ORGAN WEIGHT – BODY WEIGHT RELATIONS IN THE FAMILY MUSTELIDAE: THE MINK (MUSTELA VISON)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wood ◽  
I. McT. Cowan ◽  
M. J. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mustela Vison ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
The Family ◽  
Independent Variable

The relation between certain of the organs and the body weight of ranch raised mink has been examined. The lethal agent used for killing the mink is shown to affect the relative weights of the organs studied. The unsuitability of body weight as an independent variable against which to express organ weights is discussed and it is suggested that heart weight may be a more useful base.

scholarly journals ORGAN WORK AND ORGAN WEIGHT

1939 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Walter ◽  
T. Addis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Rate Of Growth

1. The ratios between the rates of growth of the body and of the heart, kidneys, and liver are approximately uniform between 40 gm. body weight and the body weight at maturity in the albino rat. The male and female hearts grow at 0.75 times the rate of growth of the body, the male kidneys at 0.717 times, the female kidneys at 0.648 times, and the liver at 0.838 times the rate of growth of the body as a whole. 2. Formulas for the prediction of organ weight from body weight were derived from the data on 1591 albino rats kept under constant conditions. 3. A series of experiments in which dietetic and metabolic variables were introduced into otherwise constant conditions showed that the heart weight was not affected by diet, and that both kidney weight and weight of liver protein (used as a measure of effective liver size) varied in the direction of change in the protein content of the diet. Decrease in rate of metabolism induced by thyroidectomy and increase in metabolism following the administration of thyroxin led to a corresponding fall and rise of heart, kidney, and liver protein weight. These results were confirmed in experiments on fasted rats with the exception that under these conditions thyroidectomy did not appreciably decrease liver protein weight relatively to fasted controls. Increase in organ metabolism due to dinitrophenol had no effect on organ weight. 4. When experimental changes alter the composition of the body with respect to fat or water, the comparison of experimental and control organ weights in terms of any one function of body weight is fallacious. 5. Conditions that change kidney weight usually change liver protein weight in the same direction and roughly to the same degree. The possible meaning of two exceptions to this rule is discussed. 6. The observations made are regarded as supporting the hypothesis that, after weaning, change in the weight of the heart, kidney, and liver protein is determined mainly by change in the amount of work done by these organs.

scholarly journals KARATERISTIK ORGAN BAGIAN DALAM AYAM BURAS YANG DIBERI PAKAN MINYAK KELAPA (Cocos nucifera) DALAM RANSUM

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Jein Rinny Leke ◽  
F.N. Sompie ◽  
E. Wantasen ◽  
T. Widyastuti ◽  
E.H.B. Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Pancreas Weight

INTERNAL ORGANS CHAR ACTERISTICS OF NATIVE CHICKEN FED BY COCONUT OIL (Cocos nucifera) ON DIET. The research was carried to determine the internal organs characteristics of buras chickens fed coconut (Cocos mucifera) oil in diet. A total 100 unsexed buras chickens was used in this experiment. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications (4 hens each). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, when the treatments indicated significant effect it was continued Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Five dietary treatments containing 0, 0.5%, 1 %, 1,5%, and 2% levels of coconut oil (CO) with five replicates were applied to chickens.  Parameters measured were body weight, heart, liver, pancreas  and gizzard weight. Result showed that CO in the ration significantly increased the body weight (P<0.01) but did not affect to heart weight, liver weight, pancreas weight and gizzard weight.(P>0.05) It can be concluded that coconut oil in the diet can’t increase the internal organ characteristics. We can gave the 2% CO in the diet for the best results. Key words: Internal Organs, Coconut Oil, Buras Chickens

THE EFFECT OF COLD ACCLIMATION ON THE SIZE OF ORGANS AND TISSUES OF THE RAT, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MODES OF EXPRESSION OF RESULTS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Heroux ◽  
N. T. Gridgeman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Body Weights

In experiments in which two groups of animals of different mean body weight are compared, individual organ weights of the animals can be expressed as absolute weights, as fractional weights, or as absolute weights statistically regressed onto constant body weights. The second, and commonest, mode of expression involves the assumption that the part is directly proportional to the whole, and this is shown to be unlikely for all organs except the muscle mass. Practical as well as theoretical justifications for the use of regressed weights (which utilize the actual slope of the line relating the organ weight to the whole) are given.The experimental data are from white rats kept for 4 weeks in a warm (30 °C.) or a cold (6 °C.) environment. It is shown that cold adaptation had no effect on brain, genitals, and lung weights, but that it reduced the growth of muscle, pelt, fat, skeleton, spleen, and thymus, and that it hypertrophied the liver, intestine, kidney, heart, and adrenals. Apparently cold acclimated rats are smaller than the controls mainly because they have a smaller muscle mass.

scholarly journals Allylmethylsulfide, a Sulfur Compound Derived from Garlic, Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Soheb Anwar Mohammed ◽  
Bugga Paramesha ◽  
Yashwant Kumar ◽  
Ubaid Tariq ◽  
Sudheer Kumar Arava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Enalapril Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

Allylmethylsulfide (AMS) is a novel sulfur metabolite found in the garlic-fed serum of humans and animals. In the present study, we have observed that AMS is safe on chronic administration and has a potential antihypertrophic effect. Chronic administration of AMS for 30 days did not cause any significant differences in the body weight, electrocardiogram, food intake, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathology of vital organs. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of AMS suggests that AMS is rapidly metabolized into Allylmethylsulfoxide (AMSO) and Allylmethylsulfone (AMSO2). To evaluate the efficacy of AMS, cardiac hypertrophy was induced by subcutaneous implantation of ALZET® osmotic minipump containing isoproterenol (~5 mg/kg/day), cotreated with AMS (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) and enalapril (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. AMS and enalapril significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy as studied by the heart weight to body weight ratio and mRNA expression of fetal genes (ANP and β-MHC). We have observed that TBARS, a parameter of lipid peroxidation, was reduced and the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were improved in the AMS and enalapril-cotreated hypertrophic hearts. The extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) were significantly upregulated in the diseased hearts; however, with the AMS and enalapril, it was preserved. Similarly, caspases 3, 7, and 9 were upregulated in hypertrophic hearts, and with the AMS and enalapril treatment, they were reduced. Further to corroborate this finding with in vitro data, we have checked the nuclear expression of caspase 3/7 in the H9c2 cells treated with isoproterenol and observed that AMS cotreatment reduced it significantly. Histopathological investigation of myocardium suggests AMS and enalapril treatment reduced fibrosis in hypertrophied hearts. Based on our experimental results, we conclude that AMS, an active metabolite of garlic, could reduce isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stabilizing ECM components.

scholarly journals Effect of arginine or glutamine supplementation on production, organ weights, interferon gamma, interleukin 6 and antibody titre of broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Szabó ◽  
Emese Andrásofszky ◽  
Tamás Tuboly ◽  
András Bersényi ◽  
Andrea Weisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Organ Weights

The objective of this study was designed to test whether supplementation of the diet with arginine (Arg) or glutamine (Gln) or their combination influences the production, organ weights and humoral immune response of broilers. A total of 432 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 6 treatment groups: control, Arg-0.5%, Arg-1%, Gln-0.5%, Gln-1% and Arg-0.5%+Gln-0.5%. Drinking water and feed were provided ad libitum. On day 18 of the experiment 50% of chickens in each treatment group were immunised with bovine serum albumin. Ten and 21 days after immunisation blood samples were collected to determine the anti-albumin IgY titre, interleukin 6 (IL6) and interferon gamma (IFNG) and to measure the weight of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Arg or Gln supplementation of the diets influenced neither the production nor the organ weights until 18 days of age. Between 18 and 39 days of age both Arg (0.5% and 1%) and Arg + Gln supplementation improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 3.7%, 6.3% and 4.9%, respectively, while Gln-1% worsened it by 15%. Immunisation slightly (−0.79%) depressed the body weight gain of broilers fed the control diet, which was significantly improved by both Arg (0.5 or 1%) and Arg + Gln supplementation. Immunisation increased the weight of the spleen, bursa and thymus and decreased that of the liver. Supplementation with 1% Gln depressed (−5.13%) the body weight gain of the immunised chickens but strongly stimulated the immune response. Supplementations with Arg and Gln did not influence the IL6 and IFNG level of the blood; however, on day 10 after immunisation these two parameters showed a negative correlation with each other. Regarding production, organ weights and immunity, Arg supplementation should be recommended in the grower phase, while Gln supplementation can be useful in pullets raised for egg production, where a good immune response to vaccinations is an important factor.

Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Asiasari radix Extract in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ramesh ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
H. W. Lee ◽  
S. J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Icr Mice

Acute oral toxicity of methanol extract of Asiasari radix was evaluated in ICR mice of both sexes. In this study, mice were administrated orally with dosages of 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight of Asiasari radix extract. Mortality, signs of toxicity, body weight, food consumption, and gross findings were observed for 14 days post treatment of Asiasari radix extract. No mortality, signs of toxicity, and abnormalities in gross findings were observed. In addition, no significant differences were noticed in the body and organ weights between the control and treated groups of both sexes. These results show that the methanol extract of Asiasari radix is toxicologically safe by oral administration.

scholarly journals Determining organ weight toxicity with Bayesian causal models: Improving on the analysis of relative organ weights

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley E. Lazic ◽  
Elizaveta Semenova ◽  
Dominic P. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Chemically Induced

AbstractRegulatory authorities require animal toxicity tests for new chemical entities. Organ weight changes are accepted as a sensitive indicator of chemically induced organ damage, but can be difficult to interpret because changes in organ weight might reflect chemically-induced changes in overall body weight. A common solution is to calculate the relative organ weight (organ to body weight ratio), but this inadequately controls for the dependence on body weight – a point made by statisticians for decades, but which has not been widely adopted. The recommended solution is an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), but it is rarely used, possibly because both the method of statistical correction and the interpretation of the output may be unclear to those with minimal statistical training. Using relative organ weights can easily lead to incorrect conclusions, resulting in poor decisions, wasted resources, and an ethically questionable use of animals. We propose to cast the problem into a causal modelling framework as it directly assesses questions of scientific interest, the results are easy to interpret, and the analysis is simple to perform with freely available software. Furthermore, by taking a Bayesian approach we can model unequal variances, control for multiple testing, and directly provide evidence of safety.

scholarly journals Studies of Body Weight/Heart Weight [C/S] Ratio in Treated and Untreated Experimental Pulmonary Barotrauma

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Piotr Siermontowski ◽  
Wojciech Kozłowski ◽  
Katarzyna Pleskacz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulmonary Barotrauma ◽  
Pulmonary Parenchyma ◽  
Sudden Decrease

AbstractThe prerequisite of development of pulmonary barotrauma [PB] is retention of the breathing mix in the lungs during a sudden decrease in external pressure or its administration into the airways under increased pressure or in a volume exceeding the maximum lung capacity. In such cases, the pulmonary parenchyma ruptures and air enters both the pleural cavity and/or the lumen of ruptured blood vessels located in the alveolar septa. The result is permanent disruption of the pulmonary parenchyma.The aim of the study was to assess the influence of post-PB lesions on the heart muscle and the importance of hyperbaric treatment on the exacerbation of such lesions in the heart. The hearts of 35 rabbits were used in the study. In animals of the experimental group, PB was induced in the pressure chamber using the proprietary method described in previous publications. Part of the animals in this group were treated with air hyperbaria. The comparison group consisted of animals, which did not undergo PB during a simulated dive. All animals were weighed, observed for four weeks and then put to death following the experiment. In autopsy, among others, whole hearts were collected and weighed after fixation. Subsequently, the C/S ratio, i.e. the body to heart weight ratio, was calculated. The measurement results were subject to statistical analysis. A statistically significant increase in the C/S ratio was found, indicating an increase in the share of heart weight in the total body weight in the group of animals with PB not treated with air hyperbaria as compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Toxicity Assessment of a Single Dose of Poly(ethylene glycol) Diglycidyl Ether (PEGDE) Administered Subcutaneously in Mice

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Do-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jong-Hyeon Han ◽  
Hyuk-Cheol Kwon ◽  
Su-Jin Lim ◽  
Seo-Gu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) is widely used to cross-link polymers, particularly in the pharmaceutical and biomaterial sectors. However, the subcutaneous toxicity of PEGDE has not yet been assessed. PEGDE samples (500–40,000 μg/mouse) were subcutaneously injected into the paraspinal dorsum of BALB/c male mice. Cage-side observations were carried out with measurement of organ weight, body weight variation, and feed intake, as well as histopathological characterization on day 28 post-exposure. Mice that received 40,000 μg of PEGDE showed severe toxic response and had to be euthanized. Subcutaneous injection of PEGDE did not alter feed intake and organ weight; however, the body weight variation of mice injected with 20,000 μg of PEGDE was significantly lower than that of the other groups. Exposure to 10,000 and 20,000 μg of PEGDE induced epidermal ulcer formation and hair loss. The histology of skin tissue in mice administered with 20,000 μg of PEGDE showed re-epithelialized or unhealed wounds. However, the liver, spleen, and kidneys were histologically normal. Collectively, PEGDE, particularly above 10,000 μg/mouse, caused subcutaneous toxicity with ulceration, but no toxicity in the other organs. These results may indicate the optimal concentration of subcutaneously injected PEGDE.

scholarly journals The Effect of Black Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) on Cardiac and Aortic Histopathology in Experimental Studies in Obesity Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Andreas Arie Setiawan ◽  
Fairuz Azmila Purnomo ◽  
Vega Karlowee ◽  
Noor Wijayahadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
White Rats

ABSTRACTBackground: Obesity is a disorder or disease characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the body due to an imbalance in energy intake that is used for a long time. Accumulation of fat can reduce adiponectin, causing cardiac hypertrophy, endothelial vasodilation, and other cardiovascular diseases. Black garlic have high antioxidants in the form of S-Allylcysteine(SAC) which functions to increase adiponectin. Objective: To determine the effect of Black garlic on the histopathological picture of the heart and aorta of obese rats. Methods: This study was an experimental study with a randomized post-test only design with control group design with 5 groups of male white rats Sprague Dawley (Rattus novergicus) fed High Fat Fructose. Diet (HFFD) enriched with 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 8 weeks and was given black garlic intervention at doses of 450 mg / 200BW, 900mg / 200BW and 1350mg200 / BW for 4 weeks. Results: Giving black garlic significantly reduced body weight of rats (p = 0.001), and the results did not significantly reduce heart weight (p = 0.147), aortic weight (p = 0.061), histopathological changes in heart wall thickness (p = 0.423) and aortic wall thickness (p = 0.802). The effective doses of black garlic in this study were 450 mg / 200 grams BW, 900 mg / 200 grams rat BW and 1350 mg / 200 grams BW of rats. The optimal dose is 900 mg / 200 grams BW. Conclusion: Black garlic gave a significant reduction in body weight of rats and no significant reduction in heart weight, aortic weight, cardiac and aortic histopathological features. 

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