DIURNAL BEHAVIOR AND BITING HABITS OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN THE FORESTS OF QUEBEC

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Wolfe ◽  
D. G. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Diurnal Behavior

Studies in the region of Baie Comeau, Quebec, from 1954 to 1956, showed that black flies were most active in the morning 1 to 2 hours after dawn and in the evening [Formula: see text] to 1 hour before sunset. Flight activity appeared to depend on light intensity if the temperature was not below 45° F, the wind velocity not above 2 m.p.h., and the relative humidity not below 50%. In the morning, activity was greatest at higher levels of light intensity, i.e., 20 ft-c, than in the evening, 5 ft-c. Activity increased before thunderstorms and rain and the increase appeared related more to the change in light intensity than to changes in atmospheric pressure or humidity. At night, black flies moved to resting places in the tops of the trees, probably because of the more suitable light intensity at the higher levels just before dark. Oviposition commenced in the late afternoon and continued until dark except on overcast days, when it commenced in early afternoon. Simulium (Simulium) venustum Say bit man mainly on the back of the neck.

scholarly journals Responses to climatic factors by foragers of Plebeia pugnax Moure (in litt.) (Apidae, Meliponinae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. HILÁRIO ◽  
V. L. IMPERATRIZ-FONSECA ◽  
A. de M. P. KLEINERT
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Recorded Data

Flight activity of Plebeia pugnax Moure (in litt.) was studied in six colonies coming from Cunha, SP, from July to October 1994. Twice a week, from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., for 5 minutes every half-hour, all the bees entering and leaving the hives were counted. Six hundred counts were made and the materials that foragers carried were recorded. Data were analysed in relation to temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and day time. Foragers' flight activity was relatively constant in a wide range of temperature, from 22°C to 34°C. The minimum temperature for the beginning of flight activity was 14°C. Effective flight activity (when foragers of all colonies were leaving the hives) occurred at 15°C. These bees also flew within a wide range of relative humidity, from 30% to 100%, decreasing slowly after 50%. Flight activity increased as light intensity rose and it has also increased as the hours passed by, reaching a peak around midday and decreasing gradually afterwards. Pollen was collected all day long, while resin collection was relatively constant and debris transportation was slightly higher after 10:00 h. From all known Plebeia species, this one flew on the lowest temperature ever registered for this genus.

The age-structure and biting behaviour of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) from Manaus, Brazil

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Charlwood ◽  
J. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Biting Behaviour

AbstractThe physiological age of female Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) caught biting horses during seven all-day catches and 20 catches in the morning or afternoon during the rainy season (January-July) in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, was determined by examination of their ovaries. Males and unmated females with undeveloped ovaries had similar biting patterns, with peaks of activity in the early morning and late afternoon, when the relative humidity was between 50 and 80%. Nulliparous inseminated females with ovaries at Stages II to V attacked throughout the day, with no pronounced peaks, whereas parous females showed a peak of biting in the late morning and early afternoon. The majority of parous flies had oviposited less than four times and had distended overiolar sacs, indicative of recent oviposition.

scholarly journals Ritme aktivitas penerbangan harian Tetragonula laeviceps (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) di Bogor

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Indah Putri Januar Yustia ◽  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
Nina Maryana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythms

<p><em>Tetragonula laeviceps</em> (Smith) is one of the most common species of stingless bees in Indonesia. However, only few publications available on the flight activity rhythms of the species. Research was conducted with the objectives to determine flight activity of <em>T. laeviceps</em> in relation to daily times and various weather elements. Three colonies of <em>T. laeviceps</em> were observed hourly for 5 minutes beginning at 06.00 a.m. until 06.00 p.m. Number of bees entering with pollen or resin, as well as exiting with waste were counted. Flight activity was significantly different (P &lt; 0.001) among times of day. The preferential times (acrophases) of flight activities occurred at afternoon (11 a.m. to 12 a.m.). Number of entrance and exit flights positively correlated (moderate) with temperature and light intensity, while negatively correlated (moderate) with relative humidity. </p>

SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Juillet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Factors Influencing

Analysis of the average captures of diurnal parasitic Hymenoptera in a pine plantation in relation to some weather elements showed that ichneumonids were most active at average temperatures (70–75° F), high relative humidity, and low wind velocity; braconids at high, temperature, low relative humidity, and low wind velocity; and chalcids at high temperature and low relative humidity, hut were unaffected by wind.

The diurnal activity of the chicken-biting black fly, Simulium griseicolle Becker (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Northern Sudan

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. El Bashir ◽  
M. H. El Jack ◽  
H. M. El Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Two Peaks

AbstractThe diurnal flight activity of Simulium griseicolle Becker was determined at Shambat, Khartoum, by means of a suction trap and a vehicle-mounted trap; and the biting activity by means of a chicken-baited trap. Only incidental observations of mammal-biting activity were made. The three trapping methods indicated two peaks of activity, one in the morning and the other late in the afternoon. Fly activity was lowest in the early afternoon when temperature and light intensity were highest, wind speed was moderate and relative humidity was least. Females outnumbered males in all the catches, except in the early morning when more males were sometimes recorded.

DAILY ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF HORSE FLIES (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE: HYBOMITRA SPP.) IN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E.K. McElligott ◽  
Terry D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Horse Flies ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns ◽  
Horse Fly

AbstractDaily patterns of host-seeking activity by female tabanids were determined by hourly trapping (0530–2230 hours) with Manitoba horse fly traps at Seven Sisters, Man., 4 days a week, throughout the summer of 1988. Hybomitra epistates (Osten Sacken) and H. pechumani Teskey and Thomas were most active during late morning or mid-day; H. arpadi (Szilady) and H. zonalis (Kirby) in early afternoon; H. affinis (Kirby), H. illota (O.S.), and H. lasiophthalma (Macquart) in late afternoon; H. nitidifrons nuda (McDunnough) and H. lurida (Fallen) in early evening.The morning onset of tabanid flight activity usually was related to temperature, but the cessation of activity in the evening was related either to temperature or light, depending on which was first to fall below threshold levels. Tabanid flight activity was generally low at temperatures below 20°C, although H. lasiophthalma and H. affinis occasionally were caught at 12°C. Little flight activity occurred at light intensity levels below 1000 lx regardless of temperature. At Churchill, Man., where tabanids were trapped hourly from 27 July to 15 August in 1988, H. affinis and H. frontalis (Walker) activity was low below 14°C, although some activity occurred at 6°C.

INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Juillet
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Low Humidity

The influence of temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, light intensity, and precipitation on the flight activity of diurnal ichneumonids and braconids is discussed. Light rain stimulates flight activity, but light intensity does not affect it. Ichneumonids are most active at moderate temperature, high humidity, and low wind velocity, while braconids are most active at high temperature, low humidity, and low wind velocity. The optimum weather for maximum flight activity coincides with the fact that ichneumonids predominate on forest insect pests, and braconids on agricultural insect pests.

scholarly journals Optimizing Planting Density and Impact of Panicle Types on Grain Yield and Microclimatic Response Index of Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guotao Yang ◽  
Xuechun Wang ◽  
Farhan Nabi ◽  
Hongni Wang ◽  
Changkun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Response Index ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
High Plant Density

AbstractThe architecture of rice plant represents important and complex agronomic traits, such as panicles morphology, which directly influence the microclimate of rice population and consequently grain yield. To enhance yield, modification of plant architecture to create new hybrid cultivars is considered a sustainable approach. The current study includes an investigation of yield and microclimate response index under low to high plant density of two indica hybrid rice R498 (curved panicles) and R499 (erect panicles), from 2017 to 2018. The split-plot design included planting densities of 11.9–36.2 plant/m2. The results showed that compared with R498, R499 produced a higher grain yield of 8.02–8.83 t/ha at a higher planting density of 26.5–36.2 plant/m2. The response index of light intensity and relative humidity to the planting density of R499 was higher than that of R498 at the lower position of the rice population. However, the response index of temperature to the planting density of R499 was higher at the upper position (0.2–1.4%) than at the lower position. Compared with R498, R499 at a high planting density developed lower relative humidity (78–88%) and higher light intensity (9900–15,916 lx) at the lower position of the rice population. Our finding suggests that erect panicles are highly related to grain yield microclimatic contributors under a highly dense rice population, such as light intensity utilization, humidity, and temperature. The application of erect panicle rice type provides a potential strategy for yield improvement by increasing microclimatic conditions in rice.

scholarly journals Effect Factors of Benzene Adsorption and Degradation by Nano-TiO2Immobilized on Diatomite

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Cheng ◽  
Yong Kang ◽  
Guishui Li
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Benzene Adsorption ◽  
Effect Factors ◽  
Benzene Concentration ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Safe Concentration

Difference between adsorption of benzene by diatomite and nano-TiO2immobilized on diatomite was investigated. And effects of temperature, light intensity, relative humidity, and initial benzene concentration on adsorption and degradation of benzene by nano-TiO2immobilized on diatomite were also studied. The experimental results showed that when initial benzene concentration was2.2×10−3 mg L−1, it could be degraded to below safe concentration (1.1×10−4 mg L−1) after 50 h when temperature was 20°C, but it just needed 30 h at 35°C. When light intensity was 6750 Lx, it needed 30 h for benzene to be degraded to below safe concentration, but benzene could barely be degraded without light. When relative humidity was 50%, benzene could be degraded to1.0×10−4 mg L−1after 30 h, while its concentration could be reduced to7.0×10−5 mg L−1at the relative humidity of 80%.

scholarly journals A Study on Suitable Habitat for Swiftlet Farming

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. H. ◽  
Teo W.C. ◽  
Baharun A.
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
New Industry ◽  
Temperature Surface

Swiftlet farming is a new industry in Sarawak as compared to other long-standing industries such as rubber, palm oil and timber. It is one of the businesses that involved a small capital investment that could generate enormous returns in the future. Swiftlet farming involves the conversion of human-centric building into structures for Swiftlet. The purpose of this conversion is to let Swiftlet for nesting and protect them. The design and construction of such building will also helps to accommodate Swiftlets' population. The nest of the Edible-nest Swiftlet rank amongst the world's most expensive animal products. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity of bird nest, study of the suitable habitat for Swiftlet should be done thoroughly. Environmental factors such as air temperature, surface temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and light intensity are the key factors for a successful Swiftlet farm house. Internal air temperature of building should be maintained from 26°C to 35°C, relative humidity from 80% to 90%, low air velocity and light intensity less than 5 LUX. Proper ventilation and installation of a humidifier could help the building to achieve the desirable range of environment factors. Location of structure will also be considered from direct sunlight direction to reduce the internal temperature. Only licensed Swiftlet farming is legal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document