SOME HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TISSUES IN LARVAE OF CTENICERA DESTRUCTOR (BROWN) (COLEOPTERA, ELATERIDAE), WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CUTANEOUS SENSILLA

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Zacharuk
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Recurrent Nerve ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Cuticular Structures ◽  
Staining Characteristic

The sensory axons from the cutaneous sensilla and some of those in the recurrent nerve stain strongly with S-specific stains. The axons of the efferent system and those from the ocelli lack this staining characteristic. This difference among axons possibly is related to the origin of their precursors in the ontogenetic sequence.Some of the metabolites involved in the synthesis of cuticular structures are demonstrated and discussed. The following sequence in the synthesis of the cuticula is suggested: glycogens → more complex, diastase-fast polysaccharides → chitin → a carbohydrate–protein complex containing SS groups → a complex (procuticle) with potential SH groups → a complex (exocuticle) with bound S and a high content of tyrosine and other phenols. The sequence in the synthesis of the cuticular nerve sheaths appears basically similar. The last step was not evident in tonofibrillae, and the last two steps were not evident in the subcuticular sheaths or axoplasm of reactive axons.The mechanisms of the histochemical reactions are discussed, with particular reference to staining with aldehyde-fuchsin after oxidation with potassium permanganate. This method may serve to differentiate histologically certain afferent from efferent axons in insect nervous systems.

Thoracic scent efferent system of the Tessaratomidae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with implication to the phylogeny of the family

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2363 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETR KMENT ◽  
JITKA VILÍMOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Lobe ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Scent Glands ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Cuticular Structures

We studied the cuticular structures associated with the opening of the adult metathoracic scent glands in the family Tessaratomidae. The terminology previously used for these structures in the Tessaratomidae and Pentatomoidea is briefly reviewed and most suitable terms are selected (i.e., metathoracic scent apparatus, internal and external scent efferent system, internal orifice, vestibule, ostiole, ostiolar groove, peritreme, auricle, spout, groove, ruga, disc, peritremal lobes, evaporatorium, mycoid surface, mushroom body, bridge, alveole, trabeculae, and peritremal surface). We examined and illustrated external scent efferent system of 40 species from 33 genera belonging to all three subfamilies of Tessaratomidae sensu lato, i.e. Tessaratominae, Natalicolinae, and Oncomerinae. Three basic types were recognized: i) Oncomerinae – ostiole slightly removed laterally from the position between coxal acetabula, oval, ostiolar groove not developed or very short, peritreme in form of spout attached anterolaterally to the ostiole; ii) Tessaratomidae sensu stricto (= Tessaratominae + Natalicolinae) – ostiole situated between acetabula, strongly incised mesad, thus vestibule distally opened in two planes (ventrally and laterally) as ostiolar groove, peritreme in form of anterior and posterior peritremal lobes surrounding the ostiolar groove; and iii) Platytatina (Platytatus ambiguus Bergroth, 1892) – ostiole shifted near to lateral metapleural margin, ostiolar groove reduced, situated between two flat, reniform processes (median and lateral lobe). A polarity of these structures is suggested: the type i) of Oncomerinae is regarded as plesiomorphic(shared with Urostylididae, Dinidoridae, etc.); the type iii) of Platytatina is homologized with type ii) of Tessaratominae sensu stricto; the type ii) is unique within Pentatomoidea and considered as an autapomorphy. The information content of the characters of the external scent efferent system and metathoracic spiracle for a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships within Pentatomoidea is tested by cladistic analyses. We found some apomorphies helping to define Tessaratomidae and Plataspidae, most of the characters, however, seem to be homoplasious at family level. The results of the cladistic analyses further support the monophyly of Dinidoridae + Tessaratomidae sensu lato and that of Tessaratomidae sensu stricto, while the relationships of Oncomerinae and Tessaratomidae sensu stricto as well as the relationships among the family-group taxa within Tessaratomidae sensu stricto need further studies.

scholarly journals The oxidative generation of sulfonic acid groups in neuromelanin and lipofuscin in the human brain.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Barden
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Inferior Olive ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Sulfonic acid groups were oxidatively generated in the soluble lipid-free lipofuscin component of neuromelanin of human substantia nigra and in lipofuscin of human inferior olive. Exposure of these oxidized, intraneuronal pigments to low pH Alcian blue or aldehyde fuchsin demonstrated an intensity of staining that related to the type of oxidant and the conditions of its use. Utilization of the following oxidants generated increasingly strong staining reactions as signified by the following sequence; periodic acid under mild conditions, bromine in carbon tetrachloride, hydrogen peroxide, periodic acid under drastic conditions, potassium permanganate followed by oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide followed by bromine in carbon tetrachloride, potassium permanganate followed by metabisulfite or bisulfite, and performic acid. Neither Alcian blue nor aldehyde fuchsin revealed oxidatively generated aldehyde as judged by 1) their failure or near failure to stain inferior olive lipofuscin following mildly applied periodic acid, and 2) the increase in staining intensity, from moderate to strong, displayed by the soluble lipid-free lipofuscin component of neuromelanin and by inferior olive lipofuscin when potassium permanganate was followed by a rinse with metabisulfite or bisulfite in place of one with oxalic acid.

"Elastic" fibers in the mesogloea of Pachycerianthus torreyi (Anthozoa)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Needler Arai
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Column Wall ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin

The presence of "elastic" fibers in addition to collagen in the mesogloea of the column wall of Pachycerianthus has been demonstrated by staining with spirit blue or aldehyde – fuchsin after oxidation with potassium permanganate.

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