scholarly journals ORGAN WORK AND ORGAN WEIGHT

1939 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Walter ◽  
T. Addis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Rate Of Growth

1. The ratios between the rates of growth of the body and of the heart, kidneys, and liver are approximately uniform between 40 gm. body weight and the body weight at maturity in the albino rat. The male and female hearts grow at 0.75 times the rate of growth of the body, the male kidneys at 0.717 times, the female kidneys at 0.648 times, and the liver at 0.838 times the rate of growth of the body as a whole. 2. Formulas for the prediction of organ weight from body weight were derived from the data on 1591 albino rats kept under constant conditions. 3. A series of experiments in which dietetic and metabolic variables were introduced into otherwise constant conditions showed that the heart weight was not affected by diet, and that both kidney weight and weight of liver protein (used as a measure of effective liver size) varied in the direction of change in the protein content of the diet. Decrease in rate of metabolism induced by thyroidectomy and increase in metabolism following the administration of thyroxin led to a corresponding fall and rise of heart, kidney, and liver protein weight. These results were confirmed in experiments on fasted rats with the exception that under these conditions thyroidectomy did not appreciably decrease liver protein weight relatively to fasted controls. Increase in organ metabolism due to dinitrophenol had no effect on organ weight. 4. When experimental changes alter the composition of the body with respect to fat or water, the comparison of experimental and control organ weights in terms of any one function of body weight is fallacious. 5. Conditions that change kidney weight usually change liver protein weight in the same direction and roughly to the same degree. The possible meaning of two exceptions to this rule is discussed. 6. The observations made are regarded as supporting the hypothesis that, after weaning, change in the weight of the heart, kidney, and liver protein is determined mainly by change in the amount of work done by these organs.

Effect of Clomiphene Citrate and Letrozole on Body Weight of female Albino Rat for Consecutive 1-4 Estrous Cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2938-2941
Author(s):  
Fauzia Qureshi ◽  
Syeda Rizwana Jafri ◽  
Hafiza Sadia Ahmad ◽  
Uzma Waseem ◽  
Ursula Akif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate in women with infertility has been practiced more than 40% years but in infertile patients this treatment plan proved to be ineffective with multiple complication. Body weight plays an important role modulating reproductive development and functioning. Aim: To observe the effects on body weight of female albino rat after use of clomiphene citrate and letrozole for consecutive 1-4 estrous cycles Method: Eighty four adult female Albino rats were equally divided into three groups for this research. Body weight of each rat was measured before and after the experiment. Vaginal smear cytology of each rat was performed to study different phases of estrous cycle. Control group A was given normal saline orally , In Experimental group B rats were given letrozole (Femara) at dose 5mg/kg orally and in Experimental group C rats were given clomiphene citrate at dose 100ug/kg orally. Results: Significant weight gain is observed in rats taking clomiphene citrate as compared to letrozole Conclusion : Comiphene citrate directly affects the body weight which indirectly reduces the ovulation induction and pregnancy rate. Letrozole is good alternate for ovulation induction and for CC resistant patients. Keywords: Estrous cycle, body weight, citrate and letrozole

Tiopronin protects against the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in the rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 713-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-G Zhang ◽  
M Viale ◽  
M Esposito ◽  
W E Lindup
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antitumour Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity

1 Tiopronim (N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine) is a drug with a free thiol (sulphydryl) group that is used clinically. We have reported previously that tiopronin protects rat kidney slices in vitro from the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin and does not reduce the antitumour activity of cisplatin. Tiopronin has been investigated therefore for its protective effects in rats in vivo. 2 The extent of kidney damage was studied 5 days after the administration of cisplatin. A single injection (i.p.) of cisplatin (6 mg/kg; 20,umollkg) to female Wistar albino rats caused a sustained decrease in body weight and, after 5 days, plasma urea, creatinine and kidney weight were increased. Tiopronin (2.5 mmol/kg, p.o.) ameliorated cisplatin nephrotoxicity when given 1 h before cisplatin. Tiopronin provided marked protection against cisplatin-induced increases in urea (from 237+19 mg to 48+23 mg/100 ml; control: 17+1) and creatinine (from 6.5+0.5 to 1.7+0.5 mg/100 ml control: 1.0 + 0.1). Tiopronin did not, prevent the body weight loss caused by cisplatin. In addition, an intraperitoneal dose (1 mmol/lkg) oftiopronin afforded similar protection to that of an oral dose. Rats that received an i.p. mixture of cisplatin (6 mg/kg) and tiopronin (65 mg/kg) displayed generally less toxicity, as indicated by a small fall in body weight and smaller increases in urea and creatinine and kidney weight. 3 The results show that tiopronin protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Oral administration of tiopronin may be a clinically useful way to prevent cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Nephroprotective potential of Neermulli/Nerunjil Kudineer on Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1720-1729
Author(s):  
Noorul Alam ◽  
Gopal V ◽  
Vasanthi C ◽  
Prabal Kumar Manna
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Nerunjil kudineer/Neermulli Kudinner is an official Siddha polyherbal formulation used for the various ailments related to the kidney. Cisplatin is an alkylating agent used in chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. Its use is limited due to their nephrotoxicity. In this study nephroprotective effect of Nerunjil kudineer (NK) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino Rats was studied. Male Wistar albino rats were used for this study. Animals were divided into 5 groups (n=6) as control, Cisplatin control (Single dose 7 mg/Kg i.p on the 7th day), Cisplatin with Cystone (p.o), NK200 and NK400 mg/Kg (p.o) for 10 days. At the end of the study, animals were weighed and sacrificed to estimate the relative kidney weight, serum creatinine and Urea. Kidney tissue was estimated for oxidant-antioxidant parameters (MDA, GSH & SOD) and histology study was carried out. Cisplatin reduced body weight and increased kidney weight significantly (P<0.0001). It deprived the renal function by elevating serum creatinine & urea, MDA and reduction in endogenous antioxidants GSH and SOD significantly (P<0.0001). Cisplatin group exhibited focal tubular necrosis and congested blood vessels in histology study. The standard drug Cystone and NK400 significantly increased the body weight, reduced the kidney weight, normalized the kidney function parameters (Serum Cr and Urea), bolstered antioxidant status and showed a trend towards the recovery of histological alterations. NK showed a dose-dependent activity and higher dose, NK400mg /Kg possessed strong nephroprotective activity, which may be due to the efficient antioxidant potential, which reduces lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress induced by cisplatin. The results strongly suggest that Nerunjil kudineer is an effective nephroprotective drug against Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.

ORGAN WEIGHT – BODY WEIGHT RELATIONS IN THE FAMILY MUSTELIDAE: THE MINK (MUSTELA VISON)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wood ◽  
I. McT. Cowan ◽  
M. J. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mustela Vison ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
The Family ◽  
Independent Variable

The relation between certain of the organs and the body weight of ranch raised mink has been examined. The lethal agent used for killing the mink is shown to affect the relative weights of the organs studied. The unsuitability of body weight as an independent variable against which to express organ weights is discussed and it is suggested that heart weight may be a more useful base.

scholarly journals Selected blood parameters altered by different doses of pesticide Malathion in albino rat (Rattus-norvegicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
C.D. Sharma ◽  
Neha Shukla ◽  
Geeta Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hematological Parameter ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Different Doses

Organophosphate pesticides Malathion used as pest control agent in agriculture, household, kitchen and other places. Malathion is found in market with different trade names. It is used with its action properties against various insects and pest. It is used with the largest group of poisonous substances that are widely broadcast today. Present study is based on the effects of different doses of Malathion on routine hematological parameters like RBCs, WBCs, Hb%, CT, PT, ESR, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Four doses were selected according to the body weight of albino rats. The doses were selected as four types on the basis of per kilogram body weight of albino rat. They were 25, 50, 75,100 mg per Kg body weight for 7 and 15 days of treatment.The findings indicate that the above parameter fluctuates significantly as amount of dose increases. Hematological parameter indicates that the total body of the animals gets affected by the Malathion. It causes various other toxicological effects on the body of albino rats. There was a combined study of male and female albino rats.

scholarly journals KARATERISTIK ORGAN BAGIAN DALAM AYAM BURAS YANG DIBERI PAKAN MINYAK KELAPA (Cocos nucifera) DALAM RANSUM

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Jein Rinny Leke ◽  
F.N. Sompie ◽  
E. Wantasen ◽  
T. Widyastuti ◽  
E.H.B. Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Pancreas Weight

INTERNAL ORGANS CHAR ACTERISTICS OF NATIVE CHICKEN FED BY COCONUT OIL (Cocos nucifera) ON DIET. The research was carried to determine the internal organs characteristics of buras chickens fed coconut (Cocos mucifera) oil in diet. A total 100 unsexed buras chickens was used in this experiment. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications (4 hens each). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, when the treatments indicated significant effect it was continued Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Five dietary treatments containing 0, 0.5%, 1 %, 1,5%, and 2% levels of coconut oil (CO) with five replicates were applied to chickens.  Parameters measured were body weight, heart, liver, pancreas  and gizzard weight. Result showed that CO in the ration significantly increased the body weight (P<0.01) but did not affect to heart weight, liver weight, pancreas weight and gizzard weight.(P>0.05) It can be concluded that coconut oil in the diet can’t increase the internal organ characteristics. We can gave the 2% CO in the diet for the best results. Key words: Internal Organs, Coconut Oil, Buras Chickens

scholarly journals Effect of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) on serum creatine kinase-MB and troponin I in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in wistar albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Sharmin Nahar ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: The prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing day by day in Bangladesh due to socioeconomic transition. Spices and herbs are important source of remedy for various diseases in human. Curcuma longa suggested to be used as an indigenous medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To observe the effect of Curcuma longa in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in Wistar albino rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during 2015. Twenty one Wistar albino male rats, weighing 100 to 150 g (initial body weight); aged 85 to 100 days were selected for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, the rats were divided into BC (Baseline control group), ISP-TC (Isoproterenol treated control group) and CLP-ISPT (Curcuma longa pretreated and isoproterenol treated group). Each group consisted of 7 rats. After experiment, on the 10th day, final body weight was taken, rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the heart. The heart was removed and weighed. Serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) level was estimated by ELISA method and Troponin I (cTnI) level by AxSYM method. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Results: In this study, the mean percent (%) change of body weight (p<0.01), mean serum CK-MB (p<0.001) and cTnI (p<0.001) levels were significantly higher but mean heart weight was non significantly higher in ISP-TC in comparison to those of BC. Again, the mean percent (%) change of body weight (p<0.01), mean heart weight (p<0.01), mean serum CK-MB (p<0.01) and cTnI (p<0.001) levels were significantly lower in CLP-ISPT than those of ISP-TC group. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that Curcuma longa may have cardioprotective effect. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2018, December; 13(2): 47-53

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic of Karala (Momordica charantia) Fruits in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hossain ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
D Debnath ◽  
AKMR Alam ◽  
Z Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Higher Doses

To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Momordica charantia (Karala), the aqueous extract of the Karala fruit was tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty six albino rats were used in the experiment, 30 diabetic and the remaining six as negative control (T1). Diabetes was induced by administering (injecting) STZ at dose of 55mg/kg body weight. Thirty diabetic animals were randomly divided into five groups such as diabetic control group (T2) without any application of treatment, and groups T3,T4,T5 and T6 were treated with aqueous extract of Karala fruits daily at the doses of 250,    500 and 750mg/kg and glibenclamide (at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight) respectively. The body weight was taken and blood samples were collected from individual animal to determine glucose levels at 15 day interval up to 90 days. In addition, Asparate  Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) were determined at day 15 and at the end of the experiment. All three doses of Karala extracts reduced diabetic induced blood sugar and the reduction is comparable with standard glibenclamide (GLM) dose particularly with higher doses Karala extracts (500 and 750mg). Karala also prevented body weight loss due to induced diabetes as did by GLM treatment.. The treatment also resulted in a significant reduction of Asparate Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) activities of treated rats when compared to the STZ induced  diabetic rats. Higher doses of Karala (500 and 750mg/kg) are as effective as standard GLM dose on measured variables. This study demonstrated that Karala has hyperglycemia and antihyperlipidemic effect against STZ induced diabetic rats. These findings open the possibility of using Karala extract to treat diabetic animal and human patients although further research is warranted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11550 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 29 - 37, 2012  

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