RELATIONSHIP OF RESPIRATION RATE TO TEMPERATURE IN A SUPERCOOLED INSECT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Salt
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Logarithmic Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

The rate of oxygen consumption of mature larvae of Anagasta kühniella (Zell.) exhibits a logarithmic relationship to temperature over a range extending from the limit of supercooling to the beginning of heat injury. This information supplements that of Scholander et al. (4), who demonstrated the same relationship in frozen Chironomus larvae, the rate being lower than in supercooled forms and hence not continuous with the above-zero portion of the curve. Together, these two simple relationships invalidate Kozhantschikov's theory of cold-hardiness based on a thermostable respiration below 0 °C. in cold-hardy insects and no respiration in frozen non-cold-hardy insects.

scholarly journals Oxygen consumption, ventilatory frequency and heart rate of lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis) during their spawning run

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
P. N. Claridge ◽  
I. C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Lampetra Fluviatilis ◽  
Ventilatory Frequency ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
Logarithmic Relationship

1. The standard rate of oxygen consumption, ventilatory frequency and heart rate of adult Lampetra fluviatilis were measured during the light phase of the photoperiod and at times corresponding to various stages in the upstream migration. 2. All three parameters increased during the spawning run but only in mature individuals were significant differences found between the sexes. 3. The regression coefficients for the logarithmic relationship between oxygen consumption and body weight of immature animals were 0.912 and 0.925 at 9.5 and 16 degrees C respectively. 4. Both the standard rate of oxygen consumption and the amount of oxygen taken up during activity increased greatly during the hours of darkness. 5. Oxygen consumption, ventilatory frequency and, to a lesser extent, heart rate increased significantly at 9.5 degrees C over the 100–20% range of saturation with air. 6. Below 20% saturation with air, lampreys no longer remained attached by their oral disc for prolonged periods and the ventilatory frequency rose even more rapidly to reach a maximum of 175 beats/min at 12.5%. Exposure to 7.5% resulted in death within 5–8 h.

The Respiratory Physiology of the Marine Nematodes Enoplus Brevis (Bastian) and E. Communis (Bastian)

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
H. J. ATKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Tensions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. The rate of oxygen consumption of individual males of Enoplus brevis and E. communis was measured at 15 °C and at each of four oxygen tensions, 135, 75, 35, and 12 Torr, after at least 12 h experience of these conditions. 2. It was clearly demonstrated that the level of oxygen consumption of both species was reduced by each lowering of the imposed oxygen tension. 3. In all cases the oxygen consumption of each species fell with increasing body size. On a unit dry-weight basis the oxygen consumption of E. brevis is greater than that of the larger E. communis, but after allowing for the difference of body size the two species have more or less similar oxygen uptakes at all oxygen tensions. 4. In E. brevis oxygen tension influenced the relationship of body size and metabolism, the slope relating oxygen consumption and body weight becomes steeper with decreasing oxygen tension. This effect was not shown by E. communis. 5. Some general factors influencing the availability of oxygen to nematodes are considered.

Respiration of a low oxygen tolerant galatheid crab, Munida quadrispina (Benedict, 1902)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2538-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Burd
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Saanich Inlet ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Critical Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Size Gradient

A recent study on Munida quadrispina in the cliff community of Saanich Inlet, an intermittently anoxic fjord, showed that these crabs have a size distribution corresponding to the vertical oxygen gradient. This study tested the hypothesis that the size gradient was caused by a size-dependent respiratory tolerance. The factor used for comparison was Pc (critical oxygen concentration below which the rate of oxygen consumption declines). Size specific Pc was compared with habitat oxygen levels at which different sized animals were captured in Saanich Inlet. Regulated oxygen consumption and Pc decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with increasing wet weight of crabs. Pc decreased significantly (p < 0.01) as carapace length increased. The slope and elevation of the latter relationship were not significantly different (p < 0.01, ANCOVA) from the slope and elevation of the relationship of carapace length versus habitat oxygen. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that the vertical size gradient in Saanich Inlet is related to a size-specific Pc. The minimum Pc observed (0.14 mL oxygen/L) corresponded with the lowest oxygen levels at which crabs were found in Saanich Inlet (0.1–0.15 mL oxygen/L).

Influence of Thyroid Function on the Metabolism of the Anterior Pituitary Gland

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold A. Levey ◽  
Sidney Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of

The weight and rate of oxygen consumption of the anterior pituitary gland of the male Sprague-Dawley rat were observed to decline with age. Thyroidectomy, administration of thiouracil or propylthiouracil, and castration significantly elevated pituitary weight, while all but the latter procedure resulted in increased oxygen consumption of this gland. Adrenalectomy was without effect in these respects. Pituitary hypertrophy after thyroidectomy was associated with hyperemia and increased water and protein content. No changes were observed in glucose utilization, lactate production, and levels of succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase in the pituitary gland following thyroidectomy. Administration of thyroxine to thyroidectomized rats restored normal pituitary weight and respiratory activity. Diiodothyronine and triiodothyronine were somewhat less effective than thyroxine. Diiodotyrosine and potassium iodide were ineffective. The relationship of pituitary metabolism to protein hormone synthesis in this gland is discussed.

Relationship between motility and oxygen consumption of sperm from the cauda epididymides of the rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Murdoch ◽  
R. C. Jones ◽  
V. L. Armstrong ◽  
J. Clulow
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Exogenous Substrate ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stimulation Of

The oxygen consumption of rat sperm was low (2.7 µL O2 108 sperm–1h–1) in caudal epidi-dymal semen (CES) when stimulation of motility was avoided. The addition of 1 µL of Krebs Ringer phosphate buffer (KRP) to 40 µL of CES (CES : KRP = 40 : 1) did not activate motility, but stimulated oxygen consumption 2-fold. Inclusion of 1–5 mМ glucose, acetate, pyruvate or lactate in the KRP further stimulated respiration rate (up to 4.3-fold) without activating motility, but respiration was reduced when 2- deoxyglucose replaced energy substrates. Inclusion of dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM) activated sperm motility in all samples and stimulated oxygen consumption 2.9-fold. Dilution of CES at the ratio of CES : KRP = 40 : 1000 also activated sperm motility and stimulated respiration rate 2.9-fold. The combined effect of dibutyryl cAMP and glucose in stimulating respiration was greater than their individual effects. However, the response to cAMP or substrates was not altered by incubation in KRP containing either 0 or 0.5 mM Ca2+. It was concluded that the motility and metabolism of rat epididymal sperm are suppressed in vivo. Respiration can be stimulated by a small (1.025-fold) dilution and further stimulated by the inclusion of energy substrate, without activating motility. However, a larger dilution or inclusion of cAMP activated motility and simultaneously stimulated metabolism, with exogenous substrate being required to stimulate respiration to the maximum rate. This suggests that prior to activation, the rate of oxygen consumption and sperm motility are not coupled.

scholarly journals Oxygen Consumption and Cell Size. A Comparison of the Rate of Oxygen Consumption of Diploid and Triploid Prepupae of Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen

1953 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ELLENBY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. The oxygen consumption and surface area of individual diploid and triploid prepupae of Drosophila melanogaster have been measured, the cells of triploid animals being larger. 2. The mean weights for the types examined are different but their ranges overlap almost completely. By covariance analysis it is shown that, after adjustment for difference in body size, there are no differences in the rates of oxygen consumption. It is concluded that, for these animals, cell size has no influence on the rate of oxygen consumption. 3. The relationships between body weight, surface area, and oxygen consumption have been further investigated. It is shown that, despite the greater inaccuracy of the method by which surface area is determined, oxygen consumption can be predicted more accurately from surface area than from body weight. 4. The results are discussed in relation to an earlier investigation of the oxygen consumption of other genotypes (Ellenby, 1945 a, b). Possible technical causes of certain differences between the two series of results in the relationship of oxygen consumption and body weight are explored; it is concluded, however, that they are almost certainly due to differences, not necessarily genetical, between the animals used in the two series.

Oxygen consumption of Limnocalanus macrurus Sars (Calanoida, Copepoda) in relation to environmental conditions

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Roff
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Limnocalanus Macrurus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The oxygen consumption of Limnocalanus macrurus and its relationship to a number of environmental parameters were determined on specimens from two arctic lakes, both in the laboratory and in situ. The Q10 from 0 to 10 °C was 1.93 and from 5 to 15 °C was 2.20. The respiration rate increased shortly after capture of the animals and then declined to steady levels within 6 h after capture. Experimental population densities within the range of 0.1 to 2 animals/ml had no effect on the adult respiration rate nor did the volume of the respiratory container. Experiments carried out in situ showed no relationship between depth of incubation and respiration rate, and did not differ significantly from the laboratory respiration rates.The upper lethal temperature was about 18 °C but animals could briefly withstand exposure to 21 °C. Lethal oxygen concentration was dependent on temperature, being about 0.8 mg/liter at 0 °C. The relationship of these lethal levels to the distribution of the species is discussed.

scholarly journals Body Size in Relation to Oxygen Consumption and Pleopod Beat in Ligia Oceanica L

1951 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ELLENBY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. Male Ligia oceanica were used in an investigation of the relationship of body size to rate of oxygen consumption and pleopod beat. 2. Animals varied in weight from 0.04 to 1.03 g. and from 0.95 to 3.1 cm. in length. 3. Body shape does not change significantly over the size range, for length and breadth both increase at the same rate, and pleopod dimensions bear a constant relation to body length. 4. Specific gravity also is constant, for the relation of body weight to the cube of body length shows no trend with increasing size. 5. Oxygen consumption per gram decreases with increasing size and is proportional to the -0.274 Power of body weight. Total oxygen consumption is therefore proportional to the 0.726 power of body weight; but this value does not differ significantly from two-thirds. 6. As shape is constant, surface area is proportional to the square of a linear dimension. It is shown that oxygen consumption per unit of length2 is constant over the size range. Although body length was measured far less accurately than body weight it is shown that it assesses ‘body size’ more accurately. 7. Rate of pleopod beat was measured at 15 and 25°C.; it decreases with the size of the animal. At 15°C. time per beat varies as the 0.66 power of body length, and at 25°C. as the 0.59 power; neither of these values differs significantly from 0.5. Despite the fact that pleopod movement is heavily damped, the rate therefore varies like that of a pendulum. 9. The workof Fox (1936-9) and Fox et al. (1937a)on the rate of oxygen consumption of animals from cold and warmer seas and from different habitats is considered. It is suggested that many of their comparisons are invalidated by differences in body size of the animals concerned, and that, in relation to environment, no basis, theoretical or experimental, has been established for a distinction between ‘nonlocomotory’ and ‘activity’ metabolism.

scholarly journals Recovery heat in muscular contraction without lactic acid formation

1931 ◽  
Vol 108 (757) ◽  
pp. 279-301 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Spontaneous Breakdown ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Resting Muscle

In a comparison of muscles poisoned with mono-iodo-acetic acid (IAA) in the presence and in the absence of oxygen respectively, Lundsgaard (1930) found:- (1) That the spontaneous breakdown of phosphagen in poisoned resting muscle is much more rapid under anaerobic conditions. (2) That the onset of the characteristic contracture produced by IAA is accompanied always by an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption.

Proximal tubule dysfunction in cystine-loaded tubules: effect of phosphate and metabolic substrates

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. F717-F722
Author(s):  
G. Bajaj ◽  
M. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Intracellular Atp ◽  
Metabolic Substrates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Intracellular Phosphate

Intracellular cystine loading by use of cystine dimethyl ester (CDME) results in a generalized inhibition in proximal tubule transport due, in part, to a decrease in intracellular ATP. The present study examined the importance of phosphate and metabolic substrates in the proximal tubule dysfunction produced by cystine loading. Proximal tubule intracellular phosphorus was 1.8 +/- 0.1 in control tubules and 1.1 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein in proximal tubules incubated in vitro with CDME P < 0.001). Infusion of sodium phosphate in rabbits and subsequent incubation of proximal tubules with a high-phosphate medium attenuated the decrease in proximal tubule respiration and prevented the decrease in intracellular ATP with cystine loading. Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates have been shown to preserve oxidative metabolism in phosphate-depleted proximal tubules. In proximal tubules incubated with either 1 mM valerate or butyrate, there was a 42 and 34% reduction (both P < 0.05) in the rate of oxygen consumption with cystine loading. However, tubules incubated with 1 mM succinate or citrate had only a 13 and 14% P = NS) reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption, respectively. These data are consistent with a limitation of intracellular phosphate in the pathogenesis of the proximal tubule dysfunction with cystine loading.

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