NUTRITIONAL STUDIES WITH PSEUDOSARCOPHAGA AFFINIS (FALL), A DIPTEROUS PARASITE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.): II. EFFECTS OF ELEVEN VITAMINS ON GROWTH

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. House
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Calcium Pantothenate ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Nutritional Studies

When the parasitic dipteron Pseudosarcophaga affinis (Fall.) was reared aseptically on chemically defined media; thiamine, riboflavin, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, choline chloride, and biotin were essential for larval growth and development, but not vitamin B12, pyridoxine, folic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid, or inositol. Vitamin B12 had a slight beneficial effect on pupation, whereas the omission of para-aminobenzoic acid had a slight stimulatory effect on growth and development. The responses of larvae to deficiencies of different vitamins reached a decisive point at different stages of larval development.

NUTRITIONAL STUDIES WITH PSEUDOSARCOPHAGA AFFINIS (FALL.), A DIPTEROUS PARASITE OF THE SPRUCE BUD-WORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.): III. EFFECTS OF NINETEEN AMINO ACIDS ON GROWTH

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. House
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Feeding tests with the parasite Pseudosarcophaga affinis (Fall.) reared aseptically on chemically defined media showed that food lacking l-arginine, l-histidine, dl-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, dl-methionine, dl-phenylalanine, dl-threonine, dl-tryptophane, or dl-valine failed to support larval growth beyond the first instar. Omitting glycine from the diet lowered the rate of growth and permitted only a small number of individuals to develop beyond the first instar. There were statistically significant differences between the rates of growth on the control diets and on diets lacking dl-alanine, glycine, dl-serine, or l-tyrosine. When dl-aspartic acid, l-cysteine, l-glutamic acid, l-hydroxyproline, or l-proline was omitted from the food, larval growth and development were not affected.

NUTRITIONAL STUDIES OF EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): II. STARCHES

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Better Than

AbstractAmylopectin added to a sugar-free wheat-germ diet was equal to or better than sucrose as a carbohydrate source, and appears to be readily utilized by the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)). Larval growth on diets containing dextrins or potato starch shows that they are partly utilized. Starches from other sources, including those isolated from mature balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) or white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) needles, are not utilized to any extent, on the basis of larval growth on diets to which they have been added.Sixth-instar budworm reared on artificial diets contain amylase(s) in midgut and salivary gland homogenates, which show a low rate of digestion of starches from host foliage. However, the presence of appreciable starch in frass from foliage-fed insects and the apparent low utilizability of foliar starch indicate that the latter is not an important nutrient for the budworm under natural conditions.

AN ARTIFICIAL DIET AND SOME GROWTH FACTOR REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PALE WESTERN CUTWORM

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasting ◽  
A. J. McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Calcium Pantothenate ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

The pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., was reared in the laboratory on an artificial, partly defined diet that contained no extracts or parts from green plants. This diet permitted the determination of some growth factor needs for the larvae. Deletion of niacinamide, choline chloride, calcium pantothenate, and pyridoxine from the diet stopped growth and development of larvae in the second or third instar. Deficiencies of riboflavin, folic acid, or thiamine allowed development of larvae to the fifth instar but no pupae were produced. Omission from the diet of inositol, biotin, or vitamine B12 had no apparent effect on the growth and development of this cutworm.The inhibitory effect of the diet lacking thiamine on growth of newly hatched larvae was not caused by a decreased consumption of the deficient diet.

NUTRITIONAL STUDIES WITH PSEUDOSARCOPHAGA AFFINIS (FALL.), A DIPTEROUS PARASITE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.): V. EFFECTS OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF THE AMINO ACID MIXTURE, DEXTROSE, POTASSIUM ION, THE SALT MIXTURE, AND LARD ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT; AND A SUBSTITUTE FOR LARD

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. House ◽  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Nutritional Studies

An improved chemically defined diet has been developed for aseptic rearing of the parasitic dipteron Pseudosarcophaga affiuis (Fall.). The time required for 50% of the larvae to develop to the third instar was decreased from nine to five days, and the percentage of larvae that became adults was increased from 19 to 60. These improvements resulted from a reduction in the dextrose concentration to 0.5% of the diet and the inclusion of 0.4% of lard or of a mixture of fatty acids. Reducing the concentration of the salt mixture when the concentration of potassium was increased did not affect growth. The optimum concentration of amino acids was about 2.0% of the medium. Excessive concentrations of amino acids, dextrose, and the salt mixture were toxic.

para-Aminobenzoic Acid-A Substrate of Immense Significance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-700
Author(s):  
Zaib Un Nisa ◽  
Tashfeen Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Biological Scaffolds ◽  
Pharmacological Significance ◽  
Grey Hair

PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid) is an important substrate for the synthesis of various biological scaffolds. Its pharmacological significance is apparent form the drugs like folic acid and benzocaine, which are used for certain biological disorders. Although, it is not a vitamin but still it is referred as a member of vitamin B. The deficiency of PABA leads to several disorders like erratic white areas of skin, grey hair, fatigue, depression and irritability. Besides its medicinal importance, PABA has been used in the synthesis of various biologically active heterocyclic nuclei like benzimidazoles, azitidinones, thiazolidinones, pyrazoline, etc. This review will describe the applications of PABA in the synthesis of these biologically active nuclei and hence emphasizing its importance as a versatile substrate.

NUTRITIONAL STUDIES WITHPSEUDOSARCOPHAGA AFFINIS(FALL.), A DIPTEROUS PARASITE OF THE SPRUCE BUD-WORM,CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA(CLEM.): IV. EFFECTS OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID, GLUTATHIONE, DEXTROSE, A SALT MIXTURE, CHOLESTEROL, AND FATS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. House
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Chemically Defined Media ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Experimental Media ◽  
Nutritional Studies

The dipterous parasite Pseudosarcophaga affinis (Fall.) reared aseptically on chemically defined media requires ribonucleic acid, dextrose, a salt mixture, cholesterol, and fats for optimum growth; the differences between the results obtained on the experimental media and on the controls were statistically significant. Glutathione is not required for growth, but possibly aids in metamorphosis.

Assay of Ascorbic Acid in Pharmaceuticals: A Modified Colorimetric Procedure Using p-Nitroaniline

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1248
Author(s):  
Cora E Weeks ◽  
Mike J Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Calcium Pantothenate ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Chromogenic Reagent ◽  
Pyrimidine Moiety ◽  
Colorimetric Procedure ◽  
Entire Procedure

Abstract The colorimetric procedure by Schmall has been modified by use of diazotized p-nitroaniline as the chromogenic reagent for assaying microgram quantities of ascorbic acid. The volumes have been adjusted so that the entire procedure is conducted in test tubes. Folic acid, choline, inositol, biotin, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid and amide, B6 compounds, and ferrous sulfate did not interfere; the thiazole moiety of thiamine gave negligible interference, while the pyrimidine moiety had no effect. The method is not applicable in the presence of p-aminobenzoic acid or cysteine. The results by the p-nitroaniline method were 98–103% of the ascorbic acid found by the dichlorophenol-indophenol method, while the iV-bromosuccinimide method gave 98–105% of the acid as determined by the dye titration.

An artificial diet with improved acceptability to three strains of Myzus Persicae (Sulz.) (Hemiptera, Aphididae)

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Griffiths ◽  
A. R. Greenway ◽  
Susan L. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Calcium Pantothenate ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Modified Diet

AbstractA laboratory-reared British strain of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) did not readily accept the artificial diet that has been used to maintain North American strains. All components of this diet were re-tested in factorial tests and a modified diet was developed which contained increased amounts of alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, folic acid, calcium pantothenate and pyridoxine, while omitting arginine, glutamic acid, histidine, tryptophan, valine, ascorbic acid, choline chloride, nicotinic acid and riboflavin. This diet, although less adequate nutritionally than the original diet, could maintain M. persicae for several weeks and more than two generations. It was readily accepted by aphids with few deaths in the first generation, so that it should be more suitable than the Californian diet for bioassay of systemic insecticides and for studies on substances that might influence aphid behaviour.

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND GRASSING TO CHANGE SOME OF THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MINING OF BROWN CALCAREOUS SOILS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Ruzimurod B. Boimurodov ◽  
Zebinisso Q. Bobokhonova
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Humus Accumulation

In this article is showing, that the irrigation mountain brown carbonate soils prone methods of irrigation and grassing comes the rapid growth and development of natural vegetation, which leads to intensive humus accumulation. Humus content in the upper layer is increased by 0.98% and a significantly smaller severely eroded. Increasing the amount of humus promotes accumulation mainly humic acids, that conducts to expansion of relations the content of humic acid: The content of folic acid. When grassing of soil traced sharp increase in the number associated with the related and R2 O3 humic acid.

Physiology of Larval Feeding

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

The functional properties of marine invertebrate larvae represent the sum of the physiological activities of the individual, the interdependence among cells making up the whole, and the correct positioning of cells within the larval body. This chapter examines physiological aspects of nutrient acquisition, digestion, assimilation, and distribution within invertebrate larvae from an organismic and comparative perspective. Growth and development of larvae obviously require the acquisition of “food.” Yet the mechanisms where particulate or dissolved organic materials are converted into biomass and promote development of larvae differ and are variably known among groups. Differences in the physiology of the digestive system (secreted enzymes, gut transit time, and assimilation) within and among feeding larvae suggest the possibility of an underappreciated plasticity of digestive physiology. How the ingestion of seawater by and the existence of a circulatory system within larvae contribute to larval growth and development represent important topics for future research.

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