A COMPARISON OF SOME SEASONAL AND TEMPERATURE-INDUCED CHANGES IN PEROMYSCUS: COLD RESISTANCE, METABOLISM, AND PELAGE INSULATION

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart ◽  
O. Heroux
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Induced Changes

The cold resistance of deer mice captured during the winter was greater than that of summer mice and was accompanied by a greater pelage insulation and a lower oxygen consumption at 1–2 °C. On the other hand, the enhanced cold resistance of deer mice previously acclimated to cold was not accompanied by differences in pelage insulation. Moreover, in white-footed mice previously acclimated to different temperatures, oxygen consumption was similar at 1–2 °C. These data indicate that the seasonal changes observed in Peromyscus are not identical to changes produced by acclimation in the laboratory. Environmental factors responsible for these differences are discussed.

Hypothermia in iron deficiency due to altered triiodothyronine metabolism

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. R377-R381 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dillman ◽  
C. Gale ◽  
W. Green ◽  
D. G. Johnson ◽  
B. Mackler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Catecholamine Response ◽  
Cutaneous Vasoconstriction

Iron-deficient rats become hypothermic and have an excessive catecholamine response when exposed to an ambient temperature of 4 degrees C. This is not due to changes in body insulation, since thickness is unaltered, since differences persist after removal of hair, and since cutaneous vasoconstriction is intact. On the other hand, oxygen consumption of iron-deficient animals at 4 degrees C is reduced, 39 +/- 3 ml . kg-1 . min-1 compared to 63 +/- 2 in control animals. Thyroxine (T4) values at 4 degrees C were 4.34 +/- 0.20 microgram/dl sera as compared to control values of 3.6 +/- 0.32. Triiodothyronine (T3) values of iron-deficient animals in the cold were 48 +/- 6.8 ng/dl as compared to 72 +/- 5.6 in control animals. Treatment of iron-deficient animals with iron was shown to normalize the plasma T3 response at 4 degrees C within 6 days. Thyroidectomized iron-deficient animals injected with T3 did not show hypothermia at 4 degrees C, whereas thyroidectomized iron-deficient animals injected with T4 showed hypothermia, increased catecholamines, and decreased T3 levels as compared to non-iron-deficient animals similarly treated. It is proposed that iron deficiency impairs conversion of T4 to T3 and that this is primarily responsible for the hypothermia observed.

Corticotropin- and lysine-vasopressin induced changes of plasma corticosteroids and testosterone in the adult male pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hahmeier ◽  
M. Fenske ◽  
L. Pitzel ◽  
W. Holtz ◽  
A. König
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract. Intravenous injection of 10.0 μg/kg body weight synthetic corticotropin (1-24 ACTH) into chronically cannulated boars resulted in significantly elevated plasma corticosteroid and testosterone levels between 20 and 140 min (corticosteroids) and 20–80 min (testosterone) after injection. Administration of lysine-vasopressin (LVP) at doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 IU/kg body weight elicited a significant increase of plasma corticosteroids between 20 and 40 min after injection; on the other hand, plasma testosterone concentrations tended to fall when compared to pre-treatment levels. From our results it can be concluded that exogenously applied ACTH can effectively stimulate the release of corticosteroids and testosterone. Intravenous administration of LVP results in significantly, although not maximally increased plasma corticosteroid concentrations; the release of endogenous ACTH induced by LVP injection, on the other hand, appeared to be too small to stimulate testosterone release significantly.

scholarly journals STATUS PEWARISAN TRANSEKSUAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM WARIS ADAT MINANGKABAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-225
Author(s):  
Sonny Dewi Judiasih ◽  
Elycia Feronia Salim ◽  
Agitha Putri Andany Hidayat ◽  
Cynthia Kurniawan ◽  
Rifny Meirizka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Times ◽  
Adat Law

Abstrak Seiring perkembangan zaman, dewasa ini terdapat orang yang berkeinginan mengubah jenis kelaminnya yang disebut sebagai transeksual. Faktor yang menyebabkan seseorang menjadi transeksual selain dari faktor hormonal dapat juga terjadi karena pengaruh faktor lingkungan. Dalam hal ini akan menimbulkan masalah dalam segala aspek hukum dan bidang kehidupan salah satunya terkait dengan pewarisan bagi transeksual. Di Indonesia, eksistensi hukum adat terutama dalam hal waris masih diakui. Masyarakat adat khususnya adat Minangkabau yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai dan norma agama Islam tentunya menolak keberadaan transeksual di lingkungan mereka dan dengan ditolaknya keberadaan transeksual di Adat Minangkabau, transeksual tidak berhak dalam pewarisan dalam waris adat khususnya di Minangkabau. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui, menjelaskan dan menganalisis tentang pewarisan transeksual dalam Hukum Waris Adat Minangkabau. Kata Kunci : agama, hukum adat, hukum waris, transeksual Abstract Along with the times, there are people who wants to change their sex, which is called transsexual. Factor that cause a person to become transsexual aside from hormonal factors can also occur due to the influence of environmental factors. On the other hand returning to norms and religion is considered to violate the norms and values of custom and religion, in this case, it will cause problems in all aspects of law and life, one of which is related to inheritance for transsexual. In Indonesia, the existence of Adat Law esspecialy in heir matter still recognized. Indigenous peoples especially Adat Minangkabau, who uphold Islamic religious values and norms naturally reject the existence of transsexual in their environment. There fore, transsexual are not entitled to inhertitance in Adat Minangkau in inheritance. The purpose in this paper is to find out, explain, and analyze abput transsexual inhertitance in Minangkabau Adat Law. Keyword : adat law, inheritance adat law, religion, transsexual

scholarly journals Coach-athlete dyad: perception of psychosocial and environmental factors in the relationship - a case study (Pareja entrenador-atleta: percepción de los factores psicosociales y ambientales en la relación – un estudio de caso)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 666-672
Author(s):  
Pedro Vigário ◽  
Armando Teixeira ◽  
Felício Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Estudio De Caso

Abstract. In this study, we intended to identify psychosocial and environmental factors common to both, coach and athlete, in a situation of relational dyad, perceived by themselves, in a context of individual sport. In the same way, to perceive which factors were considered most preponderant in the sports performance by the two elements of the dyad. Two interviews were conducted individually, to both coach and athlete, and identified the variables present in this dyad by the coding of the interviews. In the analysis of the collected data, the method used was qualitative. Ten common factors were identified: environment, confidence, empathy, mental exigency, motivation, objectives, perfectionism, resilience, overcoming and values. However, there were significant differences in the relative frequencies of each of these factors, depending on whether they came from the coach or the athlete. It was concluded that, despite the existence of factors common to both subjects, the perception of their significance for the relationship, is not the same. The results also suggest that coaches have a significant focus on the variables of competence. On the other hand, the athletes, in addition to the competence variables, also focus on bond factors such as confidence, or self-knowledge factors such as overcoming.Resumen. En este estudio pretendemos identificar factores psicosociales y ambientales comunes a ambos, entrenador y atleta en situación de pareja relacional, percibidos por los propios, en contexto de modalidad individual. De igual modo, percibir cuáles los factores juzgados más preponderantes en el rendimiento deportivo por los dos elementos de la pareja. Fueron realizadas dos entrevistas, individualmente, a ambos, entrenador y atleta, identificadas las variables presentes en esta pareja a través de la codificación de las entrevistas. En el análisis de los datos recogidos, el método utilizado fue cualitativo. Se identificaron diez factores comunes: ambiente, confianza, empatía, exigencia mental, motivación, objetivos, perfeccionismo, resiliencia, superación y valores. Sin embargo, se verificaron diferencias significativas, en cuanto a las frecuencias relativas de cada uno de estos factores, dependiendo se provenían del entrenador o del atleta. Se concluyó que, a pesar de la existencia de factores comunes a ambos sujetos, la percepción de su significancia para la relación no es igual. Los resultados sugieren que los entrenadores tienen un foco significativo en las variables de cualificaciones. Por otro lado, los atletas, más allá de las variables de cualificación, también tienen foco en factores de vínculo como la confianza, o de autoconocimiento, como la superación.

Selective Area Etching of GaN and AlGaN by Thermally Chemical Reaction in Hydrogen Ambient

1997 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hiramatsu ◽  
H. Matsushima ◽  
H. Hanai ◽  
N. Sawaki
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Etching Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Etching ◽  
Selective Area ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Gases ◽  
Ambient Gas

AbstractThe selective area etching of wurtzite GaN (0001) and AlGaN (0001) with SiO2 masks is investigated for different temperatures of 800 to 1 100°C and different ambient gases of H2, N2 and Ar including NH3. The etching rate of GaN increases with increasing annealing temperature under H2 ambient. This etching is attributed to the chemical reaction between Ga-N and H2. On the other hand, the etching of GaN does not occur in the N2 or Ar ambient gas. The NH3 gas in H2 ambient suppresses the chemical reaction, while the NH3 gas in N2 enhances it. The surface etching of Al0.1Ga0.9N is not observed even in H2 ambient.

Comment: Mao, the Comintern and the Second United Front

1992 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Garver
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
United Front ◽  
Induced Changes

Sheng and I are in essential agreement that between mid-1935 and late 1936 repeated interventions by the Comintern induced changes in CCP policy which brought it successively closer to a united front with Chiang Kai-shek. We disagree about whether there were significant discrepancies between CCP and Comintern line on this issue at specific points. I argue there were. Sheng argues there were not. The Comintern did not itself adopt a true policy of a united front with Chiang until late 1936, Sheng implies. The Comintern's policy of a united front with Chiang evolved slowly, and as it inched towards this goal it communicated the ideas to Mao who adopted them fully and promptly. “Mao was amenable to Stalin's advice,” Sheng says; he was “sensitive and responsive” to Comintern directives. Any discrepancies between Comintern and CCP lines were differences emphasis, not of substance, according to Sheng. I, on the other hand, argue that Mao's policy was consistently more anti-Chiang than the Comintern's.

scholarly journals Holden Caulfield: A Marginal Player Made by Historical Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zari Dorri
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Historicism ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Opening Up

Holden Caulfield, the major character in Jerome David Salinger’s most rewarded novel The Catcher in the Rye, long stood as the innovative and leading figure for such distinctive and revolutionary traits in a character he presented in 1959s’ America literary domain. Salinger media-shy and no interview policies led the public to spread out the idea of the author’s being the whole genius behind the sheer novelty of Holden Caulfield character by making a myth out of the author who turns down any kind of publicity and is finally lionized. This student-friendly hero who denigrate respectability and” phoniness” with his cynical attitude and obscene language, in one way or another, is kept being compared to such huge characters like Huckle Berry Finn whose universal popularity is barely deniable; but the question is that, could at any rate, J.D.Salinger be the sole innovator behind this genuineness? On the other hand, are there any other social and environmental factors, which came to pave the way for any kinds of Holden to be born and well liked? The main purpose of the paper is to answer these questions by a kind of critical theory as New Historicism and survey through the history as a discourse in this method. The results and findings indicate that, apparently, there was a specific social context for the emergence of this novel, with which the author had to interact. By opening up the environmental condition of those days and considering the facts, which affected Holden’s birth and popularity in that era. This essay will point out the fact that criticizing America’s 50s in such aforementioned ambience was inevitably and to some extent predictable.

scholarly journals Natural Feeding and Description of Clausocalanus furcatus Order Calanoida (Copepoda) in the coastal waters of Baniyas City (Eastern Mediterranean): التغذية الطبيعية ووصف النوع Clausocalanus furcatus رتبة Cyclopoida (Copepoda) في المياه الشاطئية لمدينة بانياس (شرق المتوسط)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-94
Author(s):  
Wassim Mahmoud Mayya, Kamal Salem Al- Hanoun Wassim Mahmoud Mayya, Kamal Salem Al- Hanoun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Clausocalanus Furcatus

This study, included the feeding of Clausocalanus furcatus of crustacean zooplankton (Calanoida), by studying the structure of the mandible and the gut content of this previous species to determine their favorite food. 93 samples have been collected vertically in period between March and October 2020. The samples were also accompanied with different hydrophysical and hydrochemical measurements in three regions that differ from each other with their environmental properties. The number of members of (C.furcatus) that were studied reached (64) individuals, of which (44) are female and (20) are male. On the other hand, determining the morphology, studying its structure, and knowing the content of the gut of the aforementioned species helped in expanding knowledge about the conditions and strategies of feeding it under the influence of environmental factors. The number of algae species (phytoplankton) that C.furcatus fed reached (9) species, of which (6) belong to the Dinophyceae, (2) species to Bacillariophyceae earth, and (1) only one species to the group Cryptophyceae. The highest average number of Dinophyceae was (1755), followed by Bacillariophyceae (505) individuals, then the group of Cryptophyceae (189) individuals.

The Migrant Tenant Farmer of Eastern Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Udo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Tenant Farmer ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Tenant Farming

Opening ParagraphIn Eastern Nigeria today there is a growing movement of people from very densely populated rural districts to those which are sparsely peopled. The movement involves farmers who, because of the increasing pressure on the already overworked and impoverished soils of their village territories, move to districts favoured with abundant and more fertile farmlands. Migration to the farm during the farming season (February-October) may be distinguished from that in which the migrant stays at his place of work for many years before returning to his own village. The former is generally associated with short-distance movement to farmlands rarely more than twenty miles from the natal village. The latter, on the other hand, often involves movement over long distances. The migrant farmer is engaged not only in growing crops but also in harvesting and processing palm fruits. The various economic, demographic, and environmental factors which give rise to this pattern of farming are discussed in this paper, which also reviews the socio-economic implications of migrant tenant farming in Eastern Nigeria.

Pb-free solders: Predicting of some physicochemical properties of Ag–Cu–Sn material at different temperatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 1650062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachida M’chaar ◽  
Mouloud El Moudane ◽  
Abdelaziz Sabbar ◽  
Ahmed Ghanimi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, the surface tension, molar volume and density of liquid Ag–Cu–Sn alloys have been calculated using Kohler, Muggianu, Toop, and Hillert models. In addition, the surface tension and viscosity of the Ag–Cu–Sn ternary alloys at different temperatures have been predicted on the basis of Guggenheim and Seetharaman–Sichen equations, respectively. The results show that density and viscosity decrease with increasing tin and increasing temperature for the all studied models. While the surface tension shows a different tendency, especially for the Kohler and Muggianu symmetric models. On the other hand, the molar volume increases with increase of temperature and tin compositions. The calculated values of surface tension and density of Ag–Cu–Sn alloys are compared with the available experimental values and a good agreement was observed.

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