INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Juillet
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Low Humidity

The influence of temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, light intensity, and precipitation on the flight activity of diurnal ichneumonids and braconids is discussed. Light rain stimulates flight activity, but light intensity does not affect it. Ichneumonids are most active at moderate temperature, high humidity, and low wind velocity, while braconids are most active at high temperature, low humidity, and low wind velocity. The optimum weather for maximum flight activity coincides with the fact that ichneumonids predominate on forest insect pests, and braconids on agricultural insect pests.

DIURNAL BEHAVIOR AND BITING HABITS OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN THE FORESTS OF QUEBEC

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Wolfe ◽  
D. G. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Diurnal Behavior

Studies in the region of Baie Comeau, Quebec, from 1954 to 1956, showed that black flies were most active in the morning 1 to 2 hours after dawn and in the evening [Formula: see text] to 1 hour before sunset. Flight activity appeared to depend on light intensity if the temperature was not below 45° F, the wind velocity not above 2 m.p.h., and the relative humidity not below 50%. In the morning, activity was greatest at higher levels of light intensity, i.e., 20 ft-c, than in the evening, 5 ft-c. Activity increased before thunderstorms and rain and the increase appeared related more to the change in light intensity than to changes in atmospheric pressure or humidity. At night, black flies moved to resting places in the tops of the trees, probably because of the more suitable light intensity at the higher levels just before dark. Oviposition commenced in the late afternoon and continued until dark except on overcast days, when it commenced in early afternoon. Simulium (Simulium) venustum Say bit man mainly on the back of the neck.

SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Juillet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Factors Influencing

Analysis of the average captures of diurnal parasitic Hymenoptera in a pine plantation in relation to some weather elements showed that ichneumonids were most active at average temperatures (70–75° F), high relative humidity, and low wind velocity; braconids at high, temperature, low relative humidity, and low wind velocity; and chalcids at high temperature and low relative humidity, hut were unaffected by wind.

Effects of Adjuvants and Environment During Plant Development on Glyphosate Absorption and Translocation in Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart L. Sherrick ◽  
Harvey A. Holt ◽  
F. Dan Hess
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Sorbitan Monolaurate ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Low Humidity

Absorption and translocation of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] with and without adjuvants were examined in field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL. # CONAR) to develop an understanding of the influence of selected adjuvants and environment before application on glyphosate activity. Light intensity and humidity during plant development resulted in differences in14C-glyphosate absorption. When applied in water or with an oxysorbic (20 POE) (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) adjuvant, an average of 9% of the glyphosate was absorbed in plants grown in high light intensity, low humidity (HLLH) before treatment, compared to an average of 21% in plants grown in low light, high humidity (LLHH) before treatment, respectively. Amounts of epicuticular wax on HLLH field bindweed were almost three times as great as on LLHH leaves and may explain absorption differences. No differences in glyphosate absorption were observed between glyphosate applied with oxysorbic or no adjuvant even though the oxysorbic adjuvant effectively reduces surface tension. Absorption was increased two- to threefold with a polyethoxylated tallow amine adjuvant (MON 0818) compared to no adjuvant. Unlike absorption without adjuvant or with oxysorbic adjuvant, there were few absorption differences in plants grown in different environments before application. Absorption continued for 24 to 36 h after application regardless of adjuvant. Reductions in MON 0818 concentration and subsequent necrosis resulted in increased movement of radioactivity away from the site of application.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature, humidity, and diluent type on survival of Salmonella spp. on the surface of raw tomatoes

10.5219/1121 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Tokarskyy ◽  
Keith Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Pathogen Elimination ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Fresh Tomato ◽  
The U.S

Tomatoes are an important commodity, placing fourth among most popular vegetables in the U.S. However, fresh tomatoes lack a final pathogen elimination step and have been implicated in Salmonella-related outbreaks. The purpose of the study was to evaluate survival of Salmonella post-drying in three diluents on the surface of green mature tomatoes at 12 °C or 25 °C. Additionally, low and high air relative humidity influence was evaluated at 25 °C on pathogen survival. A five Salmonella rifampin-resistant strain cocktail was double-washed in buffered peptone water (BPW) and resuspended in 0.1% peptone, BPW, or fresh tomato serum. Inoculum (0.1 mL) was allowed to dry on the surface of tomatoes. For study I, tomatoes were placed in 12 °C and 25 °C incubators with no humidity control and sampled on days 0, 1, 3, and 5. For study II, tomatoes were sampled on days 0, 1 (biosafety hood storage) and on day 5 after storage in two 25 oC incubators (low and high relative humidity). Salmonella was recovered from tomatoes (20 mL BPW) and plated (TSA-rif80, 37 °C, 48 hours). Post-drying Salmonella counts (ca. 4.5 – 5.0 log10 CFU.mL-1) remained at 4.03 and 4.40 log10 CFU.mL-1 in serum after 5 days of storage at 12 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Conversely, corresponding counts in BPW and peptone were lower at ca. 1.4 to 1.8 and 2.2 to 2.8 log units at 12 °C and 25 °C, respectively. At low humidity, post-drying Salmonella counts showed highest decline for peptone (final 1.98 log10 CFU.mL-1) compared to BPW (3.79 log10 CFU.mL-1) and tomato serum (4.75 log10 CFU.mL-1) on day 5. Counts declined rapidly to 0.03, 0.56, and 0.44 log10 CFU.mL-1 for peptone, BPW, and tomato serum, respectively, at high humidity on day 5. To summarize, it was shown that increased solutes have protective effect on Salmonella in desiccated conditions, while high humidity storage causes accelerated death of stationary culture within five days storage period.

High Humidity, Low Humidity, and Mist Therapy for Croup

JAMA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Richard Gabor
Keyword(s):  
High Humidity ◽  
Low Humidity

STUDIES OF THE AGING OF CONIDIA OF MONILINIA FRUCTICOLA (WINT.) HONEY: I.GERMINATION RATES AND LONGEVITY

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Z. Naqvi ◽  
H. M. Good
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Conidia of Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey were stored 1–10 months at temperatures of 5°, 25°, and 35 °C. and at constant relative humidities approximating 0, 15, 45, 75, and 90%. The germination of these spores was tested on potato dextrose agar containing 6% glucose, and curves of the percentage germination against time are given for representative samples.A pronounced delay in germination developed under all conditions of storage. The rate at which this delay developed was virtually independent of the storage temperature. All spore samples gave 100% germination after 3 months but only those at 5 °C. gave; any germination after 10 months. Storage in a relative humidity of 75% gave the best preservation of spore vigor, there being evidence in other conditions of either high humidity or low humidity injury. Of the nutrient solutions tested, glucose was the only one which gave substantially better germination than water, the effect being most marked on spores stored for some months at high humidity. With glucose, such spores sometimes germinated faster than those stored at intermediate humidities.

scholarly journals Responses of forest insect pests to climate change: not so simple

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Jactel ◽  
Julia Koricheva ◽  
Bastien Castagneyrol
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Forest Insect
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