SOME ASPECTS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF A MIGROSPORIDIAN PARASITE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Congenital Transmission ◽  
Host Generation

Limited tests indicate that the microsporidian parasite Perezia fumiferanae is restricted to insect hosts of the genus Choristoneura and for practical purposes to the single species Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Frozen spores of this parasite were found to be infectious longer than those kept under other conditions but no spores were infectious after 6 months' storage. There are two distinct methods of infection, oral and congenital. Immature eggs within infected female insects are infected by schizonts which develop into spores after the eggs are laid. All infected females, regardless of the degree of infection, transmit the parasite to their offspring, and for practical purposes all the progeny of such females are infected. Offspring of heavily infected females appear to contain more spores than those of lightly infected females. Infected males are sometimes capable of transmitting the parasite to a portion of their offspring. Congenital transmission is responsible for the passage of the parasite from host generation to generation. Increase in the incidence of the parasite occurs by oral ingestion of spores but the habits of the host larvae restrict most transmission to the late larval instars.

THE EFFECT OF A MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE ON THE DEVELOPMENT, REPRODUCTION, AND MORTALITY OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Initial Dose ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
First Instar

Infection of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), by the microsporidian parasite Perezia fumiferanae Thorn, retards both larval and pupal development and reduces pupal weight, fecundity, and adult longevity. These effects are more pronounced among the female insects. There is no evidence that the parasite affects male fertility, mate choice, or the fertility of eggs produced. The parasite causes some mortality, most of which occurs before the fifth instar. Among larvae infected orally, mortality seems to be related to the size of the initial dose. Mortality occurs equally in both sexes. The development and survival of the first instar and overwintering second instar are not affected by the parasite. It is suggested that the parasite causes most of the observed results by reducing the insect's ability to assimilate its food. Mortality, however, is believed to be due to the destruction of the mid-gut or Malpighian tubules.

The Interaction of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), and the Parasite Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Realistic Estimate ◽  
Host Generation

This is the second of a series of papers (Miller, 1959) describing the interaction of primary parasites and the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), based on data collected during an outbreak of the budworm in northern New Brunswick during the period 1947–1958. The first paper showed that the interaction between the spruce budworm and Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. is adequately described by the general mathematicai model developed by Watt (1959). The data on the parasite Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.) to be presented in this paper are also analysed by means of Watt's model and consequently the method is essentially the same. There is, however, one important difference. In the case of A. fumiferanae, the estimated number of adult parasites was only an index based on the potential number emerging from the previous host generation. The observed density of G. fumiferanae is a more realistic estimate. It is based on the actual number of cocoons found on the foliage during the adult emergence period.

MORPHOGENETIC EFFECTS OF AN INHIBITOR OF CUTICLE DEVELOPMENT ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Retnakaran ◽  
Larry Smith
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Cuticle Development ◽  
Morphogenetic Effects

Abstract1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-urea when ingested by the last two larval instars of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, inhibits cuticle development leading to morphogenetic deformities in the pupal stage. Laboratory and greenhouse studies indicate that this material could be used to control natural populations of spruce budworm.

A dosing technique and the effects of sub-lethal doses of Nosema fumiferanae (Microsporida) on its host the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Living Adult ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Significant Mortality

SummaryVarious dosages of the microsporidian parasite, Nosema fumiferanae were fed to 12-day-old larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana using a previously undescribed bioassay capsule. A spore dose of 3 × 104 resulted in 92% infection and a significant reduction in pupal weights, adult female longevity and a mean spore concentration of 1·5 × 107/living adult. Significant mortality (68%, combined larvae and pupae) did not occur until larvae ingested 3 × 107 spores; this dose produced a mean of 1·8 × 107 spores in dead larvae and 3·6 × 107 and 4·6 × 107 spores in dead male and female pupae respectively.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF EARLY INSTARS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) TO HETERORHABDITIS HELIOTHIDIS (NEMATODA: RHABDITIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287
Author(s):  
Jean R. Finney ◽  
Gordon F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Cryptic Habitats ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Finney et al. (1982) reported on the susceptibility of the 4th to 6th larval instars and pupae of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) to Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks and Hirschmann). This report describes the susceptibility of the first three larval instars to the nematode. First-instar larvae search for suitable sites where they spin hibernacula in which they molt and overwinter as second-instar larvae. Most third-instar larvae burrow within the balsam fir buds. All these stages occupy cryptic habitats to which delivery of chemical pesticides is a problem. Rhabditid nematodes, which can actively seek out a target insect, may prove a more useful control agent under these circumstances.

Needle-Mining Habits and Larval Instars of the Spruce Budworm

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 439-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair M. McGugan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Seasonal History

Many of the early papers on the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), included accounts of the general habits and seasonal history of the insect (9, 13, 18, 10, 22). Later papers have heen concerned principally with ecological or pathological relations, current infestations and damage, or chemical control. There has not been, however, any detailed account of the salient features of the development of the spruce budworm.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LARVAL INSTARS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), TO BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Fast ◽  
John B. Dimond
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Full Effect

AbstractDiet incorporation assays detected no difference in susceptibility of instars IV, V, and VI of spruce budworm exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis, either in terms of dose, LC50, or time, LT50. The hypothesis that the dose–response for larvae of each instar fitted a common regression line was statistically acceptable. Differences in the pattern of changes in larval weight of instars IV, V, VI larvae in response to dose were not detected.Small plots were sprayed with 5.5, 10.9, 21.9 BIU/ha at times corresponding to peak instar III, early IV, peak IV, peak V, and peak VI. Instar III larvae were controlled less effectively than were instar IV or V larvae which were controlled equally well. Instar VI larvae were also less effectively controlled than instar IV and V larvae probably because a significant proportion had reached the non-feeding prepupal stage before the full effect of B.t. was obtained.

The Effect of a Microsporidian Parasite of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), on Two Internal Hymenopterous Parasites

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 694-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite

Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. and Glylpta fumiferanae (Vier.) are two well known hymenopterous parasites of the spruce budworm in Canada. While studying a microsporidian disease of the budworm caused by Perezia fumiferanae Thom. (Thomson, 1955) it was observed that occasionally the microsporidian and one of the hymenopterous parasites occurred together in the same host. This paper is a report of a study of the effect of the microsporidian on the hymenopterous parasites.

HORMONAL INDUCTION OF SUPERNUMERARY INSTARS IN THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Retnakaran
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Hormone Analogue ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Analogue ◽  
Hormonal Induction

AbstractInduction of supernumerary larval instars in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, by applying ZR-515, a potent juvenile hormone analogue, is explained in terms of larval differentiation. Application to the early sixth instar where structures are relatively indeterminate results in the formation of a supernumerary larval instar, whereas treatment of the late-larva wherein many structures are committed to differentiate towards the pupa, results in a larval–pupal mosaic.

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