the 5d9 6s6d configuration have been found in Tl III and Pb IV. Energy levels in Tl III and Pb IV, with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], have been assigned to the 5d9 6p2 configuration, and a number of levels belonging to the 5d9 6s7p configuration in Tl III have been established. The number of classified lines in Tl III is 495, while in Pb IV, 367 lines now appear in the classified line list. The 5d101S0 ionizational potentials of Tl III and Pb IV are respectively 240 773 ± 5 cm−1 and 341 438 ± 5 cm−1.

scholarly journals Cornea Procurement and Processing up to 72 Hours: No Risk for Cornea Transplant Quality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nicola Hofmann ◽  
Ilka Wittmershaus ◽  
Anna-Katharina Salz ◽  
Martin Börgel
Keyword(s):  
German Society ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Quality ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cardiovascular Arrest ◽  
Made In

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The realization of tissue donations is bound to a tight timeframe. Depending on the type of tissue, time limits are specified within which the donation must be procured and processed. Otherwise, there is a risk of tissue quality loss with increasing time intervals from cardiovascular arrest. According to the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare (EDQM) guide, cornea must be procured and processed within 72 h after death. The question arises whether this time interval has an influence on the quality of transplanted tissues and how it affects the accomplishment of tissue donations. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In order to obtain information on this, the numbers of tissue donations in the network of the German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG) were evaluated as a function of the death to retrieval time (DRT) as well as the death to preservation time (DPT). For this purpose, 21,454 database entries of cornea donations made in the period from 2014 to 2018 were included. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results show that nearly 50% of donations realized in the DGFG network could be processed only 48 h or later after cardiovascular death due to the opt-in regulation in Germany. For these donations, there seems to be a higher discard rate compared to donations taken earlier. Nevertheless, there is a transplantation rate for these grafts of more than 65%, which is comparable to average transplantation rates stated in the literature. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> All corneas finally selected for transplantation must meet the specified quality parameters. Since this naturally also applies to transplants that could only be procured at later time points, it can be concluded that DPT up to 72 h for corneal tissue is adequate and has no influence on the quality of corneas that are ultimately transplanted.

Postemergence Winter Weed Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Made In

Several herbicides were applied in January, February, and March with a comparison of the intervals of treatment of 2 and 4 weeks after the initial treatment each month for postemergence control of winter annual weeds in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] turf. Glyphosphate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] treatments applied at 2-week intervals with the initial treatment made in January or February controlled a higher percentage of annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) than when applied in March. Hop clover (Trifolium agrariumL.) control was also higher when glyphosate was initially applied in January or February than when applied in March regardless of time interval between first and second treatment. Combination treatments of (a) 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] + dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) and (b) 2,4-D + mecoprop {2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] propionic acid} + dicamba applied at 2-week intervals with the initial treatment made in January or February controlled more corn speedwell (Veronica arvensisL.) and hop clover than when applied in March. Highest henbit (Lamium amplexicauleL.) control was obtained from the combination 2,4-D treatments made at 4-week intervals when initial treatment was made in February and March. Weed control was not influenced by dates and interval of repeated treatments with either paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) or atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] treatments. Germination and regrowth of weeds were greater in plots treated with glyphosate and paraquat initially in January or February than other herbicide-treated plots. Weeds were not reestablished in any of the atrazine-treated plots. Paraquat and combinations of 2,4-D + dicamba or 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba injured bermudagrass when applied initially in January and February even though they were applied to turf that appeared dormant. All herbicides injured bermudagrass more when applied to semi-dormant turf in March than to dormant turf in January or February. Atrazine affected bermudagrass less than any of the other herbicides tested when initial treatment was applied in March to semi-dormant turf.

scholarly journals Some details and effects of the premeiotic controls of recombination frequencies in Neurospora crossa

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Opposite Mating Type ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Single Constant ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYRecombination data from crosses made at a single constant temperature of incubation were compared with those from crosses transferred to a different temperature at either the time of conidiation of protoperithecia by the strain of opposite mating-type, or after fertilization when crozier stages were first visible. Results were also compared from reciprocal crosses, from crosses made in different ways and from crosses in which protoperithecia were conidiated at different stages of maturity.Different temperature regimes during vegetative growth and proto-perithecial development had highly significant effects on subsequent meiotic recombination, while temperature differences during later premeiotic stages (between conidiation of protoperithecia and the crozier stage) had no or little effect. It was found that premeiotic controls could have as great, or greater, effects on meiotic recombination than those operating directly during meiosis. The possible adaptive significance of this is discussed.Recombination frequencies were affected by the method of making a cross (joint-inoculation of strains of opposite mating-type, or conidiation of protoperithecia), and by protoperithecial age at the time of conidiation by the opposite mating-type. Differences in recombination between reciprocal crosses were obtained and were dependent on temperature of incubation and age of protoperithecia at the time of conidiation. Recombination was not affected by different lysine concentrations in the medium. Genetic differences in premeiotic effector-production between the strains used were inferred.

ENDOCRINE MORBIDITY IN ADULTS TREATED WITH CEREBRAL IRRADIATION FOR BRAIN TUMOURS DURING CHILDHOOD

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Shalet ◽  
C. G. Beardwell ◽  
I. A. MacFarlane ◽  
P. H. Morris Jones ◽  
D. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis ◽  
Cerebral Irradiation

ABSTRACT Hypothalamic-pituitary function was assessed in 20 adult subjects who were treated with cerebral irradiation for brain tumours during childhood between 8 and 32 years earlier. Nine patients showed impaired growth hormone (GH) responses to hypoglycaemia, of whom, 7 are below the third centile for standing height. All GH deficient subjects received more than 2950 rads to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis with a maximum dose of approximately 5000 rads being used in one case. Three subjects have an elevated basal serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and 2 of these show an exaggerated TSH response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) but no patient was clinically or biochemically hypothyroid. The rest of hypothalamic-pituitary function was essentially normal. This study shows that multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies do not develop with time when the radiation dose is below a critical level. Thus it appears that there is a gradation of radiation damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis which is dependent primarily on the dose received rather than the time interval after radiotherapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document